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- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking : The Swedish Prostitution Law
- 2011
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Ingår i: Michigan Journal of International Law. - 1052-2867. ; 33:1, s. 133-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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- Arguello, Gabriela, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of ships at anchor: Safety and environmental implications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ships waiting at anchor are associated with considerable environmental pressures and impacts. Growing and congested anchoring areas are receiving increasing scholarly attention to understand the environmental effects caused by large sea-going ships anchoring in coastal waters. While there is a lack of studies addressing the entire spectrum of environmental pressures and impacts from ships at anchor, ranging from scouring of the seafloor, operational emissions and discharges and waste from maintenance carried out while at anchor, it is well established that anchoring is associated with such pressures. This article takes a problem-oriented approach since there are potential cumulative environmental impacts of ships waiting at anchor. From both a public and private law perspective, we examine the legal structures and challenges associated with the regulation of ships waiting at anchor. We also analyze the public and private law factors that may limit the ability to prevent harmful anchoring practices. Our examination shows that while coastal states have significant jurisdictional powers to regulate anchoring in coastal waters, the current international regulatory framework addresses anchoring incidentally and lacks mechanisms for considering the cumulative impacts of anchoring. Furthermore, the incentives for ships to spend a considerable amount of time at anchor appear to differ substantially across different types of charterparties. Improved regulation requires better scientific knowledge, substantial mapping of legal structures, and a stakeholder survey providing a basis for the exploration of potential contractual practices that may reduce market incentives for anchoring.
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- Argüello Moncayo, Gabriela, 1983
(författare)
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International law on ship recycling and its interface with EU law
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 109:1, s. 301-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation on ship recycling at international and European Union (EU) level has transitioned from the realm of transboundary movement of wastes to a specialized regime, i.e., the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (2009) (Hong Kong Convention). Although this convention is not in force yet, the principal features of it have been incorporated in EU Regulation 1257/2013 on ship recycling. This paper examines the rationale behind developing a ship recycling regime, its disassociation from wastes, and the departure from the main principles of transboundary movement of wastes, such as the proximity principle, reduction of transboundary movement of wastes, and the prior informed consent procedure. While acknowledging some of the positive features of the emerging ship recycling, it is submitted that the Hong Kong Convention and EU Regulation 1257/2013 on ship recycling represent a step back in the regulation of ship recycling.
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- Dahlin, Moa Kindstrom, et al.
(författare)
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Mentally disordered criminal offenders : Legal and criminological perspectives
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 377-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal research in Sweden has traditionally focused on a systematization of the legal rules and their practical application, while the task of studying the effects of the application of the laws has been handed over to other branches of the social sciences. In contrast, new legal theories focusing on proactive and therapeutic dimensions in law have gained increasing attention in the international arena. These approaches may be better suited for evaluating legislation governing compulsory psychiatric care. Theoretical discussions and studies of causal mechanisms underlying criminal behaviour, as well as the implementation and value of instruments for predicting behaviour, are relevant to contemporary criminological research. Criminal behaviour varies across different groups of perpetrators, and the causes can be sought in the interplay between the individual and social factors. Multi-disciplinary efforts, integrating research from forensic psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and criminology, would be beneficial in leading to a better understanding of the causes underlying criminal behaviour.
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- Gustafsson, Håkan, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Från stigbundenhet till lagbundenhet? Kritiska vägval vid upphörande av tvångsvård enligt LVU
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidsskrift for rettsvitenskap. - 0040-7143. ; 136:5, s. 586-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom ett pågående forskningsprojekt tillämpas teorin om stigbundenhet (eng. path dependency) på LVU-processen i syfte att problematisera varför upphörande av tvångsvård av barn möter vissa svårigheter. Teorin om stigbundenhet innebär, som förklaringsmodell för mänskligt och institutionellt beteende, att beslutsfattande tenderar att följa en redan inslagen väg, det vill säga tidiga vägval får betydelse. Allteftersom samma stig återkommande beträds av olika aktörer blir den allt mer inarbetad. Sannolikheten ökar för att samma väg beträds av nästa aktör, vilket så småningom resulterar i självförstärkande cykler. Artikeln beskriver tre sammanhang där stigbundenhetstesen metodologiskt operationaliseras till en (process)rättslig, en institutionell respektive en normativ kontext. Våra empiriska resultat (kvantitativa och kvalitativa) illustrerar i dessa sammanhang stigbundenhetsproblematiken och uppkomsten av vissa vägvalssituationer, så kallade critical junctions. I artikeln redogörs självreflektivt för metodens hermeneutiska återkoppling till de teoretiska ingångsvärdena. Studien påvisar teoribildningens relevans för studiet av relevant rättsområde, dess reella rättstillämpning och även bakomliggande lagstiftningsprocess. I Sverige innebär den senaste tidens snabba lagstiftningsåtgärder att stigbundenheter riskerar att befästas som lagbundenheter.
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