| 1. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking : The Swedish Prostitution Law
- 2011
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Ingår i: Michigan Journal of International Law. - 1052-2867. ; 33:1, s. 133-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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| 2. |
- Dahlin, Moa Kindstrom, et al.
(författare)
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Mentally disordered criminal offenders : Legal and criminological perspectives
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 377-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal research in Sweden has traditionally focused on a systematization of the legal rules and their practical application, while the task of studying the effects of the application of the laws has been handed over to other branches of the social sciences. In contrast, new legal theories focusing on proactive and therapeutic dimensions in law have gained increasing attention in the international arena. These approaches may be better suited for evaluating legislation governing compulsory psychiatric care. Theoretical discussions and studies of causal mechanisms underlying criminal behaviour, as well as the implementation and value of instruments for predicting behaviour, are relevant to contemporary criminological research. Criminal behaviour varies across different groups of perpetrators, and the causes can be sought in the interplay between the individual and social factors. Multi-disciplinary efforts, integrating research from forensic psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and criminology, would be beneficial in leading to a better understanding of the causes underlying criminal behaviour.
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| 3. |
- Langlet, David, 1977-
(författare)
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Safe Return to the Underground? The Role of International Law in Subsurface Storage of Carbon Dioxide
- 2009
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Ingår i: Review of European Community & International Environmental Law. - : Wiley. - 0962-8797 .- 1467-9388. ; 18:3, s. 286-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been described as an indispensable element in fighting dangerous climate change. At the same time, the technology is associated with significant uncertainties and risks. Focusing on the geological storage of captured CO2, this article takes stock of ongoing processes for accommodating CCS in international law. It finds that the current approach to CCS is patchy and, partly, short on substance. It then attempts to establish to what extent a harmonized international approach to regulating CCS is called for and how it may be achieved.
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| 4. |
- Langlet, David, 1977-
(författare)
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Transboundary Transit Pipelines : Reflections on the Balancing of Rights and Interests in Light of the Nord Stream Project
- 2014
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Ingår i: International and Comparative Law Quarterly. - 0020-5893 .- 1471-6895. ; 63:4, s. 977-995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nord Stream project, which comprises two natural gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea, eminently illustrates several of the ambiguities that pertain to the ability of coastal States to regulate the laying and operation of transit pipelines in their exclusive economic zone and, conversely, the extent of the right of other States to carry out such activities. A highly significant issue is how seabed surveys undertaken in preparation for the laying of pipelines should be characterized, and thus regulated, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. What is to be considered a ‘reasonable measure’ by a coastal State is another crucial issue which, together with the extent of the requirement for consent by the coastal State for any specific pipeline route, are decisive for defining the balance between potentially competing interests relating to submarine transit pipelines.
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| 5. |
- Papadopoulou, Frantzeska, 1977-
(författare)
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Supplementary Protection Certificates : still a grey area?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. - : Oxford University Press. - 1747-1532 .- 1747-1540. ; 11:5, s. 372-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs) were introduced in 1992, and have since been considered a very valuable tool for the pharmaceutical industry, allowing for market prolongation and compensating for the effective patent protection time lost in the process of market authorization.Over the past five years, numerous Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) rulings have attempted to interpret the provisions of EU Regulation 1901/2009 and provide clarity to patent holders as well as generics manufacturers as to the protection requirements and the scope of protection awarded. This article analyses the implication of major CJEU cases concerning the interpretation of Articles 3(a), 3(d) and 1(b) of the Regulation.The article also discusses the interrelation between the EU SPC Regulation, on the one hand, and the Market Authorization Regulation and the Market Authorization Directive, on the other, and compares the EU system with that provided by the USA. An analysis of recent case law reveals that now, some 25 years after the entry into force of the Regulation, the system is still obscure. A serious concern also arises as to whether the system as it stands today is simply inappropriate to the protection of modern pharmaceuticals and whether this is also one of the reasons for the growing volume of case law in the field.
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| 6. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Rethinking democracy : legal challenges to pornography and sex inequality in Canada and the United States
- 2010
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Ingår i: Political research quarterly. - Salt Lake City : SAGE Publications. - 1065-9129 .- 1938-274X. ; 63:1, s. 218-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why are democracies unresponsive to well-documented injuries in the production and by the consumption of pornography? Legal challenges to pornography in Canada and the United States in which sexual subordination, not moral notions of "obscenity," were the driving rationale, show democracies inadequately recognizing gender-specific harms. Changes in Canadian obscenity doctrines to account for harm and inequality, in contrast with the U.S. reign of "free speech," did not deliver a corresponding change on the ground. Developments in democratic theory, international law, and the particular U.S.–Canadian legal trajectory, and consideration of the void of institutions articulating the interests of those victimized in and by pornography, suggest the need to adopt empowering civil remedies.
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| 7. |
- Svedberg Helgesson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Client privilege, compliance and the rule of law : Swedish lawyers and money laundering prevention
- 2018
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Ingår i: Crime, law and social change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-4994 .- 1573-0751. ; 69:2, s. 227-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can, and will, lawyers police their clients? This article aims to shed light on the private front-line workers of the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering (FATF). The analysis is based on a study of how Swedish lawyers perceive and handle obligations to police clients within FATF style risk-based anti-money laundering/counter terrorism (AML/CTF) regulation. We find that the lawyers were reluctant to taking on the responsibility for AML/CTF, and that their front-line work was directed towards being compliant enough. Relatedly, we identify several practices of separation that serve to mediate between the conflicting aims and interests in the everyday of this form of private policing. Another finding is that the lawyers by and large position themselves as knowledgeable actors, and view risks of AML/CTF as knowable. Nevertheless, lawyers experienced a principle clash between being 'not banks', and being front-line workers for FATF. In particular, the lawyers perceived their role as front-line workers to be more complex due to their professional norms and ethics on client privilege, and what they saw as the proper role of lawyers, being in conflict with the obligation to report clients and their transactions. In concluding, we suggest that paying more attention to the everyday experience of front-line workers when devising regulatory tools may be a way to promote engagement in 'true' crime prevention on their part.
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| 8. |
- Ahlberg, Kerstin
(författare)
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Arbetsmarknadens parter försöker sluta avtal om europeiska företagsråd?
- 2008
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Ingår i: EU & arbetsrätt. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kommer Europafacket och de europeiska arbetsgivarorganisationerna BusinessEurope, UEAPME och CEEP att förhandla fram ett avtal med ändringar till direktivet om europeiska företagsråd (94/45)? I varje fall gav arbetsgivarorganisationerna den 2 april ett positivt svar på Europeiska kommissionens förfrågan.
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| 9. |
- Ahlberg, Kerstin
(författare)
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Arbetsmarknadens parter gör upp om europeiska företagsråd
- 2008
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Ingår i: EU & arbetsrätt. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Efter en fnurra på tråden i våras då Europafacket sade nej till arbetsgivarorganisationerna BusinessEuropes, CEEP:s och Ueapmes inbjudan till förhandlingar (se EU & arbetsrätt nr 2/2008 sid 4) överraskade parterna omvärlden i slutet av augusti genom att gemensamt skriva till europeiska kommissionen om vilka ändringar som bör göras i direktivet om europeiska företagsråd (94/45). Det skedde sedan kommissionen lagt fram ett förslag till ändringsdirektiv.
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| 10. |
- Ahlberg, Kerstin
(författare)
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Arbetsmarknadens parter kritiska till svenska Laval-utredningens förslag
- 2008
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Ingår i: EU & arbetsrätt. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Svenska fackföreningar ska även i fortsättningen kunna vidta stridsåtgärder mot företag från andra EES-stater för att dessa ska ge sina utstationerade arbetstagare villkor enligt svenska kollektivavtal. Det föreslår den svenska utredningen om åtgärder med anledning av Laval-domen som överlämnades den 12 december.Uppdraget till utredaren Claes Stråth var att komma med förslag som innebär så små inskränkningar som möjligt i rätten att vidta stridsåtgärder, samtidigt som de respekterar EG-rätten "fullt ut".
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