| 1. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Fjärroperatörens roll och ansvar : Introduktion av en ny rollbesättning i sjöfarten
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet. - Karlskrona : Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapet. - 0040-6945. ; 186:2, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Remote operation of ships is a fundamental concept for the introduction of autonomous shipping. The legal challenges associated with remote operation, despite their crucial importance for the transformation of shipping, have so far received relatively limited attention. The remote operator’s role and responsibilities can be seen as key issues in this context and are discussed and highlighted in this article. A crucial question to clarify from a legal perspective is who or which actor the term remote operator aims at. Also, which tasks and duties do remote operation involve and how does the distribution of these responsibilities look like between different people involved in the operation of a remotely operated ship? Another closely related question in this context is which requirements of competence, skills and training are necessary or relevant for remote operation of a vessel from a remote operation center.These questions are discussed and analysed below. A summary conclusion of the authors is that the introduction of autonomous shipping and remote operation will require a new kind of role set-up and division of labor between the various actors within the shipping industry. This may necessitate the introduction of new legal actors. Also, the legal challenges and the resulting uncertainty need to be addressed at the national level to remove or reduce obstacles to the industry’s development. Thus, a regulatory review is necessary to achieve this purpose.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Joint Action Method against Drink Driving : A Study of Suspected Drink Drivers' Own Experiences
- 2016
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 17:6, s. 558-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, a joint action method called SMADIT is in use, where the police quickly offer help from the social services or the dependency care and treatment service to suspected drink drivers. One conclusion from this paper is that SMADIT, as an innovative method that can be deployed more rapidly than other alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, should be considered as a good complement to conventional methods to deal with drink driving.The objective of this paper is to analyse the experiences of suspected drink drivers who accepted the offer of help, and what it meant for them. To enable comparisons over time, in-depth interviews were conducted with twelve suspected drink drivers on two occasions with one year between.To varying degrees the informants knew about their alcohol problems, but were unsure if they would have sought help by themselves. Therefore, the original ideas of the method with an initial contact with the social services or the dependency care and treatment service within 24 hours, was found to be important. However, the results also showed that some of the informants needed some time before the first meeting as they were in shock from the drink driving incident or in need of sleep.Results also shows that an encouraging attitude among the police, the social services, and the dependency care and treatment service is important for the success of the SMADIT method. The informants are satisfied with the method, and in retrospect the incident and the SMADIT offer of help are described as a turning point in their lives. One year after being offered help the informants had gained insights into the harm they could have done to other road users when they drove while drunk.
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| 3. |
- Nyström, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Degrees of freedom and innovations in construction contracts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 47, s. 119-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DB (Design and build) and DBB (Design-bid-build) represent two different contracting forms in construction. The first provides the contractor degrees of freedom in design, which enables innovation. DBB is the safe and traditional contracting form, where the client is responsible for the design and the contractor builds accordingly. Using a case study approach of five Swedish road construction projects, the present paper compares these contracting forms in terms of innovation. In this, the client's labelling of a contract being DB or DBB is taken at face value. It is established that the actual degrees of freedom for the contractors are highly restricted and that no important difference can be seen between the contracting forms regarding innovation. This implies that it is no reason to expect more innovation simply by labelling contracts as DB. Rational explanations for the usage of DB-contracts with bounds on the degrees of freedom are also suggested. Policy implications for promoting innovation in infrastructure contracting finalise the study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Olykke, Grith Skovgaard, et al.
(författare)
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Defining abnormally low tenders : A comparison between Sweden and Denmark
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Competition Law and Economics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1744-6414 .- 1744-6422. ; 13:4, s. 666-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of an abnormally low tender is not defined in EU public procurement law. This article takes an interdisciplinary law and economics approach to examine a dataset consisting of Swedish and Danish judgments and verdicts concerning the concept of an abnormally low tender. The purpose is to determine how the concept has developed in practice in two Scandinavian countries with similar legal traditions, and whether the national solutions are economically efficient. The data indicate that economic operators use various pricing strategies which may result in tenders being rejected as abnormally low or the awards of contracts to such tenders being contested. The pricing strategies will (over time) result in the contracting authorities paying too high a price and they are, therefore, economically inefficient. It is concluded that diverse solutions to the handling of abnormally low tenders have developed in the two countries and, notably, that the approaches differ with regard to how they treat different pricing strategies. Thus, the solutions are also different in terms of economic efficiency.
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