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- Arvidsson, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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The turn to history in international law and the sources doctrine : Critical approaches and methodological imaginaries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Leiden Journal of International Law. - 0922-1565. ; 33:1, s. 37-56
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expanding now familiar debates about the impact of the 'historical turn' upon the field of international law, this article considers some of the different ways in which 'turn to history' scholars have confronted the methodological and theoretical tensions arising from the central, yet paradoxical, role occupied by the sources doctrine in international law. We suggest that the anxiety over the sources of international law as the basic methodological precepts of the discipline has been a catalyzing element for a radical reengagement with the canon of international law, one with a significant impact on the field's existing parameters and doctrinal limits. Within the three streams of scholarship we explore here, history has become a site of creative engagement for scholars in opening up the discipline to diverse ends, one in which a new doctrinal universe can be created, and new issues, sources, subjects, and approaches can be explored. Yet, by opening up international law's sources doctrine, reactionary causes and unjust ends may equally well be the result. This account is an attempt at diversifying the narrative surrounding the causal relationship between history and the ongoing changes to the field of international law, along with the differential practices, techniques and epistemological foundations behind the history of international law as an evolving discipline, and of the different scholarly motivations of its specialists.
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- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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| 6. |
- Allely, Clare Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Jurors' and Judges' Evaluation of Defendants with Autism and the Impact on Sentencing: A Systematic Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Review of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Courtroom
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Law and Medicine. - 1320-159X. ; 25:1, s. 105-123
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concern has been highlighted in the literature regarding how juries and judges handle cases which involve a defendant with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relatively little research on judicial perceptions or decision-making regarding individuals with ASD indicates that judges have limited understanding and familiarity with high-functioning ASD (hfASD) and ASD. The present systematic review will identify studies which investigate jurors' (eg using mock jurors) and/or judges' evaluations of defendants with ASD and studies which investigate whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Only four studies were identified which investigated jurors' and/or judges' evaluations of a defendant with an ASD or investigated whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Further research is recommended which should include an evaluation of cases involving a defendant with an hfASD or ASD diagnosis comparing charges, pleas entered, procedural adjustments at court, evidence adduced about the defendant's condition, directions to juries, judicial remarks on the evidence (eg summing-up for the jury), verdicts and sentencing. This would enable the assessment of the specific offending behaviour and disorder of the defendant, and how these may be relevant to their mental capacity and culpability.
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| 7. |
- Georgi, Richard, 1987
(författare)
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Postcolonial and decolonial differences. Do Prefixes Matter?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Rewriting Peace & Conflict. Virtual Encyclopaedia.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amid the academic enthusiasm for adopting new trends and ‘turns’, it is crucial to examine the actual distinctions between postcolonial and decolonial perspectives and to consider the significance of these differences. This lemma aims to address these questions by critically engaging with key arguments presented by decolonial scholars in relation to how their work diverges from postcolonial viewpoints. I argue that it is important to pay attention to the critical debates ignited by the ‘decolonial turn’, while avoiding the pitfalls represented by buzzwords and strawman arguments. Furthermore, I illustrate constructive differences between postcolonial and decolonial writings within the field of peace and conflict studies.
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| 10. |
- Rafaly, Vonintsoa, 1989
(författare)
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Coastal States Jurisdiction in the EEZ under UNCLOS: Focus on Marine Pollution from Ships Emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annuaire de Droit Maritime et Océanique. - 1259-4962. ; XXXIX, s. 101-120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine pollution from ship emissions raised increase awareness regarding its relation to climate change issues. Attempts have been made to reduce and control such type of pollution, by the development of the law of the sea and maritime law through the work of the IMO, and international rules and standards regarding climate change mitigation. However, these regulations made a distinction between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and non-greenhouse gas (non-GHG) emissions. Non-GHGs pollutants are considered as having an impact on coastal air quality and coastal community health, considering the fact that almost 70 per cent of ship emissions are emitted within 400 km of the coast. Flag state and port state jurisdiction were considered as the best mean to reduce and control non-GHGs emissions from ships, by implementing and enforcing international rules and standards. What is the role of coastal states in that matter and what are the alternative actions for those states, directly affected to this type of pollution, to implement and enforce these rules and standards, namely if the pollution occurs in their EEZ? This study will explore different alternatives regarding jurisdictional rules under UNCLOS and technical rules under the MARPOL Convention framework.
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