| 1. |
- Hydén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The Concept of Norms in Sociology of Law
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contributions in Sociology of Law: remarks from a Swedish Horizon. - 1403-7246. ; 53, s. 15-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this article is to propose a method for creating a more coherent concept of norms – and to deliver a tentative and open suggestion on how to define norms in a way that might fit into the context of Sociology of Law (further on shortened, SoL). The idea is that the norm concept can be chiselled out through ontological analysis, and that this analysis can be conducted in a way that allow every aspects of the norm concept to be scrutinized separately. The result will in the best case scenario be a kind of ‘open source’ construction where every individual research project can formulate its view of the common concept. The suggested ontological analysis is mainly founded on The Aristotelian concepts of ‘essence’ and ‘accident’. Thus the method is concerned with distinguishing between norm attributes that lie in their (the norms’) nature (collectively they form the definition) and other attributes (that are essential for the categorisation of norms).
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| 2. |
- Hydén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation between norms and legal rules
- 2011
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Ingår i: Norms between law and society. Lund Studies in Sociology of Law.. - 1403-7246. - 9172673303 ; , s. 11-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Börrefors, Johanna, 1973-
(författare)
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En essä om estetisk efterrättelse
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Meads centrala påstående var att medvetandet uppstår mellan människor. Det individuella subjektet framträder därmed som en effekt. Jag har lyft fram det faktum att Miget - agenten snarare än subjektet - föregår och ingår i den sociala interaktionen. I och med det föregår Miget subjekt/objekt distinktionen vilken blir relevant först när interaktionen är en realitet. Den biologiska organismen, kroppen (i interaktion) föregår alltså medvetandet. Miget som kropp och organism betonas i avhandlingen för att tydliggöra den skillnad som föreligger mellan Mig och Jag. Jaget som bild och reflektion är, som vi har sett, något annat än det faktiska agerandet. Sören Kierkegaards skillnad mellan lidelse (det genuina engagemanget) och reflektion (det beräknande och överlagda) - där lidelsen förutsatte det djupaste deltagande och reflektionen distans - har fungerat som en parallell. Jaget är den envisa försanthållaren av den estetiska efterrättelsen, det lidelsefulla deltagandets absoluta motpol, i en mening tomt. Detta behov av att identifiera sig själv som något kan ses som ett sätt att - med formen som utgångspunkt - sträcka sig efter gemenskap men också som ett sätt att hålla livet - innehållet - på avstånd. Den metaforblinde estetikern uppfattar eller erkänner inte representationen som en representation, att Jaget är det representerade Självet och inte Självet. Estetisk efterrättelse utgår från klyftan - mellan Miget och Jaget - i den meningen att skillnaden mellan objektet och bilden av det (eftersträvansvärda) ignoreras. Att legitimera en gestaltning är alltså inte detsamma som att verifiera ett sakläge. Jean-Paul Sartre nämndes som exempel. Som barn tycks han ha likställt sig fullt ut med en generaliserad andre. Sartre var enbart Jag, spegelbilden av andras tankar om honom. Hur vida det var omgivningen, situationerna eller tingen som fordrade estetisk efterrättelse av Sartre är oklart, klart är att det var svårt för honom att inte tillmötesgå kraven eftersom hans eget värde var underordnat dem. Operativsystemet GNU/Linux har fungerat som parallell: operativsystemet GNU/Linux kontra tecknet GNU/Linux. Jag har lyft fram estetisk efterrättelse som en infallsvinkel på normer. Med socialpsykologins perspektiv har jag ringat in problematiken. Symbolmiljön - med sitt språk- och skådespel - har fungerat som en skärningspunkt mellan individ och samhälle, detta föränderliga fokus med sin individuella motsvarighet i förhållandet mellan Jaget - som en generaliserad andre - och Miget, existensen. En symbolmiljö består av gemensamma nämnare vari samma sociala verklighet råder. Värdeomdömen framstår där som objektiva. Att tillägna sig en symbolmiljö - ett förhållningssätt - är ungefär detsamma som att navigera efter ett slags yttre ”kompass”. Den yttre kompassen anger hur vi bör vara, bete oss, vad vi bör leta efter och hur vi bör betrakta det vi ser. Också ramnormsystemet får sin betydelse härigenom. Antingen överensstämmer andra genom sina ting och gester med ens egen symbolmiljö eller också inte. Människan kan rent av sägas stå - och falla - med de associationer hon ger upphov till hos mottagaren. Estetisk efterrättelse är form framför innehåll, en bild uppbyggd av symboler i den meningen att man inte vill associeras med något som man inte också kan identifiera sig med.
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| 5. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessing water through a rights-based approach : problems and prospects regarding children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 14:2, s. 298-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The right to water has been recently recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations, thereby clarifying its status as 'legally binding', making it 'justiciable' and enforceable. This development has been heralded as a key that holds great potential to change the lives of the billions who still lack access to clean water. Many of those deprived of enjoyment of the right are children, who constitute up to a third of the population in the developing world. What is the value added of the rights-based approach for access to water, especially for children? Would recognition of the right to water as legally binding deliver real benefits to children in improving their access to water? Does it really offer anything new that can help them realize their right to water more effectively? These questions will be explored in this paper using empirical evidence from India, where water has been legally interpreted as a fundamental right, and as a welfare state, where there has been consistent effort on part of the state to improve children's access to water.
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| 6. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s right to water as a contested domain : Gendered reflections from India
- 2008
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Ingår i: Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1011-6370 .- 1461-7072. ; 51:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nandita Singh and her colleagues look at children's right to water in India. They argue for the exercise of the right by children by analyzing the universal normative-legal framework and its difference to the local socio-culturally defined framework. They suggest that defining problems and designing actions only within the normative-legal framework can obscure understanding the critical realities at the right-holders' end. They suggest that interventions at various levels, such as through policy and targeted programmes, have at best provided an ‘enabling environment’, but the process of implementation of children's rights at the right-holders' end is to date an incomplete socio-cultural process.
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| 7. |
- SINGH, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and water from a human rights perspective : The role of context in translating international norms into local action
- 2008
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Ingår i: Rural Society. - : e-Content Management. - 1037-1656 .- 2204-0536. ; 18:3, s. 185-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important area in the discourse on gender and water is water supply where women are seen as the key actors and beneficiaries. A human rights approach to development has been adopted with access to safe water explicitly recognized as a basic human right. This right places a legal obligation upon governments to translate the international norms into practice.But does explicitly acknowledging the human right to water make a practical difference in women's lives? Using an actor-oriented perspective, this paper analyzes how the international legal norms for realization of the right get reconstructed in local communities where women are the right holders. The empirical data for the analysis will be drawn from a first-hand qualitative study in rural India.The findings of the study show how the socio-cultural matrix provides the environment for implementing the right and determines its equitable and effective exercise by women.
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| 8. |
- Woodlock, John, et al.
(författare)
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(f)Lex avionica; How soft law serves as an instrumental mediator between professional norms and the hard law regulation of European civil aviation maintenance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 121, s. 54-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of safety in civil aviation in Europe has become subject to a process of juridification. The role of law in the pro-active perspective of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) governance, requires understanding how hard law and soft law interact. The rationality of regulatory systems can be regarded as the normative core from which different normative claims (norms) are deduced depending on the conditions applying to particular domains. Safety surrounding aviation professionals’ work practices is one such condition where the influential ‘knowledge society’ of safety science focuses on risk and human error in aviation. This article addresses the safety scholarship behind occurrence reporting and the ‘just culture’ concept which have arguably shaped the content and form of current civil aviation regulation in Europe. The article points to the flexible utilization of hard and soft law in aviation which innovatively upholds the market based core rationality of the European Union.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bashitialshaaer, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Global Norms for Public Acceptance for Desalination and Water Ruse
- 2011
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Ingår i: Norms between law and society - A collection of Essys from Doctorates from Different Academic Subjects and Different Parts of the World. - 9172673303 ; 37, s. 41-62
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Desalting technologies and fresh water production has been developed over the years, including primarily thermal and membrane processes. Five different types of desalination technology were studied and compared for long-term of use namely, thermal processes include multistage flash evaporation (MSF), multiple effect evaporation (ME), and vapor compression (VC) and membrane processes contain reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED). Among these technologies, six different input water sources were also used and studied for each of the processes mentioned above and namely seawater, brackish water, wastewater, rivers, brine and pure water as the only solution of fresh water in some countries. Wastewater in most countries is being more and more recognized as of vital importance to be treated and made safe for reuse. Treated wastewater is used directly in irrigation of farms or landscape green areas. This paper gives an overview of the existing practices of wastewater reuse and of the constraints facing it. It concludes with recommendations and policy options that are likely to lift these constraints and to make a better use of the wastewater potential. It is observed that wastewater reuse amount is approximately counted 5% over the last 30 year. Brine discharge will increase the salinities of the Arabian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea, with respectively some extra 2.24, 0.81 and 1.16 g/l in the year 2050. Desalination has advantages and disadvantages which may depend on the region, location, technology, impact and amount of fresh water production. For example, chemicals added in the pre-treatment stages could harm the fish production as well as the marine life in general. The content of nutrients in wastewater is positive for irrigation but with only secondary treatment problems like eutrophication in the Gulf may be increased if the exchange of water is low. Public acceptance is often seen as a key reason why water-recycling technology is (accepted or) rejected. Unclear polices, institutional conflicts and lack of regulatory frameworks constitute other important constraints that hinder implementation and proper operation of wastewater reuse projects. A common assumption is that projects fail because the general public is unable to comprehend specialist information about risk and the belief that if the public were better informed, they would accept change more readily. Achieving sustainable water use through recycling may require better coordination between agencies and integrated government policies.
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