| 1. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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“We passed the trust on” : Strategies for security in #MeToo activism in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: ECSCW 2019 - Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET). - 2510-2591.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The #metoo movement can serve as a case for how networked online environments can provide settings for the mobilization of social movements, while also entail serious risks for those involved. In Sweden, over hundred thousand people were engaged in activities against sexual harassments and abuse, where social media were used to collect testimonies and to draft and discuss petitions that were later published in print news media. While HCI research on trust focus on how people trust technical systems, the authorities behind the system, or the user generated data, trust between peers in vulnerable communities is less researched. In this study, based on semi-structured interviews and a survey that involved 62 organizers of the Swedish #metoo movement, we therefore look into the question of how a secure and supportive environment was achieved among participants despite the scale of the activism. The result shows how trust was aggregated over networks of technical systems, institutions, people, shared values and practices. The organizers of the petitions used tools and channels at their disposal such as e.g. already established social media contexts that enabled the #metoo petitions to be formed easily and spread quickly. Establishing a supportive culture based on recognition and shared values was central for the movement. However, when the activism was scaled up, strategies were used to increase security by clarifying rules and roles, limiting access to information, restricting access to groups, and limiting the scope of communication.
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| 2. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Philosophy and Methodology of Information: The Study of Information in the Transdisciplinary Perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Philosophy And Methodology Of Information: The Study Of Information In The Transdisciplinary Perspective. - Singapore : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277526
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book gives up-to-date, multi-aspect exposition of the philosophy and methodology of information, and related areas within the nascent field of the study of information. It presents the most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain, as well as from physicists, biologists and social scientists. Collaboration of researchers from different areas and fields opens new perspectives for the understanding of information essential in the innovative development of science, technology and society. The book is meant for readers conducting research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology. The ideas presented give new insights for those who develop or implement scientific, technological or social applications. They are especially for those who are participating in setting the goals for science in general and sciences of information in particular.
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| 3. |
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Theoretical Information Studies : Information In The World
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first attempt to delineate the synthetic field of the theoretical study of information, treating information as the basic phenomenon on the fundamental level of the world, encompassing nature, technology, individuals and society. The exploration of information is done within Info-computational approaches, to natural and social phenomena such as Bioinformatics, Information Physics, Informational Chemistry, Computational Physics, Cognitive and Social sciences, with special emphasis on interdisciplinary, crossdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. The book presents results of collaboration across research fields within info-computational and info-structural frameworks, in attempt to better theoretically and conceptually capture the phenomenon of information and its dynamics (such as computation and communication), as they appear on different levels of organization, on different scales and in different contexts.
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| 4. |
- Samuelsson, Robin, 1985-
(författare)
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Play, Culture and Learning : Studies of Second-Language and Conceptual Development in Swedish Preschools
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies how second-language and conceptual development emerge through interactions in Swedish preschool environments. It studies how types of interaction, such as play, can scaffold children toward such developments.The studies view interaction as multimodal and embodied and it is examined how children come to use and develop their second language or understanding of abstract concepts, through a range of communicative means other than language.The data collection has been carried out in two separate periods. The first field-work followed two newcomer children developing a second language and the second field-work was conducted with a group of children during a project about spinning.The results concerning second-language development show how children can engage in play activity even before they share a common language, and that this can be afforded by the character of play activity as based on rules and tacit understanding of relevant cultural patterns. Teachers also engage in so called guided play, that affords scaffolding for children. Play activities in the preschool function as an arena for children to interact, imitate the cultural rules and patterns around them and emergingly use their second language. Moreover, the preschools are structured for children’s participation through their cultural pattern and imitable structures, and that these affordances can be used by children in their play.The results concerning conceptual development builds on the notion that children develop in relation with cultural tools and artefacts and that this is a highly perceptual and embodied process. It is exemplified how preschool’s provide environment and activities that can afford conceptual development, not least through use of digital tools, which also allows teachers to appropriate children’s play worlds to a pedagogical project. The teacher’s scaffolding interactions and use of the affordances of tools and the environment enable children to reason about the concepts in more conceptually conscious ways.The overall conclusions of the thesis point to the importance of non-verbal and environmental resources in children’s development of a second language and abstract concepts. On these grounds, the thesis suggests a novel way to view scaffolding, by including the environmental affordances to this otherwise social process.
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| 5. |
- Wilder, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Professionals’ and parents’ shared learning in blended learning networks related to communication and augmentative and alternative communication for people with severe disabilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 30:3, s. 367-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with severe disabilities (SD) communicate in complex ways, and their teachers, parents and other involved professionals find it difficult to gain knowledge and share their experiences regarding the person with SD’s communication methods. The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of how parents and professionals share learning about communication and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for people with SD by participating in blended learning networks (BLNs). Thirty-six parents and professionals participated in online web-based BLNs according to a prepared format; four groups were formed, and all of the groups participated in four discussion sessions and an evaluation session. Detailed minutes from the 16 BLN sessions, an evaluation session and course evaluation data were thematically analysed. The theoretical frameworks were different perspectives on disability within communication research and special education research, and theories about shared learning in networks. The analyses revealed themes that focused on communication partners’ knowledge, attitudes and strategies regarding communicating with people with SD; the importance and power of using multimodal AAC; and the universality, user-friendliness and empowering aspects of iPads and apps. The findings suggest that participants perceive communication and AAC with people with SD from relational, dialogical and interactional perspectives, whereas the categorical perspective was less pronounced. In accordance with other professional competence research, the use of online web-based BLNs with mixed groups that was described in this paper yielded positive evaluations from the participants. The opportunity for meeting others involved in caring for people with SD, the actual blended groups and the sharing of technology and AAC experiences in particular were highlighted.
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| 6. |
- Schroeder, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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Conference: Morphological, Natural, Analog and Other Unconventional Forms of Computing for Cognition and Intelligence, Berkeley 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. - 2504-3900. ; 47:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The leading theme of the 2019 Summit of International Society for the Study of Information held 2–6 June 2019 at The University of California at Berkeley was the question “Where is the I in AI and the meaning of Information?” The question addresses one of the central issues not only for scientific research and philosophical reflection, but also for technological, economic, and social practice. The Conference “Morphological, Natural, Analog, and Other Unconventional Forms of Computing for Cognition and Intelligence” (MORCOM 2019) was focused on this theme from the perspective of unconventional forms of computing. The present paper, written by the organizers of the conference, reports the objectives of MORCOM 2019 and provides an overview of the contributions.
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| 7. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Recent books delineating the emergent academic filed of the Study of Information
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. - 2504-3900. ; 47:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the imperative tasks of theoretical information studies is exploration of methods and techniques of presentation of information. In this article, we study the presentation of information in the following three books describing the results of the collaboration of researchers with the goal of defining the emergent filed of the Study of Information: Philosophy and Methodology of Information: The Study of Information in a Transdisciplinary Perspective (2019), Theoretical Information Studies: Information in the World (2020) and Information and Computation (2011), published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Series in Information Studies.
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| 8. |
- Holstein, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world ethics for self-driving cars
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 328-329, s. 328-329
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of selfdriving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineeringethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problemsare typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvabledecision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead,we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethicsof complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays acrucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineeringsolutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. Wetake a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,and implementations of components, systems, and services and wepresent practical social and ethical challenges that must be met inthe ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving carswhich implies novel expectations for software engineering in theautomotive industry.
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| 9. |
- Breidegard, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Enlightened: The art of finger reading
- 2008
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Ingår i: Studia Linguistica. - : Wiley. - 1467-9582 .- 0039-3193. ; 62:3, s. 249-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For some forty years the eye-tracking technology has facilitated the study of eye movement patterns for sighted people during reading and other visual activities. Today – a newly developed automatic finger tracking system makes it possible to reconstruct blind people’s tactile reading in real time and to automatically analyze finger movements during Braille text reading and tactile picture recognition. In this case study, the very first automatic finger tracking system is presented together with results indicating how Braille readers can increase awareness of their own reading styles. This opens up for future Braille education to become more evidence-based and, at the same time, for a new research field: contrastive studies of language in its auditory, visual and tactile manifestations.
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| 10. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Discussion on the Relationship between Computation, Information, Cognition, and Their Embodiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI AG. - 1099-4300. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the proponent (GDC) introduces the info-computational framework as a naturalistic model of embodied, embedded, and enacted cognition. Next, objections are raised by the critic (MM) from the point of view of the new mechanistic approach to explanation. Subsequently, the proponent and the critic provide their replies. The conclusion is that there is a fundamental role for computation, understood as information processing, in the understanding of embodied cognition.
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