| 1. |
- Placido da Conceicao, Vitor Fernando, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
The Anchoring Effect of Technology in Navigation Teams
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030509422 ; 1212 AISC, s. 436-443
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern technology revolutionised marine navigation, reducing errors and increasing navigation safety. However, the same technology has been associated with critical accidents and navigators’ errors. On the other hand, expert mariners have proved to manage complex situations, adapting to unforeseen events successfully. To better understand the effects of new technologies and how work is currently done, the Portuguese navy promoted a study about navigation team performance. The results suggest that navigation technology appears to have a strong anchoring effect on team activity. While sensemaking and intuitive judgements complement the shortfalls of the decision support system (DSS), it was found that the combination of high automation influence with lack of coordination leads to a collaborative biased perception of the situation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Fit-for-duty test for estimation of drivers sleepiness level: Eye movements improve the sleep/wake predictor
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Elsevier. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 26, s. 20-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver sleepiness contributes to a considerable proportion of road accidents, and a fit-for-duty test able to measure a drivers sleepiness level might improve traffic safety. The aim of this study was to develop a fit-for-duty test based on eye movement measurements and on the sleep/wake predictor model (SWP, which predicts the sleepiness level) and evaluate the ability to predict severe sleepiness during real road driving. Twenty-four drivers participated in an experimental study which took place partly in the laboratory, where the fit-for-duty data were acquired, and partly on the road, where the drivers sleepiness was assessed. A series of four measurements were conducted over a 24-h period during different stages of sleepiness. Two separate analyses were performed; a variance analysis and a feature selection followed by classification analysis. In the first analysis it was found that the SWP and several eye movement features involving anti-saccades, pro-saccades, smooth pursuit, pupillometry and fixation stability varied significantly with different stages of sleep deprivation. In the second analysis, a feature set was determined based on floating forward selection. The correlation coefficient between a linear combination of the acquired features and subjective sleepiness (Karolinska sleepiness scale, KSS) was found to be R = 0.73 and the correct classification rate of drivers who reached high levels of sleepiness (KSS andgt;= 8) in the subsequent driving session was 82.4% (sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 84.2% and AUC = 0.86). Future improvements of a fit-for-duty test should focus on how to account for individual differences and situational/contextual factors in the test, and whether it is possible to maintain high sensitive/specificity with a shorter test that can be used in a real-life environment, e.g. on professional drivers.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Using operational scenarios in a virtual reality enhanced design process
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-7102. ; 11:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime user interfaces for ships’ bridges are highly dependent on the context in which they are used, and rich maritime context is difficult to recreate in the early stages of user-centered design processes. Operations in Arctic waters where crews are faced with extreme environmental conditions, technology limitations and a lack of accurate navigational information further increase this challenge. There is a lack of research supporting the user-centered design of workplaces for hazardous Arctic operations. To meet this challenge, this paper reports on the process of developing virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios to connect stakeholders, end-users, designers, and human factors specialists in a joint process. This paper explores how virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios can be used as a tool both for concept development and user testing. Three operational scenarios were developed, implemented in a full mission bridge simulator, recreated in virtual reality (VR), and finally tested on navigators (end-users). Qualitative data were captured throughout the design process and user-testing, resulting in a thematic analysis that identified common themes reflecting the experiences gained throughout this process. In conclusion, we argue that operational scenarios, rendered in immersive media such as VR, may be an important and reusable asset when supporting maritime design processes and in maritime training and education.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Driver reactions to horn and headlight warnings in critical situations : A simulator study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a driving simulator study on driving behavior in a critical head-on collision scenario. The study aims at providing basic understanding of driver responses to headlight and horn warning coming from another vehicle a time critical situation. In total, 48 participants drove 30 km. During the drive participants performed a secondary task, announced by a vibration in the seat. At the time of the secondary task the own vehicle was directed into the opposing lane where oncoming simulated vehicles issued a light and/or sound warnings to get the drivers attention. An additional purpose of the study was to examine if the warning coming from the other vehicle has a different effect on persons with a hearing loss. A possible application for this type of warnings is the implementation of a system for automatic activation. Systems for automatic activation of brakes and steering are currently entering the market. These systems use proximity sensors to monitor the state of surrounding road users. Depending on the specific situation the effort/possibility to avoid or mitigate an accident may differ significantly between the principle road users of a pending collision, e.g. one road user (1) may easily avoid a collision while another (2) may not be able to do so. The only possibility for the second road user (2) to avoid a collision in such a situation is to issue a warning to the first (1), so that he/she may take evasive actions. Connecting the horn and the headlight to already existing sensor system, for automatic warning activation, is a cost effective means to provide such a warning. The warnings, could of course, also be triggered manually by the driver.The results indicate that a driver who receives a warning from the oncoming vehicle responds faster to avoid the pending frontal collision. The most effective warning was the combination of horn and headlight. A majority of the participants where positive to the notion of an automated system to provide this type of warning (n=41). No significant difference in the behavior between the groups with and without hearing loss was found in this study.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nygårdhs, Sara, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bicyclists' adaptation strategies when interacting with text messages in urban environments
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : SPRINGER LONDON LTD. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 20:3, s. 377-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclists' use of mobile phones in traffic has typically been studied in controlled experiments. How cyclists adapt their behaviour when they are not limited to a certain set of behaviours has not been investigated to any large extent. The aims of this study are to explore how cyclists adapt when texting and listening to music in a complex urban environment, and if they compensate sufficiently to maintain safe traffic behaviour. Forty-one cyclists participated in a semi-controlled study, using their own bike and smartphone in real traffic. They were equipped with eye tracking glasses and travelled two laps completing a total of 6 km divided into six segments. For one of the laps, the cyclists were requested to listen to music. On three occasions, they received a text message to their phone, which they were supposed to handle as they normally would when cycling. Static minimum required attention measures were used to examine the influence on attention. The results show that listening to music while cycling did not affect workload, speed, SMS interaction or attention. Seven different adaptation behaviours were identified when the cyclists dealt with received text messages. One-fourth of the text messages were replied to while cycling. In general, the cyclists manage to integrate SMS interactions with their cycling behaviour. Nevertheless, there were two occasions when basic attention criteria were violated while texting, which motivate further studies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Paulsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Seeing into the future of mobility : the contestable value of expert knowledge and Delphi as futures methods
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications for Mobilities. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 282-291
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobilities studies discuss the future in numerous ways, but many times only implicitly. The aim of this chapter is to further explicitly link mobilities studies and future studies, which is achieved by introducing the Delphi method and two cases applying the method and discussing potential use, advantages and disadvantages. The Delphi method was developed in the 1950s and is characterized by asking experts through controlled iteration processes. In conclusion, we suggest that, owing to changed mobility trends, it is probably more important than ever for mobility studies to increasingly learn from methods of future studies both from experts and overall citizens. The Delphi method represents one possibility.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rauniomaa, Mirka, et al.
(författare)
-
Parsing tasks for the mobile novice in real time : Orientation to the learner's actions and to spatial and temporal constraints in instructing-on-the-move
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 128, s. 30-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies parsing as a practice used in mobile instruction. The findings build on ethnomethodological conversation analysis and on observations made on video data that have been collected from three settings: skiing, driving a car and flying a plane. In the data, novice learners are instructed by more experienced instructors to accomplish various mobile tasks. The paper shows how instructors use parsing to guide learners to carry out, step-by-step, the sub-actions that the ongoing mobile task (e.g. turning, landing) is composed of. The paper argues that parsing is a practice employed by instructors to highlight the sub-actions of a mobile task. Instructors may also use parsing to orient learners to emergent problems to do with the timing, quality and order of the sub-actions in the performance of a complex mobile task. Finally, the paper shows that sometimes there is not enough time to parse an ongoing task, in which case the parsing can be carried out afterwards.
|
|
| 8. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hearing loss and a supportive tactile signal in a navigation system : Effects on driving behavior and eye movements
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eye Movement Research. - : INT GROUP EYE MOVEMENT RESEARCH. - 1995-8692. ; 6:5, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An on-road study was conducted to evaluate a complementary tactile navigation signal on driving behaviour and eye movements for drivers with hearing loss (HL) compared to drivers with normal hearing (NH). 32 participants (16 HL and 16 NH) performed two preprogrammed navigation tasks. In one, participants received only visual information, while the other also included a vibration in the seat to guide them in the correct direction. SMI glasses were used for eye tracking, recording the point of gaze within the scene. Analysis was performed on predefined regions. A questionnaire examined participant's experience of the navigation systems. Hearing loss was associated with lower speed, higher satisfaction with the tactile signal and more glances in the rear view mirror. Additionally, tactile support led to less time spent viewing the navigation display.
|
|
| 9. |
- Weibull, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Svenska bilförares användning av navigationstjänster : en förstudie
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots att en stor andel av svenska bilförare använder digitalt navigationsstöd finns lite kunskap om när, var, hur och hur mycket navigationstjänster används. Syftet med den här förstudien var att undersöka hur svenska bilister använder sig av navigationstjänster. För att skapa en första bild av förares användning av navigationstjänster genomfördes separata intervjuer med en lastbilschaufför, en brandman och en privatbilist. Resultaten av intervjuerna visar att förarna i väldigt hög utsträckning använder navigationstjänster. En enkät gick också ut till svenska bilförare via sociala medier. Totalt 1 890 enkätsvar kom in. Resultaten från enkätstudien visar att en stor majoritet av bilförare har erfarenhet av att använda navigationstjänster. Vanligast är att man använder en navigationsapp i sin mobiltelefon. Navigationstjänster används främst på okända vägar där man inte har så god lokalkännedom, vid längre resor och på sällanresor. Tilliten till information om plötsligt uppkomna hinder och trafikrisker (t.ex. trafikolyckor) via navigationstjänsten är låg, väsentligt lägre än den information som finns via polisman, digitala vägskyltar och radiosändning. Bilförarna uppgav att de anser att information om omledning av trafik samt avstängd väg är viktigast. Den trafikinformation som bilisterna tycker är viktigast (omledning av trafik, avstängd väg), samt det som flest nås av (trafikkameror, vägarbete) bör prioriteras vid Trafikverkets tillhandahållande av trafikinformation.
|
|
