| 1. |
- Kyhlbäck, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Replace an Old Functioning Information System with a New One-What Does it Take?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Advances in Health Informatics and Electronic Healthcare Applications. - Hershey - New York : Medical Information Science Reference. - 9781605660301
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter addresses a problem that is often experienced when ICT systems are being implemented in a work practice. Posed as a question, it might be formulated like this: What does it take to replace an old functioning information system with a new one? Findings are grounded on a long-term case study at a community elder care. Chapter used the Development Work Research (DWR) approach that is an interventionist methodology comprising ethnography as well as design experiment. During the case study, a new digital case book for the community wound care was developed. However, as it turned out, the nurses´ established practice favored the old-fashioned mobile information system. First conclusion of this chapter is that an old-fashioned information system within health care work will not successfully be replaced by a new one, unless the new is better “as a whole”, that is, better supports work practices of a range of occupational and professional workers. Second conclusion is that when designing information system for the public sector, system designers will almost always face dilemmas based on a contradiction between central, high level interest and local level work-practice perspectives. The third conclusion is that in order to succeed in the design of new information and communication system, the distinctive features of the work activities in question have to be delineated by ethnographic studies, and taken into consideration in the design process.
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| 2. |
- Kyhlbäck, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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What does it take to replace an old functioning information system with a new one? : A case study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD. - 1386-5056. ; 76, s. S149-S158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first claim we make in the paper is that an old-fashioned information system within health care work will not successfully be replaced by a new one, unless the new is better “as a whole”, that is, better supports work practices of a range of occupational and professional workers. The second claim is that the dilemmas system designers almost always will face when designing information system for the public sector is based on a contradiction between central, high level interest and a local level work-practice perspective. If the discontinuities in the design activity can be exposed and analyzed a better match to the socio-technical system as constituted by the work practice in question will be accomplished. We underpin our arguments and relate them to a case study of municipal wound care work. Our study reveals that work practice of the municipal nurses is characterized by three distinctive features: High mobility, the need for face-to-face interaction in different locations, and a great variety of artefact usage. Finally we suggest a methodology that might help system designers to get a better understanding of what socio-technical system they are supposed to further develop.
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| 3. |
- Kyhlbäck, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Who is involved in HCI design? : an activity theoretical perspective
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to discuss the conception of design in the field of human-computer interaction. From an activity-theory perspective, three aspects of design issues in HCI are stressed. They are, first, a broader conception of what it means to design and which artefacts are to be designed; second, a more molar unit of analysis than merely the design of the computer system, including an extended time frame for the design process; and, third, taking designers most often neglected, namely the practitioner, seriously. Our method is to take a detailed case study as our point of departure, where the case begets the concepts, and at the same time works as a test bench for the generated ideas. Thus, methodologically we ask what a detailed case might tell about design related to HCI.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Monica E, et al.
(författare)
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Femte Dimensionen : en lärmodell som förenar forskning, utbildning och "tredje uppgiften".
- 2002
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Ingår i: Interaktiv forskning. - Stockholm : Arbetslivsinstitutet. - 9170456372 ; , s. 135-148
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ett exempel på nya samarbetsformer mellan högskola och det omgivande samhället kallad "Femte Dimensionen" redovisas. Poängen är att den så kallade tredje uppgiften inte är något vid sidan av forskning och undervisning, utan är något integrerat, något som kan berika såväl undervisning som forskning.
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| 5. |
- Sutter, Berthel
(författare)
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A CHAT approach to "networked learning"
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- : The poster presentation comprises two parts. The first part - a cultural-historical activity-theory (CHAT) exploration of the concept of “networked learning” – is the paper display seen here. The second part is a computer presentation of a case of “networked learning” – the Ronneby version of the Fifth Dimension approach to learning
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| 6. |
- Sutter, Berthel
(författare)
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How to analyze and promote developmental activity research?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Theory & psychology. - : Sage. - 0959-3543 .- 1461-7447. ; 21:5, s. 697-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on critical readings of the three main contributions of the special issue and on my own research experiences, the article points out three related features of developmental activity research projects as particularly challenging for the analysis and advancement of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). One feature is the nature of the joint developmental project. A second feature is the researchers' role in the joint developmental activity. The third feature is the focus on the transformations of the central artifacts that make up the joint project. Finally, with departure from the stance that developmental activity research projects are propelled by two kinds of practitioners-the practitioners of research and the practitioners of another activity-which may support each other not only in practical matters but also with regard to concepts and perspectives, I consider advancement of CHAT methodology by outlining a beyond-interventionist methodology.
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| 7. |
- Sutter, Berthel
(författare)
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Instruction at heart. Activity-theoretical studies of learning and development in coronary clinical work
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to study the role of instruction in the interconnection of instruction-learning-development. The thesis consists of six empirical papers and a summing-up and perspectivizing introductory paper. Five of the empirical studies concern so called heart conferences, clinical diagnostic meetings, which at the time of my study, 1995-1996, were arranged as telemediated conferences between a sub-team of surgeons and radiologists in a university clinic, and a sub-team of cardiologists and radiologists in a regional hospital. The outcome of the coronary diagnostic work in the heart conferences was patient diagnoses and decided-upon treatment (surgery, balloon dilatation, or conservative treatment). The sixth empirical study, conducted in the autumn 2000, investigates the design and redesign of a central artifact used in the heart conference, ?the angio film,? produced in the angio lab. A recurrent theme in the empirical papers is whether artifacts might be instructive and, if so, in what ways. The introductory paper is a hybrid between an ordinary summing-up paper of the findings in the empirical studies, and a perspectivizing presentation of activity-theoretical approaches to instruction, learning and development, elaborating on three basic aspects (learning as a collaborative phenomenon, the instructiveness of artifacts, and the relation between learning and development on an individual level, but primarily on an activity level). In conclusion, my study outlines an approach to learning based on new perspectives on instruction.
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| 8. |
- Sutter, Berthel
(författare)
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Taking artefacts seriously. A case of angio diagnostics
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the CHAT community there is an ongoing discussion about the concept of activity (Gegenständliche Tätigkeit). How is activity to be understood, what are its core related concepts, how to delimit it, what is its ”unit” and its relations to actions and strings of actions, is it applicable to individuals as well as collectives - these are some of the questions posed and debated. The paper is intended as a contribution to this discussion on activity. My entrance to the discussion will be to focus on how artefacts are transformed in the course of collaborative work at an angio clinic. Thus, in the paper my practical point of departure is a detailed empirical case of the construction and use of a central artefact at clinical coronary diagnostic work. The artefact is called angiography (”angio” in everyday talk of the participants). The angio is an x-ray based visualization of the coronaries as the outcome of the injection of a radiopaque substance. The angio is constructed in several steps. First, a digital computer-based representation is constructed, then it is reconstructed, added on, and transformed into paper format. It is (re)designed for several situations and audiences, for individual and joint consultations. The case I will present accounts for the full cycle of the patient angiography, from its production and uses until the patient is considered having got a final diagnosis and a treatment recommendation. A predominant theme of CHAT discussions about the motivating role of the object of activity has been the motive of the individual. This is a legitimate psychological perspective. As I grasp it, it is a stance that takes precautions to preserve the individual subject´s role in activities, putting agency in individual subjects and not in ”systems” of any kind. My perspective will be different. The focus is the object of activity as a motive of the collaborative work. It is a motive guiding the overall work process, ”keeping the activity of work together” so to say. I take for granted that this overall motivation, related to the object of work, ”in some way” influences the participants individual motivations as well. (I do not address how this works.) Agency is about actions of human beings. However, in the paper I argue that it is reasonable to talk about agency related not only to live actions, but to ”fossiled” human activity as well. At least, there is a potential agency-character in artefacts (”by the agency of”). This is a corollary to the artefact-mediatedness of activities. By the agency of certain artefacts, some activities are being enabled. Without earlier generations´ generating of artefacts that we now can use, today´s activities wouldn´t exist. A major argument in the paper is that artefacts are instructive, and that they are instructive because they are made instructive. There is a stamp of human activity on artefacts, a stamp that is recognizeble as distinctively human. (This is the ”ideal object”, in my reading of Ilyenkov, an ”ideality” that is ”built-in” into every artefact.) The core of the work activity at the angio lab can be described as the design and redesign of angio graphic artefacts. In other words, in their work practice the Thorax team has to take, and takes, artefacts seriously. I suggest that we as researchers of their labor have to do the same thing in order to make their work visible and improve our activity-theoretical understanding of what is going on when the job gets done.. An often used characteristic of activity by CHAT scholars is that activities are ”artefact-mediated and object-oriented.” The conclusion of the paper is that if we better want to understand the artefact-mediatedness and the object-orientedness of activities, we have to take artefacts more seriously than most of us have done so far. In sum, the arguments of the paper are: 1. Artefacts are instructive, and the reason why they embody this feature is that they are designed to be instructive. 2. Artefacts are ideal as well as material/corporeal. 3. There is a certain form of agency related to artefacts (although not symmetrical to human agency). 4. The object of activity ”keeps the activity together” by being collectively motivational. 5. There is a need to take artefacts more seriously in studies by CHAT scholars.
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| 9. |
- Sutter, Berthel
(författare)
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The guiding function of the object of work
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper explores how work activity gets its orientation. With the help of Ilyenkov´s conception of the dialectical unity of activity/object and Leontiev´s conception of activity as layered, I make an analysis of patient cases presented in a clinical heart conference. The aim is to find out how the motivating character of the object of work influences the aggregates of work actions. The empirical finding is that ? and how - the transformations of the object occur in phases, which are determined by the practical encounter with the designed and redesigned objects. In the discussion of the findings three themes are presented. First, what constitutes the object of coronary clinical work, and how to describe and analyze it. Second, as one of the social actors which contribute to the configurations of the object, the voices of the patients which are heard in the clinical work are taken into account as one determination of the object of work.. Finally the paper discusses the instructive character of the transformation of the object of work.
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| 10. |
- Tap, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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The practice of "Fluid balance". Humans and artifacts in medical work
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an attempt to take artifacts seriously. In the light of some basic questions ? How do humans and nonhumans ?connect?? How do they ?interact?? How do they ?work together?? ? we are detailing two cases of medical work activity. Both cases deal with the practices of keeping patients ?fluid balance?. One of the cases is from an ongoing dialysis project at our department. The other case is a revisit of a case described in literature. Our main conclusion is that the symmetry principle of Actor-Network theory does not hold true in our cases; on an operational level humans and nonhumans may be able to replace each other, but in work practices they do not. The second conclusion is methodological, namely that the level of description of the cases are decisive for what you may find out.
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