| 1. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The Dark Side of the Affective Profiles: Differences and Similarities in Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Sage Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 5:4, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affective profiles model is based on the combination of individuals’ experience of high/low positive affect and high/low negative affect: self-fulfilling, high affective, low affective, and self-destructive. We used the profiles as the backdrop for the investigation of individual differences in malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism). A total of 1,000 participants (age: M = 31.50 SD = 10.27, 667 males and 333 females), recruited through Amazons’ Mechanical Turk (MTurk), responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Individuals with a high affective profile reported higher degree of narcissism than those with any other profile, and together with individuals with a self-destructive profile, also higher degree of Machiavellianism and psychopathy than individuals with a low affective and self-fulfilling profile. Males scored higher in Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Together with earlier findings, our results show that while individuals in both the self-fulfilling and high affective profiles are extrovert and self-directed, only those in the high affective profile express an immature and malevolent character (i.e., high levels of all Dark Triad traits). Conversely, individuals in the self-fulfilling profile have earlier reported higher levels of cooperativeness and faith. More importantly, the unique association between high levels of positive emotions and narcissism and the unified association between negative emotions to both psychopathy and Machiavellianism imply a dyad rather than a triad of malevolent character traits.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jimmefors, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Locomotion (Empowering) and Assessment (Disempowering) Self-regulatory Dimensions as a Function of Affective Profile in High School Students.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2469-9837. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to examine high school adolescent pupils’ self-regulatory strategies in relation to psychological well-being and subjective well-being (i.e., temporal life satisfaction and affect) using the affective profiles model as the backdrop for the analysis. Participants were categorized into Self-fulfilling (high positive, low negative), High affective (high positive, high negative), Low affective (low positive, low negative) and Self-destructive (low positive, high negative) profiles according to their responses on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. The participants also self-reported self-regulation (“assessment” and “locomotion”),temporal life satisfaction (past, present and future) and psychological well-being (e.g. Self-acceptance,environmental mastery, personal growth). Self-fulfilling adolescents, in contrast to Self-destructive adolescents, expressed high levels of temporal life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The self-regulatory “locomotion” dimension was associated to high positive affect profiles, higher life satisfaction and psychological well-being whereas the self-regulatory “assessment” dimension was associated with high negative affect profiles, lesser life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Taken together, the well-being outcomes linked to the “locomotion” dimension seem to contribute to an upward ‘spiral of empowerment’, reinforcing approaching or agentic behavior; while the outcome linked to the “assessment” dimension appear to consist of a downward ‘spiral of disempowerment’ or inaction.
|
|
| 3. |
- Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Dark triad, locus of control and affective status among individuals with an entrepreneurial intent
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Entrepreneurship Education. - 1528-2651 .- 1098-8394. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The purpose of the present study was to assess personality factors such as the Dark Triad, i.e. psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism, internal locus of control, and positive and negative affect among applicants, presenting entrepreneurial intention, at the Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship in comparison with a reference group of psychology students from the University of Gothenburg, taking into account gender effects. Method A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to derive group x gender effects. Results The school of entrepreneurship applicants scored significantly lower compared to the reference group with regard to Machiavellianism and Positive Affect, but higher on Internal Locus of Control and Negative Affect. Male participants scored higher on Internal Locus of Control with an interaction effect of academic back-ground and gender for external locus of control. Discussion The unexpected findings that the students of psychology were more Machiavellian than the students of entrepreneurship are striking. It also discussed if the lack of Machiavellianism and psychopathy among the students of entrepreneurship render them more or less successful or more or less prone to adopt social and corporate responsibility in their future careers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Internet-video Gaming: Symptoms, Epidemiology, Neurophysiology and Interventional Aspects.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2375-4494. ; 5:3
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive perseverance with video-internet game usage, or alternatively Internet Gaming Disorder, presents a condition that, despite the potential utility of the underlying technology, augurs an assemblage of poor health and well-being, psychiatric liability and psychosocial perturbation with concomitant regional brain disturbance accompanied by incremental and inexorable prerequisites for appropriate interventions and eventual prevention. The tendency within the pathological expressions of disorder is for vulnerability to reside among the young, e.g., adolescents, rather than the older adults, over gender. Symptom-profiles of the condition incorporate varied, allconsuming and protracted problems ranging from cognitive-affective dysfunctions to biopsychological abnormalities such as sleep disturbances and fatigue. Escalating prevalence and epidemiological entanglement describe a putative framework of loneliness, introversion, neuroticism and impulsivity interspersed with expressions of depression, anxiety, sensation seeking, anger, a singular lack of assertiveness and the hazardous indications of ADHD propensity. Neurophysiological, brain regional and biomarker modifications underlying disorder pathophysiology appear more-or-less attuned to the symptomatic expressions of both diagnosed patients and those found to use excessive gaming, unconstrained from age-level: child, adolescent or young adult. Interventional strategies have centered upon the distinction of individual symptom-profiles, the description of withdrawal symptoms and related tolerance and the administration of coping strategies and resourceful behaviors, as for example implied by the “Craving Behavioral intervention”.
|
|
| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Autonomy and Responsibility as a Dual Construct: Swedish Police Personnel’s Stress, Energy, and Motivation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Police Science and Management. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-3557 .- 1478-1603. ; 19:3, s. 195-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Law enforcement demands self-management, intrinsic motivation, high energy levels, and tolerance to stress. The concept of self-management might involve both autonomy and responsibility. Autonomy and responsibility, however, are often considered and measured as the same construct even thought at a conceptual level they can be seen as a separate dual construct. Our aims were (1) to investigate the duality of the concept autonomy and responsibility and (2) to investigate this hypothesized dual construct’s association to stress and energy and motivation dimensions among Swedish police personnel. Employees (N = 617; males = 318, females = 292) from five Swedish police departments participated in the study. Autonomy and responsibility were assessed using one of the scales in the Learning Climate Questionnaire, motivation using a modified version of the Situational Motivation Scale, and stress and energy using the Stress/Energy Questionnaire. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and two structural equation models. The confirmatory factor analysis discerned two separate subscales that we defined as autonomy (e.g., “I feel free to organize my work the way I want to”) and responsibility (e.g., “We are not encouraged to take responsibility for our own learning”). Autonomy predicted both stress and energy, but only one dimension of motivation, that is, amotivation. Responsibility predicted energy and three of four motivations dimensions: intrinsic motivation, external regulation, and amotivation. Hence, we suggest that the notion of autonomy and responsibility as a dual independent construct seems to be meaningful in the investigation of police personnel’s motivation, stress, and energy.
|
|
| 6. |
- Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Designed Mentorship, Career Development, Learning and Psychological Growth across Generations: A Study of a Mentoring Program in an International Industrial Company
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Omics. - 1536-2310. ; 2:4, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was: 1) to evaluate workplace mentoring programs from the perspectives of the mentors and protégés. 2) to compare the evolution of three mentoring programs 3) to contribute to the development of the theoretical field of mentorship. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used and data was collected during a five year period at an international company. The results showed that the majority of the mentors and protégés were satisfied mainly with how the mentoring programs provided personal growth and learning. The separation between junior employees and senior employees in the mentoring programs has decreased over the years concomitant with a strengthening of organizational culture. It was noted not only that the protégés need to be inspired, but also that mentors need inspiration as well. Resilient relationship between mentors and protégés may occur only if the gain is mutual over time. One conclusion pertains to the necessity of designing mentor programs that will contribute to the mentors’ as well as the protégées’ development. A model is presented that indicates how this development may be accomplished.
|
|
| 7. |
- Moradi, Saleh, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Motivation as a Mediator: Internal & External Factors fostering Employee Engagement
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Motivation is “the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistense of effort toward attaining a goal” (Robbins & Judge, 2009, p.209). Self Determination Theory distinguishes between three types of motivation depending on the reasons behind an action: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Different internal factors (i.e. affectivity, self-esteem, locus of control, impulsiveness, strees and energy) and external factors (i.e. empowering leadership and locking-in effect) are suggested as determinants of employees’ motivation. Locking-in has been defined as incapability of employees to leave their current job due to possible loss of some employee benefits. In turn, motivation may result in employee engagement as how employees feel involved with, satisfied with, and enthusiastic for their work. This study investigates internal and external factors influencing motivation dimensions and the mediating role of motivation dimensions on the effect of both internal and external factors on employee engagement. Method: A sample group of engineers and technical designers of a production plant and PhD students from two major universities in Gothenburg, Sweden, (N=125) participated in this study. First, internal and external factors were investigated as potential predictors of motivation. Secondly, the mediating role of motivation dimensions was tested in the relation between both internal and external factors and employee engagement. The Situational Motivation Scale was used to assess four motivation dimensions: intrinsic motivation, identified and external regulation (as extrinsic motivation sub- dimensions), and amotivation. Internal factors were measured using Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale, a modified version of Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Barrett’s Impulsiveness Scale, and the Mood Adjective Checklist. The leadership behavior was assessed using Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, and locking-in effect and employee engagement were derived out of Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Results: The result of linear regression analysis showed that, a) positive affect and negative affect amongst other internal factors (i.e. stress, energy, impulsivity, locus of control, and self-esteem) are the dominant factors influencing different motivation dimensions. Positive affect predicts intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and counter predicts external regulation and amotivation, while negative affect predicts amotivation and counter predicts identified regulation; regarding external factors, b) empowering leadership predicts intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and counter predicts external regulation and amotivation, while locking-in effect predicts identified and external regulation, c) intrinsic motivation and identified regulation are significantly predicting employee engagement. The meditation test (bootstrapping method) showed that all dimensions of motivation, except for external identification, mediate the interrelation between dominant internal and external factors and employee engagement (e.g., negative affect lowers employee engagement through cultivating amotivation and undermining intrinsic motivation and identified regulation). Conclusions: Affectivity (an internal factor) targets which individuals (i.e., employees reporting high positive and low negative affectivity) are more intrinsically motivated and empowering leadership (an external factor) reveals the leader behaviors that foster intrinsic motivation. The locking-in effect seems to influence regulation-based motivation. Furthermore, the mediating role of motivation dimensions eloquently states that employee engagement will come about by empowering intrinsic motivation, moving from external regulation to identified regulation, and wiping away amotivation.
|
|
| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 3:4, s. 328-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical exercise contributes to marked reductions in psychosocial stress, the enhancing of posi- tive affect and well-being. However, affect can be measured as high (e.g., engaged) or low (e.g., content) activation affect. To ascertain further these interactions, we examined the relationship between exercise frequency (i.e., how often an individual engages in physical activities) and affect and Psychological Well-Being (PWB). We investigate this relationship in the context of individuals’ gender, age, psycho- somatic symptoms (i.e., headaches, pain in shoulders, neck or other parts of the body), sleeping problems, smoking habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Moreover, we also investigate if the relationship between exercise frequency and affect differs depending on the dimension of affect (low or high activation). In Study 1 (N = 635), 2 (N = 311), and 3 (N = 135) high activation positive affect (PA) predicted frequently exercising, while high activation negative affect (NA) predicted being less physically active. Moreover, high activation PA was negatively related to smoking habits and to how often the participant had sleeping problems. Finally, the relationship between frequently exercising and high activation affect was still pre- sent when controlling for age, occupation and gender. Moreover, in Study 2, high activation PA remained strongly related to exercise frequency even when we controlled for BMI. In Study 3, frequent physical ac- tivity was also related to PWB. In Study 4, participants (N = 150) self-reported low activation affect. All findings in regard to exercise frequency were replicated, with the exception of the relationship to affect. Psychological resources (i.e., PWB), the frequent experience of PA, together with the infrequent experi- ence of NA may provide for the facilitation of an exercise regime and healthy behavior. Thus, regular physical exercise remains as a health-ensuring necessity over age, gender, and occupation. Nevertheless, high activation positive affect should be in focus.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ippoliti, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Work-related Stress, over-nutrition and cognitive disability
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074. ; 168:1, s. 42-47
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work-related stress may exert a negative impact on a variety of physical and psychological attributes relating to the health of employees and work organizations. Several studies conducted in Italy have shown that workers and employees who express less satisfaction show increased symptoms of obesity and cognitive disability. The latest evidence underlines the pathogenic relationship between stress and neurological disease through inflammatory neuro- immune activation. The aim of this review was to describe the relationship between workplace stress and adverse changes in lifestyle that develop into obesity, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms involved and guidelines for the prevention of these trends are discussed briefly. © Società Editrice Universo (SEU).
|
|
| 10. |
- Wentz, Kerstin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise Induced Autonomic Disengagement and Pain in Women Presenting FM and Healthy Women: Analgesia and Blood Pressure
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 3:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the present analysis was to examine physiological adaptation to a sub-maximal test by measuring blood pressure (BPR) from the perspective of the fibromyalgia (FM) pain experience. Method: Twenty-four women presenting FM and twenty-six healthy women were education- and age-matched. In their homes, all women completed questionnaires regarding background and health related quality of life (SF-36). All the women performed a stepwise load increment submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to the severe perceived exertion level. Blood pressure was recorded before, during and after the test. Result: Women presenting FM showed higher baseline resting systolic BPR (SBPR) and diastolic BPR (DBPR) with higher SBPR and DBPR during the recovery phase. In both groups SBPR and DBPR were correlated at base line. Women presenting FM contrasted to healthy women by BPR measures more frequently correlating during workload. In women with FM the correlative relationship between the SBPR and DBPR during recovery was pronouncedly higher. Clinical pain correlated four times more often with BPR measures in the FM study group as compared to the group of controls. In FM higher clinical pain was linked to lower BPR. Conclusion: In the context of the FM condition, the tests depict a physiologically perseverative pattern concerning SBPR and SBPR measurements. This pattern was pronounced during recovery. A higher level of clinical pain BP corresponded to lower SBPR and SBPR before and after the test confirming an inverse relationship between blood pressure and pain sensitivity in the condition of FM. Parallel, in FM the analgesic effect from BPR was insufficient due to lowered pain thresholds. Pain thresholds linked to dysregulated sympathetic and parasympathetic functions together with psychological functioning and higher levels of brain functioning need further examination.
|
|
