| 1. |
- Bosson, J. K., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 52:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB's distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
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| 2. |
- Renström, Emma A., et al.
(författare)
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The multiple meanings of the gender-inclusive pronoun hen : Predicting attitudes and use
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0046-2772 .- 1099-0992. ; 52:1, s. 71-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish gender-inclusive pronoun hen can be used generically (referring to anyone), or specifically (referring to non-binary gender identities). Three studies tested evaluations and use of hen, and individual-level predictors. In Study 1 (N = 2145), specific hen was slightly favoured over generic hen. In Study 2 (N = 297), hen was more negatively evaluated than binary pronouns, and generic hen was more positively evaluated than specific hen. In Study 3 (N = 450), hen was less frequently used compared to binary pronouns overall but preferred in generic contexts. Traditionalism mainly predicted attitudes towards generic hen and beliefs about gender, as binary mainly predicted attitudes towards specific hen, although the pattern varied across studies. Because hen was preferred in generic contexts, but not in specific ones, this work has implications for understanding the non-acceptance of non-binary gender identities since the traditional binary notion of gender still is strong.
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| 3. |
- Renström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Are Gender-Neutral Pronouns Really Neutral? Testing a Male Bias in the Grammatical Genderless Languages Turkish and Finnish
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Social Psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 0261-927X .- 1552-6526. ; 42:4, s. 476-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Languages differ in how grammatically salient gender is. We explored if grammatically gender-neutral pronouns in Finnish and Turkish, two grammatically genderless languages, are gender neutral or male biased, thereby activating male, rather than female, exemplars. We also tested whether differences in national level gender equality influence the male bias. Results indicated a male bias in both languages, whereas national level gender equality had no influence. Implications for gender-fair language reforms in grammatically genderless languages are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Bäck, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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From I to We : Group Formation and Linguistic Adaption in an Online Xenophobic Forum
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Social and Political Psychology. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 2195-3325. ; 6:1, s. 76-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Neutral pronouns as promoters of gender equality
- 2017
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Ingår i: EASP small group meeting on Gender roles in the future, Berlin. June 24-26, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Klysing, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Gender diversity in recruitment: Influence of gender trouble on applicant attraction and evaluation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 52:8, s. 781-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current research addresses gender trouble (acts that question the naturalness of a binary gender system) in two parts of the recruitment situation: applicant attraction and evaluation. Experiment 1 (N=1,147) investigated how different Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) statements in an organization description influenced organizational evaluations. The EEO statements emphasized gender as binary (women and men), gender as diverse (multi-gender), or gender as irrelevant (de-gender; compared with no EEO statement). Gender minority participants experienced decreased identity threat in response to the multi-gendered and the de-gendered EEO statements, which increased organizational attractivity. There was no significant effect of EEO statement for gender majority participants. Multi-gendered and de-gendered EEO statements increased perceived gender diversity within the organization. Experiment 2 (N=214) investigated how applicants with a normative or non-normative gender expression were evaluated by HR-specialists. Applicants with a non-normative gender expression were rated as more suitable for the position and recommended a higher starting salary than applicants with a normative gender expression. Women with a non-normative gender expression were rated as more likely to be employed than men with a non-normative gender expression, while women applicants regardless of gender expression were rated as the most likely to acquire the position. This research indicates that gender minorities can be explicitly included in EEO statements without negative impact on gender majority groups and with a positive impact on gender minority groups. Furthermore, a non-normative gender expression was not found to be a cause for biased evaluations in an initial recruitment situation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
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| 9. |
- Lindqvist, Anna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Vem tycker om hen?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Språk & Stil. - 1101-1165. ; 26, s. 101-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Petersén Karlsson, Kristina, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in autobiographical memory : females latently express communality more than do males
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 31:7, s. 651-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender differences have been found in several aspects of autobiographical memory (i.e. personally experienced events). For example, previous studies have shown that females’ autobiographical memories contain more communal and emotional expressions than do males. However, an important question concerns whether these differences can be observed both in the manifest content (i.e. what is actually said) and in the latent content (i.e. the underlying meaning of what is said). In the present exploratory study, we extended the current knowledge concerning gender differences in autobiographical memory by investigating the manifestly expressed words, as well as the latently expressed words in autobiographical memory descriptions. We observed an overall gender difference in the latent content of the autobiographical memories. Furthermore, females latently described their memories in more communal terms than males did. No other gender differences were found. Our results indicate that females’ autobiographical memories are more communally oriented than male's.
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