| 1. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine and cognitive aging : a strong relationship
- 2006
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Ingår i: Progress in psychological science around the world. Volume 1 neural, cognitive and developmental issues. - : Psychology Press. - 9780203783122 - 9781841699615 - 9781138883314 ; , s. 455-469
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Elbe, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of auditory and tactile distraction in adults with low and high ADHD symptoms
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 36:5, s. 645-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate whether symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impact distraction by unexpected deviant sounds and vibrations. The hypothesis was that there would be a difference between individuals with low and high ADHD symptom severity in deviance distraction. In a cross-modal oddball task, we measured the impact of to-be-ignored deviating auditory and vibro-tactile stimuli in 45 adults who were 18 years or older, and self-reported ADHD symptoms using the screening tool of the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS). Results did not show a difference between groups with low and high symptoms of ADHD in their propensity for distraction in any modality using both frequentist and Bayesian methods of analysis. The impact of the deviating sounds and vibrations on performance were similar between groups. However, the amount of missed trials, which possibly reflects mind wandering or attention away from the focal task, was higher in the high symptom group (0.5 % difference in missing data between groups). The findings indicate a difference in missed responses between groups, despite no differences in the likelihood of distraction being indicated between vibro-tactile and auditory modalities. Overall, the complexity of adult ADHD symptomatology, especially behavioral differences in attentional control is reflected in the results of this study.
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| 4. |
- Josefsson, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Lifestyle Predictors of 15-Year Longitudinal Change in Episodic Memory
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 60:12, s. 2308-2312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To reveal distinct longitudinal trajectories in episodic memory over 15 years and to identify demographic, lifestyle, health-related, and genetic predictors of stability or decline. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Betula Project, Umeå, Sweden. Participants: One thousand nine hundred fifty-four healthy participants aged 35 to 85 at baseline. Measurements: Memory was assessed according to validated episodic memory tasks in participants from a large population-based sample. Data were analyzed using a random-effects pattern-mixture model that considered the effect of attrition over two to four longitudinal sessions. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of stability or decline relative to average change in episodic memory. Results: Of 1,558 participants with two or more test sessions, 18% were classified as maintainers and 13% as decliners, and 68% showed age-typical average change. More educated and more physically active participants, women, and those living with someone were more likely to be classified as maintainers, as were carriers of the met allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. Less educated participants, those not active in the labor force, and men were more likely to be classified as decliners, and the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele was more frequent in decliners. Conclusion: Quantitative, attrition-corrected assessment of longitudinal changes in memory can reveal substantial heterogeneity in aging trajectories, and genetic and lifestyle factors predict such heterogeneity.
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| 5. |
- Lövdén, Martin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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No moderating influence of education on the association between changes in hippocampus volume and memory performance in aging
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging Brain. - : Elsevier. - 2589-9589. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary accounts of factors that may modify the risk for age-related neurocognitive disorders highlight education and its contribution to a cognitive reserve. By this view, individuals with higher educational attainment should show weaker associations between changes in brain and cognition than individuals with lower educational attainment. We tested this prediction in longitudinal data on hippocampus volume and episodic memory from 708 middle-aged and older individuals using local structural equation modeling. This technique does not require categorization of years of education and does not constrain the shape of relationships, thereby maximizing the chances of revealing an effect of education on the hippocampus-memory association. The results showed that the data were plausible under the assumption that there was no influence of education on the association between change in episodic memory and change in hippocampus volume. Restricting the sample to individuals with elevated genetic risk for dementia (APOE ε4 carriers) did not change these results. We conclude that the influence of education on changes in episodic memory and hippocampus volume is inconsistent with predictions by the cognitive reserve theory.
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| 6. |
- Pudas, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance and Manipulation in Working Memory : Differential Ventral and Dorsal Frontal Cortex fMRI Activity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica Sinica. - : Science Press. - 0439-755X. ; 41:11, s. 1054-1062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A verbal working memory protocol was designed and evaluated on a group of healthy younger adults in preparation for a large-scale functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study on aging and memory. Letters were presented in two critical conditions: (i) maintenance, in which letters were to be memorized and kept in mind over a four second interval, and (ii) manipulation, in which letters were shifted forward in alphabetical order, and the new order was kept in mind. Analyses of fMRI data showed that the protocol elicited reliable activation in the frontal cortex, with manipulation producing more extensive activation patterns, both in whole-brain analyses and in predefined regions of interest (ROIs). There was also a distinction between dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal regions, such that manipulation elicited more dorsolateral prefrontal activation. The protocol also elicited activation in various subcortical areas, previously associated with working-memory tasks. It was concluded that this working memory protocol is appropriate for investigating age-related changes in frontal-cortex functioning.
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, Jonas K., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term episodic memory decline is associated with olfactory deficits only in carriers of ApoE-є4
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 85, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene is a genetic risk factor for late-onset dementia of the Alzheimers' type (DAT), which is characterized by loss of both episodic memoryand olfactory functions. Little is known about the possible role of ɛ4 in the association between ongoing episodic memory decline and olfactory deficits in the general population, but such information is relevant in determining the relevance of olfaction as a marker of DAT risk. The present study was based on a large, population-based sample (n=1087, aged 45–90 years, of which 324 were ɛ4-carriers). Episodic memory change rates were established using data collected every 5 years for a 10–20 year interval leading up to an olfactory assessment using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test at the last wave of data collection. Participants were classified according to whether or not their episodic memory ability declined more rapidly than the age-typical norm (by >1SD). Our main result is that only in ɛ4-carriers was episodic memory decline associated with odor identification impairment. In individuals without ɛ4, odor identification was unrelated to episodic memory decline status. Follow-up analyses indicated that this moderation by ɛ4 was due to the olfactory nature of the identification test, and that the effect was not caused by 63 individuals with dementia. Our results suggest that the ɛ4 determines the functional association between ongoing episodic memory decline and olfaction. These findings are consistent with the notion that ɛ4-carriers with DAT, compared to non-carriers, display a cortical atrophy pattern that is more focused on mediotemporal lobe regions supporting olfactory and episodic memory functions. Olfactory and memory assessments might provide complementary information on mediotemporal atrophy prior to clinical dementia onset, but the ɛ4 should be considered when using olfactory assessment as an early-stage indicator.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging the notion of an early-onset of cognitive decline.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 30:4, s. 521-524; discussion 530
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Salthouse claims that cognitive aging starts around 20 years of age. The basis for this claim is cross-sectional data. He dismisses longitudinal data, which typically show the cognitive decline to start much later, around 60 years of age. He states that longitudinal data cannot be trusted because they are flawed. There is a confounding between the effects of maturation and retest effects. We challenge Salthouse's strong claim on four accounts.
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| 9. |
- Vestergren, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the cognitive dysfunction questionnaire (CDQ) in a population based sample
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:3, s. 218-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reports on the development of a questionnaire for assessment of adult cognitive dysfunction (CDQ). Participants in a population-based sample(65 ± 15 years, N = 370) responded to a 90-item pilot version covering multiple aspects of memory/cognition. Based on exploratory principal components analyses and correlations with criterion measures of cognitive functioning (MMSE, Block Design, semantic/episodic memory), 20 items loading on 6 components were selected for the final version of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s a for the total score was 0.90. There was evidence of construct validity as judged by correlations between CDQ scores, objective cognitive measures, and a subjective memory measure (PRMQ). Discriminant validity was demonstrated by a low and non-significant correlation with depressive symptoms. Further evidence of construct validity was provided by correlations with age and educational attainment. In conclusion, the CDQ is promising as a self-rating screening tool for cognitive dysfunction, and will be the subject of further development and validation.
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| 10. |
- Vestergren, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of the cognitive dysfunction questionnaire : instrument refinement and measurement invariance across age and sex
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 53:5, s. 390-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study adopted CFA to investigate the factorial structure and reduce the number of items of the Cognitive Dysfunction Questionnaire (CDQ; Vestergren, Rönnlund, Nyberg, & Nilsson, 2011). The analyses were based on data for a total of 1115 participants from population based samples (mean age: 63.0 ± 14.5 years, range: 25 - 95) randomly split into a refinement (n = 569) and a cross-validation (n = 546) sample. Equivalence of the measurement and structural portions of the refined model was demonstrated across the refinement and cross-validation samples. Among competing models the best fitting and parsimonious model had a hierarchical factor structure with five first-order and one second-order general factor. The final version of the CDQ consisted of 20 items in five domains (Procedural actions, Semantic word knowledge, Face recognition, Temporal orientation and Spatial navigation). Internal consistency reliabilities were adequate for the total scale and for the subscales. Multigroup CFAs were performed and the results indicate measurement invariance across age and sex up to the scalar level. Finally, higher levels of cognitive dysfunction as reflected by CDQ scores were observed with advancing age and with deficits in general cognitive functioning as reflected by scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination. In conclusion, adoption of the final version of the CDQ appears to be a way of measuring cognitive dysfunction without administering formal cognitive tests. Future studies should apply it among clinical groups to further test its usefulness.
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