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Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) hsv:(Psykologi) hsv:(Tillämpad psykologi) > Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 114
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1.
  • Hägerhäll, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Human physiological benefits of viewing nature: EEG responses to exact and statistical fractal patterns.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences. - 1090-0578. ; 19:1, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psychological and physiological benefits of viewing nature have been extensively studied for some time. More recently it has been suggested that some of these positive effects can be explained by nature's fractal properties. Virtually all studies on human responses to fractals have used stimuli that represent the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature, i.e. statistical fractals, as opposed to fractal patterns which repeat exactly at different scales. This raises the question of whether human responses like preference and relaxation are being driven by fractal geometry in general or by the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature. In this study we consider both types of fractals (statistical and exact) and morph one type into the other. Based on the Koch curve, nine visual stimuli were produced in which curves of three different fractal dimensions evolve gradually from an exact to a statistical fractal. The patterns were shown for one minute each to thirty-five subjects while qEEG was continuously recorded. The results showed that the responses to statistical and exact fractals differ, and that the natural form of the fractal is important for inducing alpha responses, an indicator of a wakefully relaxed state and internalized attention.
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2.
  • Johansson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Urban space for children on the move
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transport and Children’s Wellbeing. - 9780128146941 - 9780128146958 ; , s. 217-235
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urban landscapes, structures and design features are associated with travel mode choice and have implications for sustainable living environments. The particular role of the built environment for children’s independent active mobility has received increasing attention in research and practice. However, the complexity of the transactions between person and environment needs to be understood with special focus on children’s use and experiences of the outdoor spaces in a neighborhood. This chapter discusses children’s independent active mobility as an ongoing transaction with the surrounding environment, continuously shifting between transport and play. The chapter synthesizes research on children’s outdoor play and active travel from the fields of environmental psychology, urban planning and landscape architecture. Four theoretical concepts compatible with a comprehensive understanding of children’s mobility in urban open spaces are presented: place attachment, affordances, wayfinding and prospect-refuge. The concepts are elaborated from a child perspective to highlight dimensions in the planning, design and management of outdoor spaces that can support children’s independent active mobility.
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3.
  • Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • General Public Acceptance of Forest Risk Management Strategies in Sweden : Comparing Three Approaches to Acceptability
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environment and Behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0013-9165 .- 1552-390X. ; 50:2, s. 159-186
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global change calls for more active approaches to forest risk management. To avoid unforeseen backlashes, it is necessary to examine the general public's acceptance of the risk management strategies. By drawing on different theoretical approaches (threat and prevention, performance evaluations, and forest cognitions), the present study examines predictors of acceptability in the general public in three counties in Sweden (N = 1,026). As expected, appraisals of threat mediated the effect of threat awareness on belief in risk prevention, and when examining performance evaluations, trust in responsible actors influenced acceptability via procedural satisfaction. However, the threat and prevention approach and the performance evaluation approach only explained low levels of the variance in acceptability of the examined strategies. Nevertheless, stronger ecological forest values, and favoring broadleaved forests, were found to be important to the acceptability of proactively implementing a more diverse forest to meet the expected challenges associated with global climate change.
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5.
  • Marcheschi, Elizabeth, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • A Theoretical Model for Urban Walking Among People With Disabilities
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11:156, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is an attempt to advance research on walking at a neighborhood level of analysis for people with disabilities by proposing a theoretical model that combines the knowledge of two disciplines: traffic planning and environmental psychology. The aim is to provide guidance for a discussion and a plan for future interdisciplinary investigations by proposing a model that accounts for the dynamic interaction between environmental characteristics, human processes, and walking experience among individuals with a disability. For this purpose, traffic planners, and environmental psychologists came together to discuss theories, concepts, and thematic relevance in a series of focus group meetings. These meetings led to the selection of the Human Environment Interaction (HEI) model, originally developed from the field of environmental psychology and operationalized to describe how walking experiences result from the interplay between individual abilities, emotional processes, and the physical and social characteristics of the environment (Küller, 1991). The proposed model aims to sustain interdisciplinary discussion and research planning around the topic of neighborhood walking for people with disabilities. By operationalizing each dimension in the model, a good fit between groups with disabilities and individual differences associated with walking experiences is assumed, which, in turn, will have the potential to provide a more conscious analysis of wellbeing-related outcomes, such as usability of the environment, frequency of mobility, and quality of life. However, to improve understanding of urban walking at a neighborhood level for people with disabilities, empirical studies must be carried out to test the proposed model.
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6.
  • von Essen, Elisabeth (författare)
  • Ekologisk mat och psykisk hälsa : unga vuxnas existentiella relation till mat som strategi för välbefinnande
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Med utgångspunkt i eko-psykologin och ett livsvärldsfenomologiskt perspektiv beskrivs unga vuxnas val av ekologisk mat som en naturbaserad form av självterapeutisk intervention för att förbättra psykisk hälsa. Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka förstå hur unga vuxna aktivt använder relationen mellan kropp och mat i vardagen som del av en strategi för att uppnå välbefinnande och bättre hantera existentiella problem och ängslan inför framtiden. Med ett strategiskt urval av 30 unga vuxna i åldrarna 18-35 år gjordes semi-strukturerade intervjuer kring deras intresse för ekologisk mat. Analysen utgick från den deskriptiva fenomenologiska psykologiska forskningsmetoden och kompletterades med en fenomenologisk narrativ metod. I delstudie I undersöktes fenomenet ”unga vuxnas relation till ekologisk mat” på en generell nivå som visade hur relationen till ekologisk mat är ett mångdimensionellt fenomen med fyra konstituenter: 1) Den levda kroppen som utgångspunkt för utforskandet av livet, 2) Ett berättat själv genom emotionella-relationella matminnen, 3) En medveten livsstrategi för välbefinnande och vitalitet, och 4) En personlig uppsättning värderingar i förhållande till etiska normer. Delstudie II undersökte variationen av uttrycksformer i konstituenterna ett och tre, och beskriver hur de unga vuxna använder mat som självterapeutisk intervention via sin kropp och sina sinnen i relation till maten som verktyg genom att: 1) Lyssna på kroppen, 2) Moderera kroppstillstånd och känslor, 3) Finna kroppslig vitalitet och resiliens, 4) Skapa ett utrymme för stillhet och meditation och 5) Medverka i en kreativ process. Delstudie III beskriver hur relationen till mat utvecklas genom att matminnen knyts till olika personer, händelser och sammanhang, med tre livsberättelser som illustrerar hur denna relation kan utvecklas under perioden som ung vuxen: 1) Positiva emotionella matminnen kan vara förknippade med att använda mat som ett känslomässigt ankare. 2) Negativa emotionella matminnen kan vara förknippade med: a) en upptagenhet av mat, som innebär att individen byter ut eller kompenserar mellanmänskliga relationer, b) ett undvikande av mat, som handlar om minnen förknippade med en kontrollerad och undflyende relation till mat. Undersökningen visar också hur relationen till mat under ung vuxenperioden kan innebära en ”andra chans” att utveckla bra matvanor, men också hur deras starka fokus på att äta hälsosamt kan vara förenad med en personlig problematik.
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7.
  • Barthel, Stephan, et al. (författare)
  • Fostering Children's Connection to Nature Through Authentic Situations : The Case of Saving Salamanders at School
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this paper is to explore how children learn to form new relationships with nature. It draws on a longitudinal case study of children participating in a stewardship project involving the conservation of salamanders during the school day in Stockholm, Sweden. The qualitative method includes two waves of data collection: when a group of 10-year-old children participated in the project (2015) and 2 years after they participated (2017). We conducted 49 interviews with children as well as using participant observations and questionnaires. We found indications that children developed sympathy for salamanders and increased concern and care for nature, and that such relationships persisted 2 years after participation. Our rich qualitative data suggest that whole situations of sufficient unpredictability triggering free exploration of the area, direct sensory contact and significant experiences of interacting with a species were important for children's development of affective relationships with the salamander species and with nature in an open-ended sense. Saving the lives of trapped animals enabled direct sensory interaction, feedback, increased understanding, and development of new skills for dynamically exploring further ways of saving species in an interactive process experienced as deeply meaningful, enjoyable and connecting. The behavioral setting instilled a sense of pride and commitment, and the high degree of responsibility given to the children while exploring the habitat during authentic situations enriched children's enjoyment. The study has implications for the design of education programs that aim to connect children with nature and for a child-sensitive urban policy that supports authentic nature situations in close spatial proximity to preschools and schools.
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8.
  • Johansson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Controlled exposure reduces fear of brown bears
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Human Dimensions of Wildlife. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1087-1209 .- 1533-158X. ; 24:4, s. 363-379
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fear of large carnivores such as brown bears may restrict people’s outdoor activities regardless of experts’ estimated risk of attack. This research study empirically examined three exposure interventions in the form of guided walks intended to give people living in brown bear areas tools for coping with their fear. All interventions significantly reduced fear, decreased people’s perceived vulnerability, and increased their social trust in wildlife management authorities. The walk including an encounter with a radio-collared bear in a wild bear habitat resulted in the largest reduction in fear, followed by the walk in the wild bear habitat only and then the walk in a park with captive bears. The wild bear habitat walk was the intervention best suited for further development as it may be used in any area where bears occur and without affecting animal welfare.
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9.
  • Knez, Igor, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Wellbeing in Urban Greenery: The Role of Naturalness and Place Identity
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to investigate effects of urban greenery (high vs. low naturalness) on place identity and wellbeing, and the links between place identity and wellbeing. It was shown that participants (Gothenburg, Sweden, N = 1347) estimated a stronger attachment/closeness/belonging (emotional component of place-identity), and more remembrance and thinking about and mental travel (cognitive component of placeidentity) in relation to high vs. low perceived naturalness. High naturalness was also reported to generate higher wellbeing in participants than low naturalness. Furthermore, place identity was shown to predict participants' wellbeing in urban greenery, accounting for 35% of variance explained by the regression. However, there was a stronger relationship between the emotional vs. the cognitive component of place identity and wellbeing. Finally, a significant role of place identity in mediating the naturalnesswellbeing relationship was shown, indicating that the naturalness-wellbeing connection can be partly accounted for by the psychological mechanisms of people-place bonding.
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10.
  • Westman, Jessica, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Children's affective experience of every-day travel
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 29, s. 95-102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aims to evaluate if children’s affective experience of every-day travel varies depending on travel mode and destination of travel. More specifically, what are children’s reported valence (unpleasantness–pleasantness) and activation (deactivation–activation) while travelling to different destinations and does this experience have spill-over effects on how they perceive activities at the destination. 206 Children (101 girls) recorded their travels in a diary throughout a school week along with reports of travel mode, experience of every-day travel, activities on arrival, and the experiences of activities. Results showed that average valence and activation was significantly lower while travelling to school than travelling to other destinations. Degree of activation during a school day was significantly lower for those who had travelled by car than for those who had cycled to school. Girls experienced less activation than boys on their way to school and during a school day when they had travelled by car. It is concluded that children’s affective experiences differ depending on how they travel and where they go. Moreover, there is a difference between boys’ and girls’ experiences.
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