| 1. |
- Al-Mahdawi, Abdullah Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in malevolent creativity among Sudanese students
- 2022
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malevolent creativity refers to employing creative processes for one's own selfish gain, often combined with detrimental effects on others. Sex differences in malevolent or negative creativity are to be expected due to the established finding that males are higher in the Dark Triad traits. However, the only previous study of this issue, using a sample of Indian students, did not find a sex difference. Here, we administered the Malevolent Creativity Behaviour Scale (MCBS) to a sample of 1619 Sudanese students, and found a small sex difference in that females rated themselves higher. Reasons for the finding are explored, including possible problems with the MCBS instrument.
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| 2. |
- Theorell, Töres, et al.
(författare)
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Associations betweenmusical aptitude, alexithymia, and working in a creative occupation.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1931-3896 .- 1931-390X. ; 13:1, s. 49-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musical aptitude and ability to handle emotions are hypothesized to be important predictors of creative work. The associations between musical aptitude, alexithymia, and having a creative occupation were assessed with linear multiple regression for men and women separately. Participants in the Swedish Twin Registry participated in an online survey, including musical tests for rhythm, pitch and melody discrimination, an IQ test and a test for alexithymia (inability to handle emotions). They also provided a job description, which was coded according to the O*NET system. The level of creativity for each occupation was defined by the O*NET mean rating of “thinking creatively.” Musicians (n = 43) were excluded. For men (n = 1,327), pitch predicted having creative work. This independent contribution was significant when controlling for age, education, and intelligence although the magnitude of the association decreased when the intelligence score was included. For women (n = 1,908), alexithymia and rhythm predicted having creative work, controlling for age and education. With intelligence score, the independent contribution of rhythm score became nonsignificant while the contribution of alexithymia remained significant. For men, a high pitch score is associated with having creative work, regardless of education and general intelligence. For women ability to handle emotions is associated with creative work. Since subjects working professionally as musicians were excluded from the analyses the associations are not confined to musical creativity but seem to have a more general nature, suggesting that musical aptitude taps into domain-general factors of importance for real life creative engagement.
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| 3. |
- Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah Attallah, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the Simber Effect : why is the age-dependent increase in children's cognitive ability smaller in Arab countries than in Britain?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 122, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research indicates that the typical increase in IQ during childhood is greater in European countries than in Arab countries. A systematic literature review of age-dependent IQ in Arab countries is conducted, yielding relevant studies for 12 countries that fulfil the inclusion criteria. In almost all of these studies, Arab children exhibit an age-dependent IQ decline relative to Caucasian children, from 5 to about 12 years of age in particular. We term this phenomenon the Simber Effect. We propose two non-exclusive explanations. (1) The Flynn Effect is less intense in Arab countries because of localised differences, including poorer education quality and greater religiosity. (2) Those from Arab countries follow a faster Life History Strategy than Europeans, for environmental and possibly genetic reasons. Either way, the Simber Effect may amount to a Wilson Effect, meaning that the impact of genetic IQ increases with age.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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The Subjective Difficulty of Tapping to a Slow Beat
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition and the 8th Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music.. ; , s. 82-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Dahl, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Keeping the tempo and perceiving the beat
- 2006
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Ingår i: 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition. - 8873951554
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Dutton, Edward, et al.
(författare)
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Execution, violent punishment and selection for religiousness in medieval England
- 2018
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Psychological Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2198-9885. ; 4:1, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frost and Harpending, Evolutionary Psychology, 13 (2015), have argued that the increasing use of capital punishment across the Middle Ages in Europe altered the genotype, helping to create a less violent and generally more law-abiding population. Developing this insight, we hypothesise that the same system of violent punishments would also have helped to genotypically create a more religious society by indirectly selecting for religiousness, through the execution of men who had not yet sired any offspring. We estimate the selection differential for religiousness based on genetic correlation data for conceivably related traits, and compare that to the actual increase in religiosity across the Middle Ages. We further explore other mechanisms by which religiousness was being selected for in Medieval England, and conclude that executions most likely contributed substantially to the increase in religiosity, but that other selection pressures also played a role.
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| 8. |
- Dutton, Edward, et al.
(författare)
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Life History and Race Differences in Puberty Length : A Test of Differential-K Theory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mankind Quarterly. - : Scott - Townsend Publishers. - 0025-2344. ; 56:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life history speed has been argued to differ across the three main races, with Sub-Saharan Africans adopting the fastest (most r) strategy, Northeast Asians adopting the slowest (most K) strategy and Caucasians being intermediate, but closer to Northeast Asians (Rushton, 1995). Differential-K theory would predict that puberty begins earlier in the more r-strategy groups. Here, we extend this hypothesis to the length of puberty rather than its onset. Examining previously published data, we find that puberty is shortest amongst Caucasians and longest amongst Sub-Saharan Africans, and argue that this pattern is consistent with Differential-K theory.
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| 9. |
- Elowsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Speed of Music Using Features from Harmonic/Percussive Separated Audio
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference. - : International Society for Music Information Retrieval. - 9780615900650 ; , s. 481-486
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major parameters in music is the overall speed of a musical performance. In this study, a computational model of speed in music audio has been developed using a custom set of rhythmic features. Speed is often associ-ated with tempo, but as shown in this study, factors such as note density (onsets per second) and spectral flux are important as well. The original audio was first separated into a harmonic part and a percussive part and the fea-tures were extracted separately from the different layers. In previous studies, listeners had rated the speed of 136 songs, and the ratings were used in a regression to evalu-ate the validity of the model as well as to find appropriate features. The final models, consisting of 5 or 8 features, were able to explain about 90% of the variation in the training set, with little or no degradation for the test set.
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| 10. |
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