| 1. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility Atlas to Analyse Regional Acessibility to Labour in the Food Sector
- 2014
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Ingår i: COST Action TU1002 – Assessing Usability of Accessibility Instruments. - Amsterdam : The Cost Office. - 9789090282121 ; , s. 115-121
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presents the results of an experiential workshop with local planning practitioners. These practitioners first experienced and then reflected on the usability of accessibility instruments.
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| 2. |
- Elldér, Erik
(författare)
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Who is Eligible for Telework? Exploring the Fast-Growing Acceptance of and Ability to Telework in Sweden, 2005–2006 to 2011–2014
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Sciences. - 2076-0760. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The share of Swedish employees eligible for telework, that is, when work tasks and contractual agreement allow, increased from 22% in 2005–2006 to 35% in 2011–2014. This article explores this fast diffusion of telework eligibility. Micro data from representative national surveys are used to examine how increasing opportunities for telework have spread among different groups of employees and different parts of the labour market and to examine the factors that increase or decrease the probability of being eligible for telework. We find significant increases in telework eligibility in almost all categories of workers and all labour market sectors. However, employees are clearly grouped into those achieving rapid gains in telework eligibility and those achieving such gains much more slowly. Telework continues to be primarily available to high-status segments of the labour market. Information and communication technology and technical solutions increasingly appear to be key factors enabling telework.
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| 3. |
- Haberfeld, Yitchak, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Selectivity and internal migration: A study of refugees’ dispersal policy in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sociology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-7775. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the intensified waves of refugees entering Europe, dispersal policies for newly arrived refugees have been proposed to speed up their integration and to share the financial burden across and within the EU countries. The effectiveness of dispersal policies depends, among other factors, on the extent to which refugees tend to stay in the initial location they are assigned to live in, and on their patterns of self-selectivity during subsequent moves of internal migration. Economic theories of migration suggest that economic immigrants are self-selected to destinations based on their abilities. Highly skilled and motivated people tend to migrate to labor markets with broader opportunity structures, while less capable individuals choose markets that are more sheltered. We use a quasi-experimental design to examine the extent to which those theories are first, applicable to refugees as well, and second, explain their self-sorting into local labor markets at destination. We focus on a refugee cohort that came to Sweden during the period when the so-called “Whole-Sweden” policy was in effect. This policy was designed to reduce the concentration of refugees in the larger cities by randomly deploying asylum seekers across Sweden. After being assigned to an initial location, refugees could move freely within Sweden. We use individual register data from Statistics Sweden to study all refugees who arrived in Sweden during 1990–1993, and we follow each one of them during an 8-year period. We use discrete-time survival analysis (complementary log-log models) in order to assess the effects of abilities on the destination choices of refugees, and individual fixed-effect models to assess the effects of internal migration on their income. Destinations were defined on the basis of the economic opportunities they offer. The results suggest that refugees’ education levels are related to major differences in their destination choices. Highly skilled refugees were more likely to migrate to labor markets with a wide structure of opportunities relative to less skilled refugees. In addition, all relocation choices had positive effects on refugees’ income growth.
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| 4. |
- Niedomysl, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Learning Benefits of Using 2D Versus 3D Maps: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of geography. - New York : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1341 .- 1752-6868. ; 112:3, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional important role of maps used for educational purposes has gained further potential with recent advances in GIS technology. But beyond specific courses in cartography this potential seems little realized in geography teaching. This article investigates the extent to which any learning benefits may be derived from the use of such technologies. A controlled experiment was conducted to examine whether information recall is improved when cartographic information on population distribution is presented in 2D versus 3D form. The results show statistically significant differences in learning benefits between the two formats, largely in favor of 2D representation. These findings suggest that learning benefits can be derived from paying greater attention to map format in educational settings.
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| 5. |
- Birgier, Debora Pricila, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Movers and Stayers: A Study of Emigration from Sweden 1993–2014
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Population. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-6577 .- 1572-9885. ; 38, s. 1033-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A standard proposition in the migration literature is that emigrants are not drawn randomly from their source population, but rather compose a self-selected group in terms of labour market characteristics. Such self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, or occupation, as well as unobserved characteristics such as cognitive abilities. However, due to data limitations, most previous studies on selectivity have analysed immigrants’ characteristics at destinations rather than using data from their source countries. This paper assesses emigrants’ selectivity patterns by following the full-risk population of natives over a long period of time (over 20years). It also includes an innovative measure of selectivity on unobserved characteristics—namely, school performance—as a proxy for individual motivation and cognitive abilities, and it compares it to the widely used measure of income residuals. We use Swedish register data and assess the probabilities of leaving Sweden between 1993 and 2014 among men and women born in Sweden between 1975 and 1978. We further look for differences among Swedish emigrants who chose different countries of destination. The findings suggest that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics using compulsory school grades as a proxy, emigrants are found to be positively self-selected, while when using income residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. Individuals leaving to non-Nordic countries are also found to be more positively self-selected than those heading to neighbouring countries. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.
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| 6. |
- Birgier, Debora Pricila, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Selectivity in emigration: the case of migration from Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: ISA RC28 Spring Meeting 2021 University of Turku, Finland June 2-4 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the standard propositions in the migration literature is that emigrants are not a random sample drawn from their source population but represent a positively self-selected group in terms of labor market characteristics. This positive self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, work experience, occupation, and unobserved characteristics. Due to data limitation, most previous studies on selectivity look at immigrants' characteristics at destinations rather than using source countries' data. The current paper assesses emigrant selectivity patterns by looking at the full-risk population of natives and following them over a long time (over 20 years). It also uses an innovative measure of selectivity patterns on unobserved characteristics by looking at individuals' performance in high school as a proxy for their motivation and cognitive abilities and compare it to the widely-used measure of earnings residuals. We used the Swedish Register, which includes information on individuals' emigration year and destinations. We focus on men and women born in Sweden between 1972 and 1977, follow them between 1990 and 2014, and assess their relative risk of leaving Sweden. The finding suggests that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are somewhat more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics by using high school grades as their proxy, emigrants were found to be positively self-selected, while when using earnings residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.
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| 7. |
- Birgier, Debora Pricila, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Stayers and Movers: A study on emigration from Sweden 1990-2014
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A standard proposition in the migration literature is that emigrants are not drawn randomly from their source population, but rather compose a self-selected group in terms of labour market characteristics. Such self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, work experience, or occupation, as well as unobserved characteristics. However, due to data limitations, most previous studies on selectivity have analysed immigrants’ characteristics at destinations rather than using data from their source countries. This paper assesses emigrants’ selectivity patterns by following the full-risk population of natives over a long period of time (over 20 years). It also includes an innovative measure of selectivity on unobserved characteristics—namely, high school performance—as a proxy for individual motivation and cognitive abilities, and it compares it to the widely used measure of income residuals. We use Swedish register data and assess the probabilities of leaving Sweden between 1990 and 2014 among men and women born in Sweden between 1972 and 1977. The findings suggest that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics using high school grades as a proxy, emigrants are found to be positively self-selected, while when using income residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. Individuals leaving to non-Nordic countries are also found to be more positively self-selected than those heading to neighbouring countries. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.
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| 8. |
- Curtis, Carey, et al.
(författare)
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Public Transport Accessibility Tools Matter: A case study of Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-624X. ; 7:1, s. 96-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban transport investment decision-making has relied on traditional modelling tools that forecast travel demand based on existing travel patterns. This approach has also underpinned decisions about future urban development. Latent travel demand is poorly understood, and this is particularly important given policy aspirations for the take-up of more sustainable transport modes such as public transport. Accessibility tools can make an important contribution to future development and investment decisions given this policy aspiration. In this paper, public transport supply is assessed using an accessibility tool and then compared to travel patterns. By assessing both public transport supply and travel demand through an accessibility lens we are able to gain insight into the latent demand for public transport. An innovative segmentation type approach is employed by comparing supply and demand and from this a typology is proposed as a framework for a more holistic public transport investment strategy. This takes into account public transport accessibility, travel demand of trip makers and their socio-economic situation, set in the context of the urban region.
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| 9. |
- Elldér, Erik
(författare)
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Active travel and telework in Sweden: Teleworkers walk more, but cycle less
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is extensive literature on how telework influences daily travel, mainly focusing on daily travel demand. What is overlooked is the possibility that telework provides scope for more active travel on foot or by bicycle. The aim of this article is to investigate whether teleworkers are more likely to walk or cycle than non-teleworkers. We use representative microdata from the Swedish National Travel survey 2011–2016 and disaggregate the analysis in novel ways, including separating walking and cycling. We conclude that in general teleworkers walk more but cycle less. Teleworkers walk more for service purposes, and cycle less when commuting. The strongest correlation between telework and active travel are found when teleworking for a full day. However, similar active travel behavior is shown on non-(tele)working days, indicating that teleworking is habit-forming when it comes to active travel.
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| 10. |
- Elldér, Erik
(författare)
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Does telework lead to more walking and cycling? Analyzing the associations between telework and active travel in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: NECTAR Cluster 4 Workshop: Teleworking, commuting and the housing market in the post COVID19 era, March 17-18, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an extensive literature on how telework influences daily travel, mainly focusing daily travel demand. What is then overlooked is the possibility that telework makes room for more active travel on foot or by bicycle. The aim of this article is to investigate whether and how teleworkers are more likely to walk and/or cycle than gainfully employed non-teleworkers. We use representative micro data from the Swedish national travel survey 2011-2016 and disaggregate the analysis in novel ways, including separating walking and cycling. We conclude that teleworkers walk more but cycle less in general. Teleworkers walk more for service purposes, and cycle less when commuting. The largest effects of telework are found when teleworking full day. However, similar active travel behavior can also be demonstrated during non-(tele)working days, indicating that teleworking is habit-forming when it comes to active travel.
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