| 1. |
- Lanzano, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
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International aid and gendered roles in agricultural value chains : some reflections from a rural development program in Northern Senegal
- 2014
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In: Journal of Universities and international development Cooperation. - 2531-8772. ; 1, s. 671-679
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Overcoming the gender gap in agriculture is nowadays one of the focal points of major international institutions, governments and development agencies. In this paper, we discuss some effects of international aid in rural contexts on gender dynamics and women’s empowerment. Through the analysis of some small-scale projects in Northern Senegal – implemented within a wide rural development aid program in West Africa - we develop some reflections on the observed women-oriented projects: we stress the risk that women end up being “locked” into pre-defined roles, namely in small-scale food processing activities, by a standardized logic of aid projects. We develop an analysis of the practices that may lead to this outcome and of the characteristics of such “women roles” in value chains. We discuss this observation in the light of the gendered division of tasks in primary products value chains and of the literature on the integration of “gender” in development thinking. By means of this analysis, we draw some reflections on the discrepancy between explicit empowerment goals and unintended outcomes of aid.
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| 2. |
- Cadstedt, Jenny
(author)
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Tenants' and owners' participation in rotating savings groups and help groups : A study of housing tenure forms and social inclusion in Mwanza city, Tanzania
- 2012
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In: IDPR. International Development Planning Review. - : Liverpool University Press. - 1474-6743 .- 1478-3401. ; 34:1, s. 19-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- International policy emphasises the importance of slum dwellers' rights of access to cities and their social inclusion. Legalisation of land holdings in informal settlements is one way of enacting this policy. However, this measure favours house owners over the large proportion of tenants renting rooms in private houses in informal settlements in many cities in the global South. Rental housing is neglected by many governments. What role does the form of house tenure play in other processes of social inclusion in informal settlements? This article examines one of many forms of social inclusion: participation of tenants and owners in rotating savings groups and help groups in two areas in Mwanza city, Tanzania. The results indicate that both tenants and owners participate in groups, which are based not only on the geographical area of residence but on work, ethnicity and religion. The study also indicates that not all groups accept tenants as members, because of their high mobility.
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| 3. |
- Udelsmann Rodrigues, Cristina
(author)
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Strategies of Urban Inclusion in the Imagined Modern Luanda
- 2016
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In: Governing Urban Africa. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781349951086 - 9781349951093 ; , s. 191-211
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Luanda, the capital of Angola, has recently been subjected to extraordinary changes, supported by increased wealth and investments associated with the end of the war. The ideas of modernity that clearly stand out are deeply rooted in the city’s configuration and reconfiguration over the years. They inform not only the modernising perspectives and philosophy of policymakers and investors but also those of the urban dwellers. Often, however, the imagined modernity and its benefits do not match the lived realities. This chapter makes reference to the evolution of the city, emphasising the differences between main periods and identifying the underlining strategies in terms of inclusions and exclusions. The conclusions presented, based on empirical and documentary research, point to shifting strategies of urban inclusion and changing categories of the excluded.
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| 4. |
- Utas, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Networked City Life in Africa: Introduction
- 2012
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In: Urban Forum. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1015-3802 .- 1874-6330. ; 23:4, s. 409-414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Lindell, Ilda
(author)
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The contested spatialities of transnational activism : gendered gatekeeping and gender struggles in an African association of informal workers
- 2011
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In: Global Networks. - : Wiley. - 1470-2266 .- 1471-0374. ; 11:2, s. 222-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article I explore the geographies of emerging transnational networks of organized informal workers, with empirical reference to a local association based in Mozambique and a transnational network of which it is part. I uncover the gendered spatialities of this transnational activism to demonstrate how participation is unequal and heavily mediated rather than direct. In particular, I show how influential actors have engaged in practices of gendered gatekeeping that tend to keep women in place. I also explore the tensions that emerged because of these practices and the negotiation of divergent gender ideologies and strategies within the network. In the article, I relate to recent theoretical work that problematizes the unequal and contested geographies of transnational activism, and introduce insights from feminist scholarship to reflect on gender inequalities and gender visions in transnational networks.
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| 6. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(author)
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Perceptions of the impacts of urban sprawl among urban and peri-urban dwellers of Hyderabad, India : a Latent class clustering analysis
- 2022
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In: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975. ; 24:11, s. 12787-12812
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Like many other developing countries, urban sprawl is a growing phenomenon in India, which poses socio-economic and environmental challenges that worryingly affect urban sustainability. In this study, a latent class clustering approach was used to investigate perceptions of urban sprawl among 622 urban and peri-urban dwellers in Hyderabad. The empirical results clustered the respondents into three distinct classes based on their perceptions of urban sprawl impacts: ‘undecided respondents’, ‘negative perceivers’, and ‘opportunity perceivers’. The majority of respondents were undecided with no strong views towards the impacts of urban sprawl, which may increase their vulnerability and hinder effective adaptation to the adverse economic, social and environmental effects of urban sprawl. This also provokes concerns about the effectiveness of government interventions to build public awareness of urban development and its impacts on the city. With regard to the role of demographic and socio-economic characteristics in shaping the perception of the respondents, the results revealed that social caste plays a determining role in forming dwellers’ perception. In particular, members of marginalised social castes were more likely to form positive perceptions of the impacts of urban sprawl as urban expansion generates better and stable income that improve their social status. In addition, individuals with higher levels of education were more likely to form negative or positive perceptions, implying that efforts to raise social capital could be a useful means for mitigating the impacts of urban sprawl. Finally, membership in community development organisations was a key factor in dictating membership of the negative perceivers’ class. Overall, our findings suggest that an appropriate policy framework and specific programmes are needed for enhancing dwellers’ perception towards the impacts of urban sprawl, which can enhance the design, acceptance, and implementation of a more sustainable governance of urbanisation and contribute to achieving urban sustainability in developing countries.
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| 7. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(author)
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Who moves and who gains from internal migration in Egypt?: Evidence from two waves of a labor market panel survey
- 2022
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In: Habitat International. - : Elsevier. - 0197-3975 .- 1873-5428. ; 124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent decades, Egypt has experienced rapid internal migration movements triggered by urbanization, socioeconomic development, and environmental changes. From a literature perspective, few scholarly studies have empirically examined the drivers and welfare impacts of internal migration in Egypt, despite the increasing recognition of its inextricably links to urban sustainability. The present study utilized data from two waves of an Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) conducted in 2012 and 2018 and consisting of 63,909 observations to examine factors that determine internal migration decisions and their subsequent welfare effects. The results of the two-stage Heckman selection model indicate that both the determinants of internal migration decisions and welfare outcomes differ appreciably depending on migration stream as well as the socioeconomic characteristics of the migrants. In particular, females were found to be more likely to migrate from rural to urban areas, lending support to the growing literature on the “feminization of migration” in developing countries. The OLS regression results, after correcting for self-selection, make a strong case for the positive welfare gains from internal migration in Egypt. Specially, we found that the welfare gains for older and female migrants are much higher than other age and gender groups. A comparison of the welfare effects between different migration streams shows that all migratory movements were associated with positive and statistically significant welfare gains, except for rural-to-urban migration that was surprisingly found to be associated with significant welfare loss for the migrants. Urban-to-urban migration was found to have the strongest welfare enhancing effects on all migrant groups. The empirical findings underline a number of research and policy implications for a sustainable management of internal migration in Egypt and other countries with similar internal migration trends.
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| 8. |
- Andræ, Gunilla
(author)
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Industry in Ghana : production form and spatial structure
- 1981
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the West African economies the incorporation into the world market has resulted in a variety of social production forms. Apart from the marginally remaining pre-capitalist forms, formal production on the pattern of the advanced industrialised economies is found side-by-side with a substantial of informally organised activities. The latter are specialised activities which retain pre-capitalist forms of social organisation and modes of interaction while they are in various ways integrated in the market for rawmaterials, output, labour and skills.This study of the structure of production forms found in the manufacturing industry in Ghana in the 1960's and of the resulting implications for the structure of the Ghanaian national economy as a whole. Focus is on 'development' implications connected with the spatial organisation of the sector and the spatial element that is found in the division of labour between formal and informal industry.It is thus a contribution to the probe into the forms for 'articulation of modes of production' connected with capitalist penetration in Africa after Independence. It adds to the understanding of the conditions for counteracting structural imbalance and inequality particularly.
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| 9. |
- Bwalya Umar, Bridget, 1976-
(author)
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Adapting to Climate Change Through Conservation Agriculture : A Gendered Analysis of Eastern Zambia
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explored the use of conservation agriculture (CA) as a climate adaptationstrategy among smallholder farmers in Eastern Zambia. Using 761 household interviewsand 33 focus group discussions (FGDs) with smallholder farmers from six districts, datawas collected on how smallholder farmers in the region experience climate change,what CA practices they had adopted, and benefits and challenges associated withCA practice. Results show that men and women farmers had similar experiences ofclimate change, namely late onset of a shortened rainy season, intra-seasonal droughtand higher temperatures. Farmers’ perceptions of gender-mediated effects of climatechange had important nuances. The three most cited effects of climate change onwomen mentioned by women were lower crop yields, outbreaks of armyworms andreduced livestock fodder. The men thought women were most affected by increasedhunger, lower crop yields and reduced domestic water sources. According to the womenFGDs, men were most affected through reduced crop yields, increases in livestockdiseases and increased hunger. The men self-reported reduced crop yields, reducedwater for livestock and outbreaks of armyworms. Both men and women saw CA ashaving climate change adaptation benefits. For the women, men most benefitted fromCA through the high moisture holding capacity of basins, higher crop yields and reducedlabor requirements through use of oxen ripping. The men most appreciated the highcrop yields, improved soil fertility and reduced costs as less fertilizer is used. The womencited the high moisture holding capacity of basins, high crop yields and improved soilfertility as benefits they most commonly derived from CA, while the men thought thewomen most benefitted from CA through the higher crop yields, improved soil fertilityand crop tolerance to droughts. The study concludes that there is room for CA to serveas a climate smart agricultural system for both men and women smallholder farmers inEastern Zambia. However, this will require addressing important challenges of high weedpressure, high labor demands, and low access to manure, and CA farming implements.The CA package for Zambia should include access to timely climate information andclimate informed crop choices
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| 10. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(author)
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Ambivalent inheritance : Jinja Town in search of a postcolonial refrain
- 2011
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In: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Routledge. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 482-504
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Jinja Town in Uganda, selected as one of five centres of growth in the post-WWII era of colonial developmentism, is perennially represented in the Ugandan media as the quintessential industrial town gone off-track. This is particularly evident for the case of the African housing estates built in Jinja in the 1950s where the dominant everyday rhythm is no longer dictated by the factory siren or the monthly wage but is instead a landscape scored by multiple rhythms. By conceptualising these estates as inherited machines – still loaded with a profusion of signs and objects from the era of the modern industrial ‘refrain’ – this paper seeks both to illustrate the colonial planning rationality and to examine contemporary processes of vernacular urbanism and contestations surrounding ‘re-occupations’ of the post-colonial city. It is argued that we need to seriously question any a priori invocation of a generic form of vernacular urbanism that is (or is not) to be prioritized over or ‘mixed’ with a Western planning cycle. Instead, the case study shows how historically mediated place specificities complicate the notion that the logics of place making can be unproblematically abstracted from.
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