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| 2. |
- Alstam, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Finding a Suitable Object for Intervention: On Community-Based Violence Prevention in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Societies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4698. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, local municipalities, working in collaboration with the police, are assigned an important role in community-based crime prevention and the promotion of safer neighbourhoods/cities. The strategies adopted are supposed to be informed by the policies of national advisory bodies, which emphasize surveying the current situation, problem analyses, systematic planning of interventions and evaluation of efforts. This paper reports on a three-year research project that studied local crime prevention/safer community practices in four so-called 'particularly vulnerable areas' (PVAs) using meeting observations and stakeholder interviews. The analysis shows that when constructing intervention strategies, the actors involved had to navigate between different organizational logics and found it difficult to demarcate a suitable object for joint efforts. When they were able to find an object to be targeted, such as youth at risk of drug abuse or low-level criminality, they could rely on a collective mindset, but they struggled in situations where a joint effort was not possible, such as when dealing with the risk of aggravated violence or when the operations got close to more organized crime-both elements that form part of the definition of PVAs. This failure may partly be explained by competing logics dominated by idiosyncratic action in line with bureaucratic rules and routines. This finding raises questions about a putative but non-articulated limit to crime prevention and whether a predetermined approach aligns with the prescribed sequence of survey, analysis, intervention planning and evaluation when faced with more brutish violence.
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- Forkby, Torbjörn, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Leaving gangs : failed brotherhood and reconstructed masculinities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gangs in the Era of Internet and Social Media.. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030472139 - 9783030472146 ; , s. 155-173
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hope of finding a community, a brotherhood, is a key reason for why one joins a gang, together with the longing for personal achievement, success, and respect. For most gang members this dream may not come true. There are proposals of how to understand “gangs” – their organizational structures; taking account of aspects such as economy, durability, hierarchies, and territoriality; and coordination of criminal activities. This chapter adds to the literature about features of gang organizational structure, suggesting that processes external and internal to the gang are closely connected to the process of leaving gangs. We will use modern research on masculinities to discuss how these desires and intentions make, especially for some males, the gangs attractive to join, but also to understand the reorganization of one’s life contingences and a restructuring of (gender) identity when leaving the gang. All this takes place in the interplay between the individual and the surrounding environment, in which the individual’s will and intentions function both as driving forces and as outcomes. The data for the chapter comes from a 3-year-long study on exit processes from gangs, funded by the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. The research project includes 20 interviews with former gang members and 41 with employees within different agencies (public and NGOs) connected to different parts of the exit process.
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| 5. |
- Forkby, Torbjörn, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Lekmannastyrning inom social barnavård
- 2015
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Ingår i: Människobehandlande organisationer. Villkor för ledning, styrning och professionellt välfärdsarbete.. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. - 9789127136311
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Liljegren, Andreas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Laypersons, professions and governance in the welfare state : the Swedish child protection system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Professions and Organization. - : Oxford University Press. - 2051-8803 .- 2051-8811. ; 1:2, s. 161-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes and analyses laypersons’ role in networks of expertise and their relationship to professions. It is suggested that networks of expertise are a profitable way of analysing claims-making activities, as it opens up for groups other than professions to be included in the discussion. In the first part of the article, three interest groups—professions, laypersons, and service users—who base their legitimacy on knowledge, are described, analysed, and compared. It is argued that what is special about laypersons’ claims-making activities is that they are built on general common sense instead of the more specialized knowledge that professions and service users build their legitimacy on. In the second part, child protection systems in three countries are compared. The US system is described as professionalized, the English one as semi-professional and the Swedish case as deprofessionalized (or laypersonalized). The third part of the article looks closer at Sweden and asks: who are the laypersons in the Swedish child protection system? How much can the laypersons be regarded as professionals working in a layperson system and how strong is the political affiliation? The conclusions include that laypersons are identified as having two roles: holding executive powers, as in child protection in Sweden and England, and a more consultative and supervisory role. Either way it can be seen as a weakness for a profession to be subordinated to laypersons, yet it can also be a strength for a specific network of expertise.
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| 8. |
- Jernbro, Carolina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk- och skyddsfaktorer för barns utveckling utifrån ett socioekologiskt perspektiv
- 2023. - 1st
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Ingår i: Prevention med barn och unga. - Lund, Sweden : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144159720 ; , s. 77-98
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlet görs en genomgång av vilka skyddande faktorer samt vilka riskfaktorer som är viktiga att uppmärksamma i det preventiva arbetet med barn och unga. Här anläggs ett socialekologiskt systemperspektiv på barns uppväxt.
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| 9. |
- Forkby, Torbjörn, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Tension management and support when leaving a gang
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Work. - : Sage Publications. - 1468-0173 .- 1741-296X. ; 24:2, s. 155-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SummaryGangs are commonly presented in research as an attractive alternative for those who feel excluded and unrecognized in “ordinary” society. Gang life is volatile, however, and violence (open or suppressed) is more or less omnipresent. Exiting a gang seems to be motivated by both thoughts of a better life and disappointment in the gang's failure to meet hopes and expectations.FindingsFrom an analysis of former gang members exit processes, this article investigates what about gang life was stressful and motivated participants dropout, how they coped with tensions, and elaborates how social work could use this tension productively to support people exiting gangs. The data consist primary of interviews with 20 former gang members and 42 professionals. Organizational theory was used in combination with theories on liminality and identity reformation to understand how tensions occurred in gang life, how they were managed, and what caused exit.ApplicationsSocial workers may help members exit from gangs by supporting and strengthening their motivations to leave, stimulating their self-reflection, and reminding them of their past transformative. Most important, gang members should be helped to recognize the positive urges that drew them towards gangs and refocus those wishes for community to general society.
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| 10. |
- Alstam, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Ett smörgåsbord av möjligheter : en värderande analys av Passus avhopparstöd för personer som lämnar gäng och kriminalitet
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gäng framställs inte sällan som ett hot mot samhällets ordning. Våldsamma uppgörelser mellan olika konstellationer har sedan åtminstone 20-hundratalets inledning återkommit i upphettade politiska diskussioner såväl som i medierna. Krav på mer kraftfulla åtgärder har varit gängse, ofta med starka repressiva inslag där polis och kriminalvård varit de centrala aktörerna. Denna rapport belyser gängtillvaron, och framförallt vägen ut från sådana från ett annat håll. Här får vi möta personer som fått nog av gänget och vill starta om med ett annat slags liv. Vi möter personer med låg tillit till samhällets förmåga att stödja dem i vägen ut, och undersöker vad det är i Passus avhopparverksamhet som skänker hopp om att ett annat liv är möjligt. Den väg de har att vandra är i många fall lång och det finns mycket som utmanar under resan, och som skulle kunna få dem att vända tillbaka. Genom att erbjuda ett flexibelt stöd som kopplar an till den enskilde när, på det sätt och i de avseenden som behövs exemplifierar Passus hur ett stödarbete skulle kunna se ut. Nämligen att erbjuda ett smörgåsbord fullt av möjligheter.Rapporten vänder sig till alla som professionellt, i sin utbildning eller på annat sätt har intresserade av arbete med gäng och att skapa alternativ till gängtillvaron. Den är skriven av Kristina Alstam, lektor i socialt arbete vid Göteborgs universitet, Torbjörn Forkby, professor i socialt arbete och Daniel Holm, adjunkt i socialt arbete, de två senare vid Linnéuniversitetet.
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