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| 2. |
- Feijoo, C., et al.
(author)
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Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy
- 2020
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In: Telecommunications Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-5961. ; 44:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests—and even their own political stability—in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.
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| 3. |
- Plehwe, Dieter, et al.
(author)
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CSSN Research Report 2021:2: The Mises Network and Climate Policy
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Think tanks have played a decisive role in the organised obstruction of climate action, denying, minimising, or derailing ambitious climate change mitigation. This research briefing reviews the case of the Ludwig von Mises Institutes and the Property and Freedom Society, a network of ultra-libertarian groups active around the world, which we refer to as the Mises Institute Network in the mobilisation and the dissemination of climate policy opposition discourse. We review the origins, the history, the global distribution and the climate-related output of 31 Mises Institutes between 2000 and 2021.
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| 4. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(author)
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Residents' collective strategies of resistance in Global South cities' informal settlements: Space, scale and knowledge
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751. ; 125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines the strategies of resistance articulated by residents of informal settlements response to urban exclusion. Building upon resistance and urban social movements literature the paper is informed by the case of the Villa Rodrigo Bueno in Buenos Aires, a self-constructed villa miseria, and its residents' stories of resistance to attempts of evictions and upgrading programs. In the paper we show how resistance is mobilized, first through its simultaneous disconnection, due to its remoteness and isolation; and reconnection to local and global supportive networks. While disconnection facilitated self-construction, densification and the blooming of informal entrepreneurship; reconnection through relational and multiscalar sites enabled unexpected encounters with distant actors that contributed to resist evictions. Second, the long-term learning and development of self-knowledge (i.e. construction, or housing law), embedded in the remoteness of the informal settlement, contributed to shift expertise from city officers to residents; redefining the role of informal residents into active citizens and experts in policy making, and turning informal settlements into settings of wider social change.
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| 5. |
- Matala, Saara, 1985
(author)
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National Security, Security of Supply. Finlandisation as a Diplomatic Practice and the Finnish Energy Dependency on the Soviet Union, 1948–1992
- 2023
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In: International History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0707-5332 .- 1949-6540. ; 45:3, s. 551-571
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the intermingling of national security and security of oil supply in Finland through the Finnish oil policy, 1948–1992. During the Cold War, Finland built its oil economy based on Soviet oil instead of diversity and multilateral cooperation. That was closely related to the Finnish overarching Cold War policy that prioritised political and economic relations with the Soviet Union, referred to as finlandisation. The article scrutinises the ubiquitous influence of Soviet relations in Finnish society through the oil policy and shows how finlandisation as a policy strategy transformed into political practice. Two factors explain why Finland became dependent on Soviet oil: the double-coupling of national security and welfare and the quest for stability in Soviet relations. Two factors explain the longevity of Finnish dependency on Soviet oil: the intermingling of oil imports and export revenues and finlandisation as an established pattern of reasoning and decision-making. However, Finland was not a passive actor but managed its oil supply security through extensive socio-technical systems, including infrastructure and relations with other suppliers.
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| 6. |
- Siegel, Karen M., et al.
(author)
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When international sustainability frameworks encounter domestic politics: The sustainable development goals and agri-food governance in South America
- 2020
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In: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been heralded as a landmark achievement and a major opportunity for transformative and inclusive change towards sustainability. This promise, however, remains largely unverified. To help fill this gap, we examine how the SDGs have been taken up in the domestic politics of agri-food governance – a salient and contested policy area – in three South American countries: Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Our empirical assessment is based on a scoping of the institutions set up for domestic SDG governance, document analysis of the first voluntary national reviews on the SDGs, and 63 key-informant interviews. The analysis shows that the ability of the SDGs to strengthen inclusiveness is largely shaped by domestic politics, pre-existing institutions and power relations, as well as the resources, capacities and prior experiences of civil society and subnational governments. In practice, the SDGs’ emphasis on inclusion does not necessarily mean that a wider range of perspectives are taken into account in domestic contexts. In Paraguay, the implementation of the SDGs so far mirrors the patterns of marginalization evident also in other policy processes. In Uruguay and Brazil, the SDGs have offered possibilities for at least drawing attention to a variety of perspectives by strengthening the already existing, fairly open political institutions in the case of Uruguay, and by opening up a space for contestation by civil society organizations and subnational governments in the case of Brazil. The SDGs may then be an opportunity for change, but there is also a risk that they become a justification for business as usual. Actors now employ metonymy as a tactic, cherry-picking preferred goals or targets as a sign of supposed adherence to the whole 2030 Agenda. Further research is needed with more ex-post analyses of the SDGs beyond the praising of their nominal transformative potential.
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| 7. |
- Berndtsson, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Tillbaka till framtiden? Svenskarnas syn på försvaret, värnplikten och Nato
- 2017
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In: Ulrika Andersson, Jonas Ohlsson, Henrik Ekengren Oscarsson och Maria Oskarson (red.) Larmar och gör sig till. Göteborgs universitet: SOM-institutet.. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. ; , s. 597-610, s. 597-610
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Svensk försvarspolitik befinner sig i förändring. Ett drygt decennium av försvars-politisk inriktning mot militära uppdrag utanför Sveriges gränser har ersatts av ett lika tydligt fokus på återuppbyggnad av en nationell försvarsförmåga. I det här kapitlet diskuterar vi vad denna förändring betyder för försvarets legitimitet hos den svenska befolkningen, och på vilket sätt den hänger samman med förändringar i den svenska säkerhets- och försvarspolitiska opinionen. Resultaten visar att tre av fyra svenskar tycker det är viktigt att Sverige har ett starkt militärt försvar och viljan att minska försvarsutgifterna ligger på historiskt låg nivå. Stödet för att åter tillämpa värnplikt fortsätter att öka. Stödet för ett svenskt Nato-medlemskap har försvagats och förtroendet för försvaret har minskat något.
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Prerequisites and Conditions for Socially Sustainable Manufacturing in Europe’s Future Factories – results overview from the SO SMART Project
- 2016
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In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 490, s. 319-330
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the EU project SO SMART(Socially Sustainable Manufacturing for the Factories of the Future), acoordinated support action (CSA) project. SO SMART examined the conditionsin Europe for creating socially sustainable workplaces in the manufacturingsector, where factories flourish along with their social environment. The projectwas international (with partners from five countries), multidisciplinary andparticipatory, involving participation of several science domain experts and awider community of academic and industry beneficiaries who participated inpanels, workshops, conference events and an online forum created specificallyfor the project.
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| 9. |
- Massaro, Maria, 1989
(author)
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Radio spectrum regulation as a matter of international affairs: discussing the effectiveness of the European Union at World Radiocommunication Conferences
- 2018
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In: Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance. - 2398-5038. ; 20:5, s. 373-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to discuss the effectiveness of the European Union (EU) at World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) by comparing EU objectives prior to and outcomes of recent WRCs. Design/methodology/approach: A thematic analysis of qualitative data extracted from documents is conducted. The effectiveness of the EU is discussed by using the concepts of agenda-setting and coalition-building, borrowed from international relations literature. Findings: A clear conclusion on EU effectiveness could not be drawn based on the degree of match between EU objectives and WRC outcomes. Other factors need to be included in the analysis, such as relevance of the EU’s participation at WRCs to the EU member states and availability and allocation of EU resources to the various stages of the WRC process. Research limitations/implications: Further research is encouraged to investigate the role of the EU at WRCs. In particular, interviews with experts involved in the WRC process may help gather relevant information on EU relevance and EU resource availability and allocation. Originality/value: This paper contributes to existing research on international radio spectrum regulation by drawing attention to the role of the EU as an international actor.
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