| 1. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
Disputed policy change: the role of external events, policy learning and negotiated agreements in coastal and marine conservation planning.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at the 2018 conference of the European Consortium for Political Research.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What are the driving forces behind and obstacles to policy change in disputed policy processes? The general purpose of this paper is to explore and explain policy change – a major and debated issue in contemporary policy research – in the context of Swedish coastal and marine conservation planning. The paper draws on the advocacy coalition framework that accentuates the critical role of coalitions for the outcome of policy processes and identifies three primarily drivers to policy change: triggering key events, policy learning and negotiations via brokerage. Three national park planning processes, with divergent results, are mapped and analysed over 30 years time through a document- and interview study. What combination of factors in relation to policy coalitions – triggering events, policy learning and negotiated agreements – can explain divergent outcomes in the studied national park planning processes? The empirical analysis identified all three factors as important for the turnout. Triggering events, in combination with either negotiated agreements or policy learning, were the main pathways to change and our findings suggest that the type of policy beliefs around which the competing coalitions are formed influenced the specific route taken The results of the study contribute with knowledge on disputed policy change and give rise to new intriguing questions; they provide an empirical illustration of political conflicts and their solutions in nature conservation, and generate insights critical to the implementation of international and national conservation policy in multi-level governance systems.
|
|
| 2. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968
(författare)
-
Integrative & Sustainable Management of Marine Resources: Institutional Development in Sweden : A cross-level analysis of the fit between the social and the ecological system
- 2009
-
Ingår i: EU-project HERMES (Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Sas) Final conference, Hotel Tivoli Almansor, Carvoeiro, Portugal, 2.-6. March 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This part of the HERMIONE-project analyses how Sweden deals with challenges of integrative marine- and coastal management by discussing selected initiatives with innovative traits and their potentials and problems. International initiatives calling for integrative and participatory management – such as the application of the ecosystem approach based on the Convention of Biodiversity and the European Union’s Marine Directive and ICZM-recommendations – put pressure also on Sweden to go beyond traditional sector-based and top down resource management. Building integrative management of coastal and marine resources into a centralist and sector-based system of governance as in Sweden presents numerous challenges. Integrative approaches used so far have been municipal spatial planning, the ongoing implementation of watershed management based on the EU Water Framework Directive, and a number of resource-specific initiatives on local or regional level. Especially challenging is the management of offshore areas, where so far no cross-sector instruments are existing. The issue is how to build a management system connecting sectors and levels in an optimal way. A proposal of how to reorganise and complement the existing institutional system has been presented by the Inquiry Commission on the Marine Environment. This project shall analyse both the existing and coming system and selected ongoing processes, where local management of marine resources has been linked with higher-level systems of governance in an innovative way.The case studies will include stakeholder analysis, conflict analysis and how the present management system deals with them (policies and management instruments and the effects). Special attention will be directed towards stakeholder participation in marine management and an integrative management perspective including integration between sectors, levels, and across different types of knowledge (interdisciplinary scientifc and transdisciplinary including everyday knowledge). There will be an archipelago/coast case in the Koster-Hvaler- area within the territorial waters, where marine national parks are planned on both sides of the Swedish/Norwegian border and an offshore case in the Bratten area (EEZ), if Swedish marine planning comes under way during the time of HERMIONE. Of special interest is the development of a collaboration between fishermen, authorities and scientists in the Koster-Väderöarea and what has been achieved through this process and what potential there is to translate such an approach to other areas, not the least with a perspective on how to protect and enhance the habitat of coldwater corals. This fits well together with natural scientific research in NE Skagerrak, where several large complexes of cold-water coral ecosystems have recently been found in coastal deep-water channels (Koster-Väderö-trench system in SE and farther north in the Hvaler area in NO) and in canyon systems in the open Skagerrak (among other Bratten-area). This is a long distance from the closest known cold water coral ecosystems on the Atlantic Margin. Methods to be used include literature review, document analysis, direct observation, interviews and some further, more participatory research techniques.
|
|
| 3. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
The Road Towards Koster Sea National Park - Potentials and Challenges of Implementing Ecosystem Based and Participatory Maritime Management
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report provides results from a comprehensive analysis of the process leading towards Koster Sea national park, Sweden’s first marine national park. International pressure for participatory and ecosystem based management of marine resources is increasing (e.g. Convention of Biodiversity or EU’s Integrated Maritime Policy, Marine Strategy Directive, and ICZM-recommendations). Introducing integrative, participatory management of marine resources to a centralist, sector-based system of governance as in Sweden presents challenges. Various management experiments are under way. An interesting one combines protection and sustainable use in Sweden’s most valuable marine cold-water habitats: Koster Sea national park was inaugurated 2009 in parallel to the Norwegian park Ytre Hvaler and covers a large part of the archipelago and territorial waters in the municipalities of Tanum and Strömstad. The park makes an example for innovative marine management. The road towards it has been long and curvy. In the wake of proposals and protests, a process of community development with an integrative sustainability perspective has developed through an intensive dialogue between authorities and local stakeholders. After 30 years of recurring clashes locals and authorities agree that ecological and cultural values can be protected and used at the same time – under the condition that these uses are designed to be long-term sustainable, and evaluated and developed further in collaboration. Top-down management has met bottom-up initiative. Conservation is no more seen as a dead end by the users but as providing potential for rural development with sustainable tourism. The park’s goals include conservation, education, and sustainable use. Locals are not merely tolerated but an important part in the park's co-management structure – the steering committee Koster Sea Delegation and its working groups. Many participants are interested in analysing this process, which they call the ”Koster Sea Dialogue” in order to learn from it. The participation-process has been documented by the project “The Road Towards Koster Sea National Park”, financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The study focused on the process, its drivers, the institutional framework, participation, stakeholders’ roles and networks, and conflict management. Methods include semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. An important process characteristic has been the long-term, active involvement of those living and working in the area. Local perspectives and knowledge have reached authorities to a larger extent than usual, making solutions adapted to local circumstances. Another characteristic is a linking of fisheries and local socio-economic development with conservation. The use of a rural development perspective, an evolving collaboration over years and active individuals at many levels have been important too. Researchers at the local marine research station have been important knowledge bearers and defenders of conservation but also translators and mediators in clashes between conservation and use. Other, more “usual” factors have been political interest, time, and resources. However, delegating the responsibility for a participation process to locals and letting it develop ad-hoc has its challenges. In rural areas it is important to proceed with care. Here, individuals are a main driving force – on leisure time. It cannot be expected from all to have the skills and resources for process leadership. People depend on each other and may be reluctant to confront neighbors. Conflicts easily become destructive if escalated. Locally based, ad-hoc process management allows for adaptation to local needs but is less transparent for outsiders. Continuous collaboration over years builds trust among those involved. On the flip side, an insider-elite with access to knowledge but little time to work with outreach may unintentionally be excluding others. Even if delegated to local forces, such processes require authorities’ back up with financial and other resources. The planning is concluded; implementation has just begun. Assessing the process from an adaptive co-management and ecosystem approach perspective – using criteria such as integration along various dimensions, adaptation and learning, participation, and a sustainable development perspective integrating ecological limits with socio-economic needs – the process and its institutional arrangements score relatively high. Some things need to be developed further: • A larger scale marine planning perspective including uses and environment in the surroundings. • The management system with working groups and the roles of the Delegation. • An more structured communication and participation planning and readiness for conflict management. • Monitoring effects in all three dimensions of sustainable development: ecological, social, economic. • Developing structures for organizational learning.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sjöstedt, Martin, 1977
(författare)
-
Horizontal and vertical resource dilemmas in natural resource management: the case of African fisheries
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 14:4, s. 616-624
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The world’s fisheries are under severe pressure. Yet, according to the marine trophic index, the health and stability of marine ecosystems vary greatly across countries. The argument developed and tested in this article holds that some of the sources of this variation can potentially be derived from differences in the character of two fundamental relationships in society – a horizontal one between resource users and a vertical relationship between the government and the resource users. The empirical analysis focuses on sub-Saharan Africa and finds that levels of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity and levels of democracy in the year that each country declared its exclusive economic zone have a close relationship with ensuing marine exploitation patterns.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hassler, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective action and agency in Baltic Sea marine spatial planning: Transnational policy coordination in the promotion of regional coherence
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 92, s. 138-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing attention given to marine spatial planning and the widely acknowledged need for transnational policy coordination, regional coherence has not yet improved a great deal in the Baltic Sea region. Therefore, the main objectives in this article are: (a) to map existing governance structures at all levels that influence how domestic marine spatial planning policy strategies are formed, (b) to identify specific challenges to improved regional cooperation and coordination, and (c) to discuss possible remedies. Based on data from in-depth case studies carried out in the BONUS BALTSPACE research project, it is shown that, despite the shared goal of sustainability and efficient resource use in relevant EU Directives, action plans and other policy instruments, domestic plans are emerging in diverse ways, mainly reflecting varying domestic administrative structures, sectoral interests, political prioritisations, and handling of potentially conflicting policy objectives. A fruitful distinction can be made between, on the one hand, regulatory institutions and structures above the state level where decision-making mechanisms are typically grounded in consensual regimes and, on the other hand, bilateral, issue-specific collaboration, typically between adjacent countries. It is argued that, to improve overall marine spatial planning governance, these two governance components need to be brought together to improve consistency between regional alignment and to enhance opportunities for countries to collaborate at lower levels. Issue-specific transnational working groups or workshops can be one way to identify and act upon such potential synergies. © 2018 The Authors
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of Swedish forests in climate change mitigation - A frame analysis of conflicting interests
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are assumed to play a significant role in relation to climate change mitigation. However, previous studies show that actor groups’ perspectives vary regarding how to best utilize forests. This paper focuses on exploring frames in recent Swedish forest- and climate politics and to what extent they may form the basis for conflict resolution or contribute to perpetuate conflicts among actors. The analysis of recent forest- and climate policies, and actor groups’ positioning on the issues, builds upon the pathways to sustainability approach in combination with frame analysis. The results showed that ideas based on “Ecological Modernisation†dominated within the forest-climate nexus, but also a clear presence of alternative frames promoting “Sustainable Developmentâ€. As a result, conflicting frames were identified within the policies on how to reach policy targets - stressing both the importance of consensus and neutral dialogue with actors, while concurrently prioritizing an economic perspective.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bondelind, Mia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Building trust: the importance of democratic legitimacy in the formation of consumer attitudes toward drinking water
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 21:1, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore the role of democratic decision legitimacy in the formation of consumer attitudes toward drinking water. Using consumer-level data on the decision to change the drinking water sources in two Swedish cities, three core sets of variables were constructed: (1) the overall democratic decision legitimacy, defined as the citizens' support for the decision; (2) the input, throughput and output dimensions of decision legitimacy, representing the citizens' perceived opportunity to provide input, their ability to oversee, as well as their level of satisfaction with the outcome of the decision-making process; and (3) consumer attitudes toward drinking water, comprising trust, risk perception and acceptance. The results of the study provide support for the proposed mechanism that consumers that perceive a decision-making process more positively also tend to support the ultimate decision more, which in turn helps to establish more positive consumer attitudes towards their drinking water. Consequently, democratic legitimacy is an important precursor for building trust. This is particularly important if a waterborne outbreak has negatively impacted consumers' trust in their water, and when political and engineering decisions must be made.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Norlin, Måns
(författare)
-
Communicating visions for urban development : a micro-study of a governance process
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the topic of policy making in the context of producing a comprehensive plan. The thesis uses the case of a municipality in Sweden. Contributing to the understanding of how governance processes can be performed, this thesis studies policy making in a collaborative situation. A form of micro-study is used to scrutinize in detail the dialogues between participants. The thesis applies Membership Categorization Analysis and Conversation Analysis to uncover the participants' accomplishments. The approaches reveal a variety of ways the participants perform planning, how visions and strategies are implemented in practice and how participants can reach agreement on planning issues. The study provides planning research with further understanding of the situatedness and epistemology of policy making, and it brings to light the variety of ways participants in policy making can enter and inform discussions, thereby enhancing the level of democracy in governance processes.
|
|
| 10. |
- Wilhelmsson, Erik
(författare)
-
Policy framework as related to multifunctional mountain forest management
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deliverable D3.1 is concerned with the identification and analysis of policies related to multifunctional mountain forest management. The deliverable is divided into two sub-tasks. WP3 Task 3.1.1 - macro-level policy framework - looked at European and international policies. Its aim was to collect and evaluate data from all trans- and international policies relevant to forest policies in mountain areas. The macro-level policy analysis utilised the ARANGE Forest Policy Database that contains legislation and policy documents that relates directly to forests, forest management and the mountain landscape. WP3 Task 3.1.2 - micro-level policy framework - analysed national policies. The analysis was based on Guidelines for national policy reports- National policy template (MS9). National policy reports were elaborated by each case country covered by the ARANGE project. All reports were compared and analysed, and the results from the micro-level analysis represents the second part of this deliverable.
|
|
