| 1. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking : The Swedish Prostitution Law
- 2011
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Ingår i: Michigan Journal of International Law. - 1052-2867. ; 33:1, s. 133-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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| 2. |
- Lundmark, Carina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring the effects of knowledge communication on conservation managers' perception of genetic biodiversity : a case study from the Baltic Sea
- 2019
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Ingår i: Marine policy. - : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 99, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the attention given to genetic biodiversity in international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan and the Aichi Targets, previous research points at a “conservation genetics gap,” indicating that scientific insights into genetic biodiversity are poorly integrated into practical management. Both researchers and managers call for platforms for knowledge exchange between science and practice. However, few scientific studies on the potential effects of such knowledge transfer have been conducted. The present study is a follow-up to Lundmark et al. (2017), which identified significant effects of two forms of knowledge communication on conservation managers’ concerns and beliefs in regard to Baltic Sea genetic biodiversity. This study departs from Lundmark et al. (2017) and explores (a) whether the identified alterations in knowledge and beliefs persist over time, and (b) whether potential stability differs between different types of policy beliefs as well as between two types of knowledge communication (lecture and group deliberation). The results of this follow-up study show that the positive impacts on managers’ self-assessed knowledge remained, while the effects on policy beliefs largely had vanished a few months after the knowledge communication. Thus, changes in beliefs seem perishable, suggesting that continuity is more important than the form of educational efforts.
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| 3. |
- Runcis, Maija, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Neither Fish nor Fowl : Educational Broadcasting in Sweden 1930-2000
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 'The history of Swedish broadcast media' is a mulddisciplinary researchproject that began as a joint effort by the public broadcasting enterprises in Sweden and is still active under the administration of Stiftdsen Etermediernas Hisloria. It was initially divided into Threeprojects: 'Radio, TV, and authority'; 'Society, news, and audience'; and'Best room, playroom'. A separate research programme on educationalbroadcast media, financed by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, UlbildningsRadion (UR), Stiftdsen Etermediernas Historia, and University of Linköping, ran between 1997 and 2006 and involved some twenty scholars. Professor Bengt Sandin at the University ofUnkiiping led the research programme and was responsible for its overall planning and design. The project resulted in seventeen anthologies and monographs, and a large number of articles. Sten-Åke Pettersson from UR served as the administrative head of the project, and brought valuable insight into the intricacies of media potitio; and its complicated history. The project also benefited immensely from an advisory committee with representatives from both academe and the educational media. The authors owe a debt of thanks to Lars Ag, Börje Dahlqvist, Sten-åke Pettersson, Gunilla Sterner-Kumm, and Jarl Torbacke for sharing their experiences and understanding of the processes studied. Together with the scholars who participated and wrote separate studies, we all formcd a vibrant and challenging multidisciplinary community, and the seminars and workshops were intellectually demanding and fun in equal measure. Thanks also to Charlotte Merton, who tnmslated the Swedish edition into elegant English, and Mark Davies, for the proofreading. We hope that this last book will convey some of the challenges. complications, and joys of coming to grips with the history and politics of educational media.
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| 4. |
- Erikson, Josefina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Sustainability in Parliamentary Gender Equality Work. Insights from the Swedish Riksdag
- 2024
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Ingår i: NORA. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-8740 .- 1502-394X. ; 32:1, s. 17-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has pointed to the need for addressing gender equality in parliaments in a broader perspective, focusing on gender sensitivity in parliaments in relation to structures, operations, methods and work. Up to now, however, the question of what it takes for this work to be long-lasting and sustainable has received limited attention. This article seeks to address this gap through a case study assessing the sustainability of the internal work of the Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) with regard to gender equality, focusing on the durability and renewal of early initiatives and reforms. On the basis of Riksdag documents and interviews with MPs during the period 1994-2022, we ask: How sustainable is the internal gender equality work of the Riksdag with respect to the three key areas of representation, infrastructure and culture? We find that the Riksdag has managed to conduct sustainable gender equality work over the course of three decades. Major factors in this success are the institutionalization of a Gender Equality Group, the adoption of Action Plans for Gender Equality every parliamentary term and the legitimacy provided by the support of the Speaker of the Riksdag and the Riksdag Board.
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| 5. |
- Bes, Bart Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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On Legitimacy Crises and the Resources of Global Governance Institutions : A Surprisingly Weak Relationship?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Global Policy. - : Wiley. - 1758-5880 .- 1758-5899. ; 10:3, s. 313-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While scholars commonly assume that Global Governance Institutions (GGIs) need legitimacy to perform effectively, there are few systematic empirical studies assessing the consequences of legitimacy (or the lack thereof) for the functioning of GGIs. Inspired by the new institutionalism in organization theory, which predicts that more legitimate organizations will get more resources than illegitimate ones, we look into how legitimacy affects the resourcing of GGIs. We assess how crises of legitimacy affect the staff and financial resources of 21 GGIs from 1985 to 2015. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that the effects of legitimacy crises on GGI resourcefulness are interesting but surprisingly weak, often GGI specific, and dependent on time and the source of the challenge. Specifically, we find that elite criticisms of GGIs lead to deep resource cuts in the short and medium term, while the effect of mass protests takes longer. The paper concludes by setting an agenda for further theorizing and empirical testing of the consequences of legitimacy in global governance.
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| 6. |
- Sahlin, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The 'Milky Way' of intermediary organizations : A transnational field of university governance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Policy and politics (Print). - : Policy Press. - 0305-5736 .- 1470-8442. ; 43:3, s. 407-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on transnational intermediary organizations in higher education and research. We conceive of intermediaries as organizations that are actively involved in transnational university governance without having formal access to or control over policy or governmental funding. Such intermediary organizations have in previous research been shown to play central roles in the development and circulation of new themes and ideas for how to manage universities and measure university performance. Intermediaries link different types of actors and act as translators of global themes. In this respect, they are decisive in policy formulation. While the expansion of such transnational intermediaries is well documented in earlier research, we know little about who they are and how they interact. The article is the first to map transnational intermediaries concerned with higher education and research, as well as their linkages with each other. Through an original web-crawling technique, we identify a large number of transnational intermediaries that are actively linked to each other. These intermediaries exhibit a dense and stretched-out pattern with no obvious single center of gravitation. Instead, the field consists of several smaller and clearly distinguished constellations, resembling the structure of the Milky Way. Using these data, we advance two main arguments. First, transnational university intermediaries form an organized field of their own, vouching for their importance for the scaling up of governance networks and the development of collaborative governance arrangements. Second, within this field, there are several clusters where certain intermediaries occupy a more central position in the field than others. In all, this article contributes to the existing literature on governance networks, sketching the consequences of intensified global activities among intermediaries for how new themes and ideas about university management travel and translate, highlighting the significance of intermediary organizations for national university systems and individual universities.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dahlerup, Drude, et al.
(författare)
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What does it mean to be a feminist MP? A comparative analysis of the Swedish and Danish parliaments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 27:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of whether political interests are gendered, and if so, how, has been a recurrent theme in research. While there have been several attempts recently to address gendered political interests theoretically, the central concept of feminism has not been explored in any depth in this context. This article uses unique data pertaining to self-identification as a “feminist” MP, and explores how it relates to gender, party and certain policy issues previously connected to women in Sweden and Denmark. The two neighboring countries both have a high representation of women, but while the Swedish government called itself “feminist,” this was unthinkable in the Danish case. Our main finding is that in both countries male feminist MPs deviate from their female counterparts by not supporting “acting for women” which indicates a separate and gendered understanding of what being a male feminist implies. However, no strong association addressing intrinsic feminists male concerns such as parental leave, was found. Another possibility could be that male feminists refrain from taking agency from females, what the “acting for” option could imply. We conclude that the concept of “acting for women” needs to be abducted from its central stance in feminism as a category of representation to mirror the multifaceted contemporary landscape.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Beckman, Ludvig, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence and democratic legitimacy. The problem of publicity in public authority
- 2024
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Ingår i: AI & Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 39, s. 975-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning algorithms (ML) are increasingly used to support decision-making in the exercise of public authority. Here, we argue that an important consideration has been overlooked in previous discussions: whether the use of ML undermines the democratic legitimacy of public institutions. From the perspective of democratic legitimacy, it is not enough that ML contributes to efficiency and accuracy in the exercise of public authority, which has so far been the focus in the scholarly literature engaging with these developments. According to one influential theory, exercises of administrative and judicial authority are democratically legitimate if and only if administrative and judicial decisions serve the ends of the democratic law maker, are based on reasons that align with these ends and are accessible to the public. These requirements are not satisfied by decisions determined through ML since such decisions are determined by statistical operations that are opaque in several respects. However, not all ML-based decision support systems pose the same risk, and we argue that a considered judgment on the democratic legitimacy of ML in exercises of public authority need take the complexity of the issue into account. This paper outlines considerations that help guide the assessment of whether a ML undermines democratic legitimacy when used to support public decisions. We argue that two main considerations are pertinent to such normative assessment. The first is the extent to which ML is practiced as intended and the extent to which it replaces decisions that were previously accessible and based on reasons. The second is that uses of ML in exercises of public authority should be embedded in an institutional infrastructure that secures reason giving and accessibility.
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