| 1. |
- Hansson, Lisa
(författare)
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Solving procurement problems in public transport : examining multi-principal roles in relation to effective control mechanisms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 29:1, s. 124-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the EU’s increasing role in regulating public transport procurement, few studies have considered this aspect when analysing procurement problems of public transport. This paper examines how the institutional relationships between different actors, including international governmental bodies, in public transport effects the possibility of exerting control over a county public transport authority (PTA) in a multi-principal setting. The analysis is carried out using empirical material from an infringement process including a Swedish PTA and the EU. The conclusions have clear policy implications for the procedural order when exerting control over the PTA in cases of procurement problems. It is for example shown, that the implementation process would be much more efficient if the regulations allowed the EU to impose sanctions directly towards the local authorities without having to involve the national government when the procurement laws are violated.
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| 2. |
- Paulsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping Smart Mobility Futures : Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart mobility includes automation, shared mobility services and other new forms of mobility made possible by digital technologies. This book argues that smart mobility will only be developed in a desired direction and fulfil global sustainability goals if it is steered in that direction. There is a vast body of literature on public policy and policy instruments, and there are many different conceptualisations and categorisations. Applying an open and broad approach, whereby a variety of policy instruments that are used to govern smart mobility are introduced and discussed, this book is ideal for both professionals and researchers. The book is organised into three parts: the first part explores why there is a need for policy instruments in relation to smart mobility, the second part examines how policy instruments are chosen and developed, and the third part explores what policy instruments are doing and what smart mobility is doing to them. Of the policy instruments used today, many focus on producing knowledge for governments and thereby making smart mobility governable. Because of the difficulties with implementing policy instruments that make the transport sector more sustainable, the book concludes by discussing in which ways citizen deliberation can breathe new life into the debate.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the SUNRA Tool to Improve Regional and Local Sustainability of the Transportation Sector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:18, s. 11275-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To fulfil the global sustainable development goals (SDGs), achieving sustainable development is becoming urgent, not least in the transportation sector. In response to this, the sustainability framework Sustainability National Road Administrations (SUNRA) was developed to contribute to improving the sustainability performance of national road administrations across Europe. In the present study, the framework has been tested, applied and further developed to be applicable for target setting and follow-up at the project level at both the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and at municipal levels. The aim was a framework relevant for investment, re-investments, maintenance and operation projects and also to make it more user applicable. The study also investigated how the framework can contribute to sustainability, identified drivers and barriers for applying the framework and examined whether the framework can be applied and adapted to projects of different complexities. The adaptations and developments were done in collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The results show that the framework could easily be used and adapted for investment, re-investment, maintenance and operation projects in the planning stage, as well as for small municipal establishments, construction or reconstruction of residential areas and frequent maintenance. The framework contributes to increased awareness on sustainability, and it provides a common structure and transparency on how infrastructure project goals/targets are set and fulfilled. The framework can also be applied to follow the fulfilment of the goals/targets and thereby adapt the project to better fulfil the goals. Identified barriers include the lack of obligations and lack of experience in using sustainability frameworks.
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| 5. |
- Fredriksson, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Störningsfri stad : slutrapport i projektet Visualiserad byggtrafikplanering för en störningsfri stadsutveckling
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Störningsfri stad har kombinerat kunskaper inom Trafikplanering, Visualisering, Bygglogistik, Sensorer och Offentlig planering och styrning. Projektet har letts av Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för Teknik och Naturvetenskap och finansierats av Vinnova, IHS. Projektet har löpt mellan slutet av 2018 och 2021 ut. Projektdeltagare har varit VTI, RISE, Norrköpings kommun, Linköpings kommun, Stockholm stad, Uppsala kommun, Trafikverket Projekt Ostlänken, LE Lundbergs Fastigheter, Wiklunds Åkeri, Wellsec, SanktKors, Byggföretagen, Telenor och Logistikia.Projektet har utvecklat en verktygsprototyp som stöttar kollaborativ planering av byggtrafik och stadsplanering genom att visualisera pågående byggprojekts sammanlagda mängd transporter och var i staden (i form av en kartvy) det uppstår störningar i form av förseningar pga dessa. Verktyget bygger på en MATSim trafikmodell (i nuläget Norrköping) inkluderande både persontransporter (modellerat baserat på mobilnätsdata) och byggtrafik (modellerat baserat på data från bygglogistiklösningar). Med hjälp av verktyget kan olika scenarier för att minska störningarna av byggtransporter testas. För att stötta användandet av verktyget har en kollaborativ planeringsprocess som visar på hur de olika aktörerna involverade i planeringen av byggtransporter och stadsutveckling behöver interagera med varandra utvecklats. Projektet också deltagit i utvecklingen av en sensorbox (partiklar, luftfuktighet, temperatur och ljud) samt slangmätningsmetodik för att öka kunskapen om byggtransporter. Baserat på de resultat som projektet har behovsägarna har påbörjat arbeten med att bättre hantera de störningar som uppstår pga byggprojekt i staden.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory measurements in policy coordinated practices : The case of promoting renewable energy and cleaner transport in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International organisations, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU), are seeking to implement a cohesive Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) system in order to achieve better regulation and increased unity and transparency. Central to these evaluations is the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and related tools. A comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the EU shows that many assessments lack important economic components. This paper draws on an extensive document study of the Swedish policy making process related to the EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. The aim of the paper is to examine how CBA is presented, negotiated and accounted for by central actors within a policy setting influenced by negotiation and policy coordination. The paper departs from a theoretical perspective on policy coordination and shows how this factor must be considered when explaining the low use of CBA. It concludes that the Swedish policy tradition, wherein the national government relies on consensus-based coordination between agencies, might counteract a more explicit assessment of different policy options. The paper also proposes a model that can be used for further studies on CBA and policy coordination.
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| 7. |
- Hrelja, Robert, 1974-
(författare)
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Integrating transport and land-use planning? : How steering cultures in local authorities affect implementation of integrated public transport and land-use planning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 74, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown integrated planning to be important for achieving aims concerning more environmentally friendly transport operations, but less good at explaining prerequisites of implementation. This paper analyses how management and working practises in local authorities, here understood as steering cultures, affect implementation of integrated land-use and public transport planning approaches. The analysis builds on case studies of planning in two Swedish municipalities. These have developed two antithetical steering cultures, namely one that can be described as deliberative and one that can be described as sectorised. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of these steering cultures. The findings show the deliberative model to facilitate integration through advanced mechanisms of consensus and co-ordination between policy-makers and officials. The sectorised model has no such mechanisms, but this need not result in poor prospects of integrated planning. It is important for integrated planning approaches, whatever the steering culture, to be in line with the institutionalised norms and objectives by which planning practices are governed. Integration therefore needs a normative component, so as to ensure implementation. The important normative component in this context can be construed as discourses and rationales concerning transport and the urban development of which public transport forms part.
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| 8. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Public-private MaaS : Unchallenged assumptions and issues of conflict in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite an increase in Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) initiatives that aim to pave the way for both public and private MaaS Operators, such MaaS models have received limited scholarly attention. Uncertainties therefore remain in terms of how public-private MaaS can be realized and governed. This paper addresses this problem through an exploratory case study of an attempt to reform the business ecosystem for mobility services in Sweden, which is conceptualized as a move towards public-private MaaS. Inspired by the What-is-the-Problem -Represented-to-Be approach, the paper analyzes what problem representations and assumptions underpin the proposed reform and outlines issues of conflict across the involved actors. Drawing on these findings, the paper highlights disagreements on problems, centralization, and responsibilities as challenges to public-private MaaS developments and proposes that an inclusive and pragmatic governance strategy is key for effective and dem-ocratic governance of MaaS. Additionally, three avenues for future research are identified: development of analytical tools that better represent the complexity of MaaS governance choices, studies of how the prevailing narrative around MaaS influences developments, and analyses of governance strategies' effectiveness in relation to political objectives for MaaS developments.
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| 9. |
- Takman, Johanna, 1992
(författare)
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Examples from the freight transport sector: Essays on economic growth, public policy instruments, and renewable energy.
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of if, and how, we can combat climate change and other non-wanted environmental changes alongside economic development. Paper I address this question by investigating the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. Using panel data analysis, an N-shaped relationship is found for lower-middle- and high-income countries, indicating that CO2-emissions increase with economic growth beyond a certain income level. However, no significant relationship is found for upper-middle-income countries. The study also shows that increasing the share of renewable energy is crucial for reducing CO2-emissions. Paper III investigate the performance of European public policy instruments promoting a modal shift of freight transports from road to rail and/or water. Performing a literature review, 93 public policies are identified, whereof ex-post evaluations are found for 20. The evaluated policies are mainly subsidies/grants at national level, or EU-policies. Variation in evaluation methods and performance indicators complicates comparisons of policy performance. However, policies promoting rail are in general more successful than those promoting waterborne transport. Common factors for underachievement include lack of applications, outreach problems, and complicated application processes. Furthermore, broad and general policy targets complicate evaluation as well as fulfilment of objectives. Paper II analyse barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions to renewable energy diffusion, focusing on liquefied biogas for heavy trucks. Interviews with experts and stakeholders in Sweden show that main barriers include financial limits, lacking infrastructure, lacking knowledge, and unstable policy instruments. Yet, several policy instruments already target the barriers to LBG diffusion and given current taxes and subsidies, costs of using LBG trucks are only marginally higher than those for using diesel trucks in Sweden. Thus, continuously evaluating policy performance is important.
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| 10. |
- Ahlberg, Joakim, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Etablering av konkurrerande snabbtågstrafik på Västra stambanan : översyn ur marknadens synvinkel
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från oktober 2010 gäller fri konkurrens vad gäller all trafik på järnväg. VTI har intervjuat de tre största operatörer på Västra stambanan för att se hur de upplevde kapacitetsprocessen som ledde fram till tågplanen för 2014 och för att få deras syn på eventuella etableringshinder som kan föreligga på järnvägsmarknaden. Kapaciteten i det svenska järnvägsnätet är per definition begränsad och det finns bara möjlighet att rymma ett visst antal tåg i systemet. Trafikverket fördelar kapaciteten på spåren mellan operatörer som ansöker om tåglägen i en årlig administrativ tilldelningsprocess. I kapacitetstilldelningsprocessen för tågplan 2014 lämnade fyra operatörer in ansökningar om långväga snabbtågstrafik på sträckan Göteborg–Stockholm. I och med att operatörerna i flera fall ansökte om samma tåglägen sattes Trafikverkets tillämpning av samråd, samordning och prioriteringskriterier på prov för första gången sedan marknadsöppningen. De operatörer som utmanar SJ och som vi intervjuat upplever inte att dagens kapacitets-tilldelningsprocess lever upp till kravet på konkurrensneutralitet och icke-diskriminering. Båda ser behov av en mer transparent process, med prioriteringskriterier som ger ett mer förutsägbart utfall och som i större utsträckning tar datoriserade verktyg till hjälp så att den på så sätt både kan genomföras effektivare och ge ett mer effektivt utfall. Alla operatörernas kommentarer av förfarandet visar också att processen med kapacitetstilldelning innehåller ett stort mått av så kallad frivillig samordning för att lösa konflikter kring tåglägen som flera operatörer söker. Detta innebar att operatörerna under slutet av sommaren 2013 sinsemellan samordnade sina önskemål och på så sätt kom överens om vem som fick vilka tåglägen.
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