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- Danielsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Power and Knowledge in the Technology Classroom: The Development and Illustration of a Conceptual Framework
- 2014
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In: Presentation at ECER 2014, "The Past, the Present and Future of Educational Research in Europe", Porto, September 2-5.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper explores the constitution of power and knowledge in science and technology classrooms. A deepened examination of the teaching of science and technology is partly motivated by these subjects high status in society, how they portrayed as crucial both for the individual, in order to function in an increasingly technologically advanced society, and for the society at large, while finding it increasingly difficult to attract interest among the youth .
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- Danielsson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Studying Power and Knowledge in the Technology Classroom: Towards a Conceptual Framework
- 2014
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In: BERA Annual Conference 2014.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper reports on an empirical exploration of the constitution of power and knowledge in science and technology (S&T) classrooms. A deepened examination of the teaching of S&T is partly motivated by high status of these subjects in society, how they are portrayed as crucial both for the individual, in order to function in an increasingly technologically advanced society, and for the society at large, while finding it increasingly difficult to attract interest among the youth. The aim of this paper is to develop and illustrate the use of a conceptual framework for exploring how power relations are constituted in the technology classroom – in terms of what Foucault (1982/2002) conceptualises as ‘actions upon actions’ (p. 340) – by the research questions: 1) How are teacher actions communicating how and what knowledge is privileged in the classroom? 2) How is this knowledge privileging establishing power relations, in terms of possibilities for student actions? The conceptual framework makes use of practical epistemological analysis (Wickman & Östman 2002) as an analytical tool for describing teacher actions that involves a privileging of a certain educational content. Furthermore, it also utilises an adaptation of Brousseau’s (1997) concept ‘didactical contract’ that includes a Foucauldian conceptualisation of power. The empirical design relies on a purposive sampling of classrooms, documenting classroom activities using video recordings. This paper will illustrate the use of the conceptual framework, by an analysis of a case of three lessons in one Swedish technology classroom in grade 8. The topic of these lessons concerns solid and stable constructions. The pupils work in smaller groups with construction of bridges, a very common activity when working with this topic in Swedish classrooms. The first stage of the analysis focuses the actions initiated by the teacher, through the identification of epistemological moves (Lidar et al. 2006), such as instructional or confirming moves. In a second stage, the analysis focuses on how these ‘moves’ are functional in constituting a ‘didactical contract’, that is ‘the (specific) set of behaviours of the teacher which are expected of the students and the set of behaviours of the student which are expected by the teacher’ (Brousseau & Warfield 1999, p. 47). In summary, we argue that the investigation of how power and knowledge interrelate in moment-to-moment interactions in the classroom may provide additional clues to how micro-inequalities, adding up to patterns of exclusion in S&T (Rosser 2012), occur in the classroom context.
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- Lidar, Malena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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The Transformation of Teaching Habits in Relation to the Introduction of Grading and National Testing in Science Education in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Research in science education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0157-244X .- 1573-1898. ; 50:1, s. 151-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, a new curriculum and new methods of assessment (grading of students and national tests) in science education were introduced in grade six in 2012/2013. We have investigated what implications these reforms have for teachers’ teaching and assessment practices in order to explore the question of how teachers transform their teaching habits in relation to policy reforms. Interviews with 16 teachers teaching science in Y6, over three years after the reforms were introduced, were analyzed. Building on the ideas of John Dewey, we consider teachers’ talk about their everyday practice as expressions of their habits of teaching. Habits of teaching are related both to individual experiences as well as institutional traditions in and about teaching. A categorization of educational philosophies was used to teachers’ habits of teaching to a collective level, and to show how habits can be transformed and developed over time in specific sociocultural contexts. The teachers were categorised as using essentialist and/or progressivist educational philosophy. In the responses to the introduction of grading and national testing, the teachers took three approaches: their habits being reinforced, revised or unchanged in relation to the reforms. Although the responses were different, a striking similarity was that all teachers justified their responses with wanting to do what is best for students. However, how to show care for students differed, from delivering scientific knowledge in alignment with a essentialist educational philosophy, to preparing students to do well on tests, to supporting their development as individuals, which is in alignment with a progressivist educational philosophy.
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- Bengtsson, Stefan L., 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Positioning controversy in environmental and sustainability education
- 2024
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In: Environmental Education Research. - 1350-4622 .- 1469-5871. ; , s. 1-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study delves into the intricate dynamics of controversial issues in environmental education, challenging conventional notions. It explores the relationship between “controversy” and the field of environmental education, elucidating its multifaceted dimensions in and ambitions of teaching practice. In dialogue with previous research and based on our empirical study, we contend that controversy’s existence transcends the mere content of education and extends to its perceived fundamental core and normative underpinnings. We argue that controversy, including controversial sustainability issues (CSIs), is not confined to educational content alone but encompasses the purposes of education. We propose that controversy in educational encounters cannot be neatly categorized as a fixed, predictable social product and is not solely dependent on student interaction. This challenges earlier research positions that linked controversy to the presence of debate or dissensus in a subject area. Our study challenges the traditional understanding of controversy, highlighting its partial spontaneity and unpredictability in teaching. This contrasts previous positions that emphasized the epistemic dimension of controversy. Instead, our findings suggest that controversy plays an active role in the process of self-formation or subjectification in relation to any content.
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- Andersson, Joacim, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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A transactional way of analysing the learning of ‘tacit knowledge’
- 2015
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In: Interchange. - : Springer. - 0826-4805 .- 1573-1790. ; 46:3, s. 271-287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methodological challenges point to a reconceptualization of ‘tacit knowledge’ to ‘tacit knowing’. The paper outlines the concept of ‘tacit knowing’ and explores the need for educational research to reformulate questions about tacit knowledge as a practical learning concern. Using John Dewey’s transactional perspective on learning ‘tacit knowing’ is analysed as embodiment of knowledge. An approach of ‘body pedagogics’ is used to frame this analysis. From a perspective of ‘body pedagogics’ our bodily being and the actions we perform as such beings cannot be reduced to neither cultural nor subjective experience. Rather, we are in a continuing educating process when it comes to our bodies (Shilling and Mellor 2007, p. 533). On the background of this a transactional model of learning is developed that recognises educative bodily experiences in relation to ‘tacit knowing’. A sailing vignette is used to show that ‘tacit knowing’ becomes visible in a sailor’s embodied inquiry of which situated epistemic relations it is necessary to embody to acquire a certain ‘body technique’. Empirical focus lies on how dinghy sailors grow into purposeful ‘body techniques’ (Mauss, Econ Soc 2(1):70–88, 1973) by taking the measure of their ongoing, continuous experience while coordinating their movements with the environment. The analysis show how understandings and bodily skills are simultaneously used in the educational situation where the dinghy sailor has to handle both the environment and various instructions given by the trainer. Thus, ‘tacit knowing’ in dinghy sailing is not merely a collection of motor skills, but rather the grasping, in the practical embodied way, of physical principles.
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- Andersson, Joacim, PhD, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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I am sailing : towards a transactional analysis of 'body techniques'
- 2015
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In: Sport, Education and Society. - Abingdon, England : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 20:6, s. 722-740
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years there has been a growing interest in questions related to embodiment and learning. Within the field of ‘body pedagogics’ great efforts have been made to develop theory and methodology that can deal with the corporeal aspects of experience and knowledge without adopting any form of dualistic conceptions of body/mind and organism/environment. This article connects to this body of research. The purpose is to first present a synthesis of James’ radical empiricism, Dewey’s transactional understanding of experience and learning and Marcel Mauss’ concept of ‘body techniques’ and the notion of education embedded in it. Against the background of this theoretical development, and with a Transactional Model of Analyzing Bodying (TMAB), we then show how we can analytically come to terms with different dualistic problems that research into ‘body pedagogics’ has to deal with. We use an empirical example of dinghy sailing to create knowledge about what we learn when learning embodied knowledge, and how this learning takes place. We argue that experience is an important concept for understanding the acting knowing human being, describing how experience is organized and developed and outlining how this organization can be understood as learning. We hold that situations where someone learns to embody certain knowledge are cases of overt actions, in which we can see what kinds of relations are created and how these relations become meaningful for further action.
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