| 1. |
- Praetorius, Gesa, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring strengths and weaknesses in professional marine pilot education
- 2022
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Ingår i: In: Katie Plant and Gesa Praetorius (eds) Human Factors in Transportation. AHFE (2022) International Conference. AHFE Open Access, vol 60. AHFE International, USA. - New York : AHFE International. ; , s. 657-664
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents findings from a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)-analysis of the current marine pilot training. Five experts participated in a focused group interview. The results show that the training is strengthened by the wide variety of practical experiences that the instructors gain from actively working as pilots while being engaged in the education. Furthermore, the advantage of being able to use real-life experience to design training units increases the transferability of training to work settings. However, the experts also highlight the general lack of organizational support and pedagogical training, which may affect the quality and delivery of the education, as well as the lack of short- and long-term evaluation, so it remains unknown what parts of the education are successful and where potential improvements are necessary. The paper concludes by arguing that maritime pilot training should be developed into a professionalized teaching practice.
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| 2. |
- Falkmer, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The TRAINER project : development of a new cost-effective Pan-European driver training methodology and how to evaluate it
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 562-573
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of the TRAINER project is to develop a new cost-effective Pan-European driver training methodology, based on computer based interactive multimedia and simulator technology, which will pay significant attention not only to gain experience of driving and handling the car, but also to the enhancement of risk awareness of learner drivers. For this purpose three different simulation tools will be developed. Each set will consist of a multimedia info-box and a low-cost-medium-cost driving simulator. A number of scenarios for application in the different simulation environments will be developed, which address the most important needs of learner drivers. They have been structured in accordance with the four hierarchical levels of the GADGET-matrix: Level 4 - Goals for life and skills for living, Level 3 - Goals and context of driving, Level 2 - Mastering traffic situations, Level 1 - Vehicle maneuvering. In order to be able to assess the TRAINER tools impact on traffic safety, not only a set of driver performance pilots needs to be performed but also another set of pilots. In these pilots driver behavior in a critical scenario should be measured. However, the drivers' behavior is not only influenced by his/her driving performance skills, but also on the hazard perceptual abilities of the driver. Hence, based on the assumption that driving skills is controlled for by the driver performance pilots, the results from the traffic safety impact pilots will address the question on whether or not increased hazard perception has been achieved by use of the TRAINER tools.
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| 3. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Förarprov för personbil : orsaker till den sjunkande godkännandegraden och förslag på åtgärder
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie är både kvalitativ och kvantitativ och har haft fyra syften: Det första syftet var att samla kunskaper med hjälp av en litteraturstudie om forskning, goda exempel och förslag på hur man hanterat problematiken med omprov. Det andra var att med hjälp av två intervjustudier och en enkätstudie undersöka orsaken till den vikande godkännandegraden hos körkortstagare för behörighet B. Det tredje syftet var att ta reda på om det fanns någon eller några specifika grupper av körkortstagare som visade på en lägre godkännandegrad. Det fjärde syftet var att utifrån resultaten presentera förslag på åtgärder som kan påverka körkortstagarens förberedelser och utbildning inför prov. Rent allmänt visar resultaten att en stor andel av körkortstagarna med underkänt prov inte är tillräckligt förberedda för provet vilket verkar bero på att de saknar förmågan att värdera sin egen förmåga. Även om själva provet är svårare än de förväntat sig anser de inte att de gjort något allvarligt fel, istället utgår de ifrån att förarprövaren varit för hård. Detta leder dem då till att boka nytt prov så fort som möjligt, och att de inte alltid övar inför nästa prov. Utifrån resultatet från denna studie presenteras en rad åtgärdsförslag som kan minska andelen omprov i framtiden.
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| 4. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Goals and Contents of Driver Education
- 2003
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Ingår i: Driver Behaviour and Training. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9781351768948 - 9780754638353 - 9781315197067 ; , s. 307-316
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of this paper is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is mainly a result of an EU-funded research project GADGET. A four level descriptive model is presented, in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for Goals and contents of Driver Education (ODE-framework) is presented (Hatakka, Keskinen, Gregersen, Glad and Hernetkoski 2002) and the main points are explained in this paper. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, motivational aspects should be given more emphasis in driver education than at present. Secondly, in order to improve the quality of training, active learning methods should be more widely applied to driver education as well.
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| 5. |
- Holt, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Opportunity Cost in an Emissions Permit Experiment
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Review of Economics Education. - : Elsevier. - 1477-3880. ; 9:2, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an individual choice experiment that can be used to teach students how to correctly account for opportunity costs in production decisions. Students play the role of producers that require a fuel input and an emissions permit for production. Given fixed market prices, they make production quantity decisions based on their costs. Permits have a constant price throughout the experiment.In one treatment, students have to purchase both a fuel input and an emissions permit for each production unit. In a second treatment, they receive permits for free and any unused permits are sold on their behalf at the permit price. If students correctly incorporate opportunity costs, they will have the same supply function in both treatments. This experiment motivates classroom discussion of opportunity costs and emission permit allocation under cap and trade schemes. The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) provides a relevant example for classroom discussion, as industry earned significant 'windfall profits' from free allocation of emissions permits in the early phases of the program.
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| 6. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining Data Analysis Using Qualitative Methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Transportation. - Oxford : Elsevier. ; , s. 107-112
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In qualitative research data can be collected through a wide range of methods: interviews, focus groups, and participant and nonparticipant observations. How data is being analyzed varies between disciplines depending on the theoretical perspective, on the study contexts, and the research question. Sometimes a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods might be used. For example, to discover commuting patterns among people in a city area and their experiences of the same, a quantitative method, like travel survey, might be used together with in-depth interviews and observations. This article connects to the previous article on qualitative methods (Volume 7, p. 39-45) and focuses on how qualitative data can be analyzed and presented. It starts with theoretical perspectives on the analysis process and a presentation of various approaches to transcriptions. The analysis often starts during the transcription procedure when the researcher is listening to audio recordings of interviews or watching video recordings of the interaction between informants. Qualitative researchers often organize their data in categories, based on concepts, and in some coding systems. This process is presented and related to examples from research on transport mobility. Reliability and validity in qualitative research are also discussed. The article finishes with a section on how to use quotes and publishing the results.
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| 7. |
- Nyberg, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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Förändringar inom den svenska förarutbildningen : delstudie 3: processutvärdering av kursplan B
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On March 1, 2006, a new Swedish national curriculum for private car (class B) driving license was introduced. A more general and easily comprehensible curriculum is expected to increase creativity, engagement and a wish for renewal among the actors who take part in the education processes for obtaining driving license. In the new curriculum there is also a greater focus on the student's self-knowledge. The design of the new curriculum is based to the so called Goals for Driver Education matrix, GDE. The GDE matrix defines which competences a driver should be in command of in order to be a safe driver. The matrix even points out that driving a car is a process where the driver interacts both with the traffic environment and the vehicle. At the same time driving a car also implies interaction between the driver's capabilities and motives. The aim of the present study is to investigate if there have been changes in driver education in Sweden through e.g. a new and modified focus since the new curriculum was introduced. The study consists of four sub-studies, each of which consists of an initial investigation and a follow-up ("before and after study"). The first sub-study concerns the curriculum itself, in which a content analysis is performed both concerning the old and the new curriculum. The second sub-study focuses on content analysis of education plans (i.e. approved plans of the education in the driving schools). The third sub-study consists of observations of theoretical and practical driving lessons in four driving schools. The fourth sub-study consists of interviews with individuals that recently received their driving license. Each of the sub-studies has been analysed with the help of the GDE matrix.
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| 8. |
- Nyberg, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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Vidareutbildning för äldre bilförare : en översikt
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the future the number of the older people, and older car drivers, will increase markedly. It is of great importance that older people have the possibility to retain their idenpendent mobility for as long as possible. However, old people have an increased risk to get severely injured or killed in a traffic accident because they are frailer due to their age. Getting older may also mean for example impaired hearing, eyesight and ability to react, something that might create problems for older car drivers in complex traffic situations. Degrading ablities often develop slowly and changes can be diffcult to embrace. Thus, mobility demands could be in conflict with traffic safety. Extensive experience can to some extent compensate high performance and refresher courses might be the way to both sustained mobility and traffic safety. The aim of this study was to make a survey of existing refresher courses for older car drivers in Sweden: Which further education possibilities do exist and which teaching material is used? Are the needs recognized? How is the education managed? What does it include and how is it organized? Who are the teachers? Who are the participants? How do the experiences look like and how is the education evaluated? How extensive is the education? What are the plans for the future? Telephone interviews have been performed with eleven experts, active in motor organizations and organizations of retired people. Furthermore, a survey of the course material, used according to the interviewees, has been performed. The most frequent refresher course according to the interviewees is called "65+". The purpose of the course 65+ is to give a better insight into which impact getting older has on car driving and by which means it is possible to continue to drive safely for as long as possible. The refresher course materials used are based on research results, accident statistics and the knowledge of traffic expertise. 65+ is designed in cooperation with a motor club, a traffic safety association and retired people's associations. The results of this study show that the design and performance of the refresher course is made locally, often in cooperation with an educational association. The course content and execution often depend on the individual leader's commitment, knowledge and interest, locally within an organization. Despite the course 65+, the organizations have mentioned a course called 'Older and wiser', which has its focus on influencing the public opinion concerning the elderly, their mobility and traffic safety. 'Correct and sensible in traffic' is another refresher course that includes advice and regulations to avoid traffic accidents. This latter material is, however, directed towards all road user groups and not only for older car drivers. There is, further, the book 'Confident Senior' (Swedish Road Administration), but this material has not been mentioned by the interviewees.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Train-Driving Simulator Practice in the European Rail Traffic Management System: An Experimental Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : Sage Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; 2677:5, s. 694-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many European train drivers face major changes in their work with the introduction of the new train-protection system, the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), as information retrieval shifts from outside to in-cab, and a new rulebook is introduced. Therefore, many train drivers have to be educated in a short time, to make the transition safe and efficient. The purpose was to find out how a successful ERTMS practice can be designed in a physically low-fidelity but highly functional train-driving simulator. An experimental design was used, with 16 drivers divided into two groups: one group practiced in a simulator, and the other in reality. Standard training methodology was used, and the learning outcome was assessed by both measuring driving errors and via instructor evaluation of a simulator test. The drivers also filled in a questionnaire to capture how different factors, such as repeated practice, experience, and self-estimated confidence, correlate with performance. Results show that the simulator group committed significantly fewer driving errors and received significantly higher scores from the instructor. In addition, the simulator group's better performance is mostly caused by the possibility of repeated training of different special cases. The findings also imply that several of the more common special cases on the ERTMS can hardly be provoked in real train driving. Furthermore, this work strengthens the theory that novices can hardly estimate their own ability. Therefore, we argue that this type of low-fidelity simulator is well suited for research purposes, for practicing special cases, and for train operation companies to assess drivers’ skills.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The practical part of train driver education: experience, expectations, and possibilities
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe internship period of the Swedish train driver education was examined in terms of which types of situations can be sufficiently encountered in order to develop expertise to handle them safely and efficiently, and to quantify and specify the gap in expertise between expert and novice drivers in terms of risk of error and time efficiency. Focus was on special cases (i.e., situations that occur rarely but may cause severe accidents if not handled correctly and efficiently).MethodologyData on which situations and special cases a driver's student can be expected to experience during the internship period were collected via a web-based questionnaire. Also, ratings of expectations on novice and expert drivers were obtained from train driver educators, employers, and instructors with the purpose of comparing the expectations with the novices practical experience.Results and conclusionsThe main results suggest that many special cases are generally insufficiently practiced during the internship and therefore should be practiced in simulators; that both experienced and novice drivers prioritize safety over efficiency; and that expectations on novice drivers are realistic considering their limited professional expertise.
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