| 1. |
- Capaci, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulating and Analyzing Experiments in the Tennessee Eastman Process Simulator
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ENBIS-15.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many of today’s continuous processes, the data collection is usually performed automatically yielding exorbitant amount of data on various quality characteristics and inputs to the system. Moreover, such data are usually collected at high frequency introducing significant serial dependence in time. This violates the independent data assumption of many industrial statistics methods used in process improvement studies. These studies often involve controlled experiments to unearth the causal relationships to be used for robustness and optimization purposes.However real production processes are not suitable for studying new experimental methodologies, partly because unknown disturbances/experimental settings may lead to erroneous conclusions. Moreover large scale experimentation in production processes is frowned upon due to consequent disturbances and production delays. Hence realistic simulation of such processes offers an excellent opportunity for experimentation and methodological development.One commonly used process simulator is the Tennessee Eastman (TE) challenge chemical process simulator (Downs & Vogel, 1993)[1]. The process produces two products from four reactants, containing 41 measured variables and 12 manipulated variables. In addition to the process description, the problem statement defines process constraints, 20 types of process disturbances, and six operating modes corresponding to different production rates and mass ratios in the product stream.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of the TE process with an appropriate feedback control as a test-bed for the methodological developments of new experimental design and analysis techniques.The paper illustrates how two-level experimental designs can be used to identify how the input factors affect the outputs in a chemical process.Simulations using Matlab/Simulink software are used to study the impact of e.g. process disturbances, closed loop control and autocorrelated data on different experimental arrangements.The experiments are analysed using a time series analysis approach to identify input-output relationships in a process operating in closed-loop with multivariate responses. The dynamics of the process are explored and the necessary run lengths for stable effect estimates are discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dordlofva, Christo
(författare)
-
Qualification Aspects in Design for Additive Manufacturing : A Study in the Space Industry
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this research is to further the understanding of implications for product development and qualification when introducing additive manufacturing (AM) in the context of the space industry. Increased availability of AM machines and alluring potentials such as design freedom and cost-efficient product development and manufacturing has led to a rapid growth in the use of AM. However, the implementation of AM is hampered by lack of process understanding, implying uncertainties for engineers on how to design products for AM. Furthermore, the AM process chain (including e.g. post-processes) is not sufficiently developed and understood, adding further uncertainties. These uncertainties are a challenge when developing products for space applications, especially if they are critical for mission success and hence not allowed to fail. Such products and their manufacturing processes have to comply with strict requirements on verifying performance, quality, and reliability, i.e. product and process qualification. The purpose of this research is to investigate how qualification is addressed during product development in the space industry in order to find improved ways for engineers to explore the capabilities of AM to better understand its possibilities and limitations. The research is specifically focused on the use of powder bed fusion processes by companies developing and manufacturing sub-system components for space applications. It is limited to the manufacturing of components on Earth for use in space. The research approach is qualitative. Five studies provide the empirical foundation for the thesis, in which a total of four companies are included. In particular, one of the companies is studied in-depth, including a development project for a critical AM product. Individual interviews, workshops and focus groups are used for data collection. Furthermore, the in-depth study is based on a longitudinal presence at the company, providing the opportunity to gather data from project meetings and discussions. Collaborative action research with three of the companies provides a research setting to study the development of three AM products (of which the in-depth study is one) and how uncertainties related to the AM process can be addressed. Four aspects of how to address product qualification in Design for AM are deduced: (i) AM knowledge should be built through application-driven development processes, (ii) qualification should be accounted for early and to a larger extent, (iii) suitable and acceptable requirements should be defined through collaboration, and (iv) rapid manufacturing should be utilised to evaluate critical uncertainties. To support engineering teams on how to address these aspects, this thesis presents two contributions to the design field. The first is a design process utilising AM Design Artefacts (AMDAs) to identify, test and evaluate the AM-related uncertainties that are most pressing for a product. Through the iterative use of AMDAs, products designs are successively evolved, enabling a design which meets process capabilities and fulfils product requirements. The AMDA design process is part of the second contribution, a Design for Qualification framework that encourages a qualification-driven development approach for AM products. The framework includes six design tactics that provide guidance for its implementation. The tactics encourage an application-driven development process where qualification is considered early, and where successive steps are taken towards a thorough AM process chain understanding. The framework is designed based on the studied cases, and future research should focus on developing the framework and tactics further to facilitate implementation and wider applicability.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johansson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
The consequences of managerial controls for digital innovation projects
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalization has provided new opportunities for firms in the manufacturing industry but also brought a wide range of new challenges. This paper focuses managerial controls in order to further our understanding in what managers can do in order to manage and support digital innovation projects. More specifically the aim of this paper is to explore the role of managerial controls for digital innovation projects in manufacturing firms. Data has been collected from two manufacturing firms through interviews. The results further our understanding of the consequences of different managerial controls for digital innovation projects. Surprisingly the findings show that digital innovation projects demand more control than regular projects. The results bring a number of managerial implications, 1) there is a need to deliberately use a combination of controls, 2) it is important to use controls also for decision making, both in terms of speed and the ability to make good decisions and 3) there is a need to have controls also for customers and partners.
|
|
| 4. |
- Karlsson, Anna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of attention for radical innovation : Identifying moves that matter
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the human problem of managing attention has been identified as a central problem in the management of innovation, limited research has considered how attention is handled by different actors in the various phases of the innovation process. Moreover, more attention and commitment may be needed for radical ideas to succeed, making this type of innovations particularly interesting to study. This study aims to contribute to the literature addressing the development of radical innovations in established companies by focusing on the role of attention for this type of innovations. Based on an in-depth longitudinal case study, this paper provides an account of how attention was handled in such a setting. Interview data was collected from individuals involved in the project at two different points in time – adjacent to the formal start of the development project and close to the launch. Results reveal three attentional streams (‘Providing input & motivation’, ‘Propelling the idea forward’ and ‘Protecting the idea & individuals’) involving different actors during the innovation process. Along with the finding that managers engage in diverting behavior, and their rationales for doing so, this contributes to theory. Lastly, two of the attentional streams identified highlight an organizational-level paradox connected to radical innovation. A paradox that leaves managers in an ambiguous position.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nilsson, Susanne, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing radical innovations : Introducing Tangibility, Tolerance and Tightness
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates what actions can be taken in order to support the developmentof radical innovations. The contribution adds to our understanding of how radicalinnovation projects develops over time and what and how managerial actions can betaken in order to support this development. Six radical innovation projects from twodifferent empirical settings have been investigated though semi-structured interviewsand the use of a project journey mapping technique allowing for a combination of bothnarrative and critical incident data collection. The data was analyzed in Nvivo. Theresults revealed three different flows of activities for radical innovation projects thatiteratively and interactively took place over time from the emergence of the idea tocommercialization, namely: (1) the configuration of the product system, (2) theunderstanding of customer value and (3) the experimentation of understanding of howto monetizing value form radical innovation projects. Three mechanisms in order tomanage these flows are presented: (1) making the radical innovation and its potentialmore tangible, (2) creating a tolerance for the uncertainties and ambiguities related tothe innovation during its development in the organization and (3) handling themanagement control tightness of the project in order for it to make it to thecommercialization. Two main practical implications of the results are discussed. Firstof all, organizations that aim to develop radical innovations need to understand andsupport the three different flows of activities early on and what it implies in terms ofcompetences needed and resources allocated. Second, the presented mechanismsprovide distinct examples of actions that can be taken in order to support thedevelopment flows of radical innovations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Results from cross-fertilization of courses for improved student learning
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Building Community: Design Education for a Sustainable Future, E and PDE 2017. - Glasgow : Institution of Engineering Designers, The Design Society. - 9781904670841 - 9781904670858 ; , s. 734-739
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes results from the development of two new industrial design courses in order to improve student learning in both practical and theoretical skills. Practical skills, such as model making and sketching, cannot be studied only as theory. These skills need training, implementation, and time to allow the knowledge to mature. The new course design build upon the CDIO framework where especially two standards are incorporated in the new course design: Standard 3 - Integrated curriculum, where personal and interpersonal skills, and product, process, and system building skills are interwoven with disciplinary knowledge, and Standard 5 - Design-Implement Experiences, where emphasis is on learning by doing, that the students will learn from actually designing something. This paper contains results from studies made during the first implementation of the two new courses, both from a teacher- and a student perspective. Redesigning several courses at the same time facilitates constructive alignment on course level where course activities are aligned with examination, and on program level where course content build upon previous courses and the proper learning outcomes are addressed at the proper time in the education program. On a course level, the results indicate that students are positive towards the interwoven practical and theoretical parts. Also, the student understanding of how different knowledge interact, both practical hands-on and theoretical knowledge, seem to have increased compared to previous years. On a program level, there are indications that much effort should go into organizing the sometimes new roles for the teachers and if overlooked could affect the course negatively, but we now have the knowledge how to implement the CDIO framework to develop courses for improved student learning.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Wikberg Nilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of educational reform : Implementation of cdio at industrial design engineering
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International CDIO Conference, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, June 18-22, 2017, University of Calgary Press, 2017. - Calgary : University of Calgary Press.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Luleå University of Technology (LTU) joined the CDIO initiative in 2015. The development of the MSc program Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) was one of LTU’s four test pilots of educational reform with support of the CDIO framework. The current educational reform comprises all CDIO standards, however some have been easier to implement than others. The results from the current CDIO-implementation are so far positive experiences from both faculty and students. While the program curriculum has been developed at a macro level, changes also impact the program objectives, teachers’ skills development, and students’ learning outcomes at a micro level where, for example, courses have been redesigned regarding teaching and learning activities, and assessments have been developed to include both formative and summative feedback to promote a deep learning approach. Great efforts have also been put into development of new learning environments, finalized in 2016. However, implementation of CDIO also deals with changing the educational culture, a work that takes more efforts and time than just one year. A success factor in the current implementation is the involvement of experienced CDIO-implementers that have inspired, motivated and coached the IDE faculty in re-designing the program.
|
|
