| 1. |
- Högberg, Dan
(författare)
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Use of characters and scenarios in gear shift design
- 2003
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Ingår i: DPPI '03. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1581136528 - 9781581136524 ; , s. 140-141
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The employment of the design methods of characters and scenarios in the conceptual design of a gearshift system for future automobiles is presented. The main objective for the project was to provide design suggestions for a gearshift system that people will appreciate in future cars in view of market trends, technology developments and environmental demands. The methods were tested for concept evaluation at a Swedish car component manufacturer. The methods gave rough, but important, indications of possible appreciation and acceptance of design proposals, and assisted consideration of user diversity. This low-cost approach is sufficient for evaluation purposes at early design stages, but may be complemented with more thorough studies if time and money permits.
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| 2. |
- Lind, Carl Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Work: Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using Smart Workwear – The Smart Workwear Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Systems Engineering and Design. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030020521 - 9783030020538 ; 876, s. 477-483
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adverse work-related physical exposures such as repetitive movements and awkward postures have negative health effects and lead to large financial costs. To address these problems, a multi-disciplinary consortium was formed with the aim of developing an ambulatory system for recording and analyzing risks for musculoskeletal disorders utilizing textile integrated sensors as part of the regular workwear. This paper presents the consortium, the Smart Workwear System, and a case study illustrating its potential to decrease adverse biomechanical exposure by promoting improved work technique.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Suitable Comfort Model for Posture and Motion Prediction in DHM Supported Vehicle Design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 3753-3758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver-vehicle interaction analyses are done to ensure a successful vehicle design from an ergonomics perspective. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools are often used to support such verifications, particularly at early stages of the product development process. When verifying that a vehicle design accommodates the diversity of users and tasks, a DHM tool needs to be able to represent postures and motions that are likely under certain conditions. This functionality is essential so that the tool user will obtain objective and repeatable simulation results. The DHM tool IMMA (Intelligently Moving Manikins) predicts postures and motions by using computational methods. This offers the possibility to generate postures and motions that are unique for the present design conditions. IMMA was originally developed for simulating manual assembly work, whereas the work presented here is a step towards utilizing the IMMA tool for occupant packaging and related tasks. The objective is a tool for virtual verification of driver-vehicle interaction that supports and automates the simulation work to a high degree. The prediction functionality in IMMA is based on the use of optimization algorithms where one important component is the consideration of comfort level. This paper reports results from an basic investigation of driving postures and available comfort models suitable in a driving context, and shows initial results of seated posture and motion prediction functionality in the IMMA tool.
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| 4. |
- Björkenstam, Staffan C, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for motion planning of digital humans using discrete mechanics and optimal control
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium. - : Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ; , s. 64-71
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a framework for digital human modelling using discrete mechanics and optimal control. Discrete mechanics is particularly well suited for modelling the dynamics of constrained mechanical systems, which is almost always the case when considering complex human models interacting with the environment. We demonstrate that, by using recently developed recursive dynamics algorithms, we are able to efficiently use discrete mechanics in direct optimal control methods to plan for complex motions. Besides a proper mechanical model, an appropriate objective function is paramount to achieve realistic motions as a solution to an optimal control problem. Hence, several different objective functions, such as for example minimum time or minimum applied torque over the joints, are compared, and the resulting motions are analyzed and evaluated. To further improve the model, we include basic muscular models for the muscles of the shoulder, arm and wrist, and examine how this affects the motions.
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| 5. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive regression model for prediction of anthropometric data
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5549 .- 1742-5557. ; 5:4, s. 285-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents and evaluates an adaptive linear regression model for the prediction of unknown anthropometric data based on a flexible set of known predictive data. The method is based on conditional regression and includes use of principal component analysis to reduce effects of multicollinearity between the predictive variables. Results from the study show that the proposed adaptive regression model produces more accurate predictions compared to a flat regression model based on stature and weight, and also compared to a hierarchical regression model, that uses geometric and statistical relationships between body measurements to create specific linear regression equations in a hierarchical structure. An additional evaluation shows that the accuracy of the adaptive regression model increases logarithmically with the sample size. Apart from the sample size, the accuracy of the regression model is affected by the number of, and on which measurements that are, variables in the predictive dataset.
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| 6. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual test persons based on diverse anthropometric data for ergonomics simulations and analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49th NES 2017 Conference "Joy at Work", Lund, August 20-23, 2017. - Lund : Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 232-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a study where diverse anthropometric data is included in the process of generating data for a group of virtual test persons. Data on body size, strength and ROM were either collected on an individual level or predicted and synthesized and then used in cluster analyses to generate six unique virtual test persons. Results show that the method is able to generate detailed virtual test persons which enables more realistic and accurate simulations, as strength and ROM data is included into the motion prediction algorithms used to generate motions.
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| 7. |
- Bäckstrand, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of information presentation on work environment and product quality : a case study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 40th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference. - Reykjavik : NES.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In manufacturing, it is vital that production personnel have the right information at the right time and place. The main purpose of information delivered to a workplace is to support the worker in a way that contributes to the quality of the product as well as productivity. However, when information processing becomes a large part of the workload, the time for core workplace activities is reduced. A study was conducted at a heavy diesel engine assembly line with the aim of finding how the assembly personnel interact with the information presented to them in their work context and how this affected quality and productivity. The study focused on four assembly stations and involved 70 assembly workers over a period of ten days and nights during which 2600 standard and customised variant engines were assembled. The main feature of the study was a change in the information system that reduced the amount of data and information provided, changed the location of the information, and modified the timing of information presentation. Results from the study show that the information presented at an assembly workstation influences the quality as well as the assembly process itself. The number of internal rejects decreased by 40% on two of the stations and on the other two stations no errors occurred during the study. This influence on the assembly process is of great importance from a quality perspective; by changing the information system and thereby the workers’ behaviour, the errors were reduced significantly. Whilst errors are few and detected internally, redressing these errors is a waste. Furthermore, an adequate information system boosts operator confidence and reduces cognitive stress levels. The information system used in this study was relatively simple (simpler than the regular system) and based on colour coded cards. Nevertheless, the impact was major and this indicates that when designing an information system for mass-customised assembly, a wide range of solutions needs to be considered. A study in final assembly of heavy trucks is planned for the future where the ultimate goal is to arrive at worker and task tailored presentation of information in customised assembly.
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| 8. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins
- 2019
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Ingår i: DHM and Posturography. - London : Academic Press. - 9780128167137 ; , s. 115-124
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IPS IMMA (Industrial Path Solutions - Intelligently Moving Manikins) is a digital human modeling tool developed in close cooperation between academia and industry in Sweden. The academic consortium behind the software consists of expertise within applied mathematics, ergonomics, and engineering. The development of IMMA was initiated from the vehicle industries’ need of an effective, efficient, objective, and user-friendly software for verification of manufacturing ergonomics. The ‘Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins’ chapter consists of two main sections: the first about the commercially available tool, and the second about current or recent research projects developing the software further. Commercial IPS IMMA is presented by describing the biomechanical model and appearance, anthropometrics module, motion prediction, instruction language, and ergonomics evaluation. The research projects focus on dynamic motions simulation, muscle modelling and application areas such as human-robot collaboration, occupant packaging, and layout planning.
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| 9. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Accommodation levels for ellipsoid versus cuboid defined boundary cases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 3702-3708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boundary case method is established for the representation and consideration of anthropometric diversity in design tasks with certain characteristics. Sometime boundary cases are defined separately for two distributions, e.g. for females and males, which may lead to a situation where some boundary cases will be redundant in that they are located within the joint distribution rather than on the joint boundary. This paper describes and illustrates a method for automatic identification of redundant boundary cases that are located within two three-dimensional overlapping distributions.Practitioner Summary: The paper describes a pragmatic way to focus the design work on users with specific limiting body measurement combinations that can be used to obtain design data or be used to describe appropriate test persons or digital human models for design problems where the boundary case method is suitable.
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| 10. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Concept of Formalized Test Procedure for Proactive Assessment of Ergonomic Value by Digital Human Modelling Tools in Lean Product Development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors in Simulation and Modeling. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319605906 - 9783319605913 ; , s. 425-436
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A concept of a formalized test procedure for proactive assessment of ergonomic value by digital human modelling (DHM) tools in lean product development (LPD) is proposed and described. The objective of the formalized procedure is to integrate the utilization of DHM tools in LPD and to support the delivery of ergonomic value and reduce waste in product and production development processes. A design process model is illustrated and described, and examples are given of how to specify and work with ergonomic value in the process.
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