| 1. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Cognition in Manufacturing : Collaborative Assembly Work
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXX. - : IOS Press. - 9781614996675 - 9781614996682 ; , s. 243-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive science is becoming increasingly central within humanfactors and ergonomics (HF&E) and there has long been a call for a more systemicperspective in the area with a somewhat broader unit of analysis. This paperpresents a case study applying the theoretical framework of distributed cognition(DCog), which shows how DCog would offer a more complete understanding ofmanufacturing within its greater context, including the social, cultural, andmaterial surroundings. This paper aims to characterize and analyse dock assemblyof forest machines as a complex socio-technical system from a DCog perspective;focusing on the creation of enacted landscapes in this particular setting. The paperalso exemplifies benefits of using the DCog framework in the manufacturingdomain as a way of grasping the assembly workers’ tacit competence and skills.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Interruptions in the wild : portraying the handling of interruptions in manufacturing from a distributed cognition lens
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 19:1, s. 85-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study examining interruptionsin the wild by portraying the handling of interruptionsin manufacturing from a distributed cognitionlens. By studying how interruptions occur and are handledin the daily activities of a work team at a large foundry forcasting heavy diesel engines, we highlight situations whenthe propagation, transformation, and representation ofinformation are not supported by prescribed work processesand propose recommendations for how this can beamended. The study was conducted by several visits to theaforementioned factory with cognitive ethnography as thebasis for the data collection. The focus was on identifyinginterruptions and analysing these through a distributedcognition framework as an initial step towards studyinginterruptions in a manufacturing environment. The keyfindings include the identification of three, previouslyundefined, types of interruptions and the conclusion thatinterruptions do indeed affect the distributed workload ofthe socio-technical system and thus the overall productionperformance at the casting line.
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| 3. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating the interruption of assembly workers in manufacturing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 58, s. 361-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how interruptions from information and communications technology systems affect errors and the time to complete tasks for assembly workers. Interruptions have previously been examined in laboratory experiments and office environments, but not much work has been performed in other authentic environments. This paper contains the results of an experiment that was performed in a simulated manufacturing assembly environment, which tested the effects of interruptions on a manual assembly task. The experiment used existing interruption coordination methods as a basis, and the results showed a difference in the effect of interruptions and interruption coordination between cognitively complex laboratory tasks and manual assembly tasks in an authentic environment. Most notably, the negative effects of interruptions delivered without consideration were smaller in this experiment. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed for designing interruption systems for minimizing the costs (errors and time) imposed by interruptions during assembly tasks in manufacturing.
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| 4. |
- Lindblom, Jessica, 1969-
(författare)
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Minding the Body : Interacting socially through embodied action
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation clarifies the role and relevance of the body in social interaction and cognition from an embodied cognitive science perspective. Theories of embodied cognition have during the past two decades offered a radical shift in explanations of the human mind, from traditional computationalism which considers cognition in terms of internal symbolic representations and computational processes, to emphasizing the way cognition is shaped by the body and its sensorimotor interaction with the surrounding social and material world. This thesis develops a framework for the embodied nature of social interaction and cognition, which is based on an interdisciplinary approach that ranges historically in time and across different disciplines. The theoretical framework presents a thorough and integrated understanding that supports and explains the embodied nature of social interaction and cognition. It is argued that embodiment is the part and parcel of social interaction and cognition in the most general and specific ways, in which dynamically embodied actions themselves have meaning and agency. The framework is illustrated by empirical work that provides some detailed observational fieldwork on embodied actions captured in three different episodes of spontaneous social interaction in situ. Besides illustrating the theoretical issues discussed in the thesis, the empirical work also reveals some novel characteristics of embodied action in social interaction and cognition. Furthermore, the ontogeny of social interaction and cognition is considered, in which social scaffolding and embodied experience play crucial roles during child development. In addition, the issue what it would take for an artificial system to be (socially) embodied is discussed from the perspectives of cognitive modeling and technology. Finally, the theoretical contributions and implications of the study of embodied actions in social interaction and cognition for cognitive science and related disciplines are summed up. The practical relevance for applications to artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction is also outlined as well as some aspects for future work.
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| 5. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Motivations and needs for adoption of the agricultural decision support system CropSAT in advisory services
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Extension. - : EScience Press. - 2311-8547 .- 2311-6110. ; , s. 71-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents several strategies employed by advisors in relation to the use of a Swedish agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) called CropSAT, which is free to use and funded by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. The research questions for the study were: How is extension affected and possibly altered when provided with CropSAT? 2) How can advisory strategies in relation to PA technology use be categorised? Fourteen crop production advisors were interviewed, and the collected data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed four different extension strategies in relation to CropSAT use: 1) I do not use it, 2) I use it if I have to, 3) I use it myself and tell the farmer how to fertilise, and 4) I use it with the farmer. The obtained results indicate that the strategies selected by the advisors varied based on the requests and needs of farmers, the advisors’ personal interests and competences, CropSAT functionality, and uncertainty about how to use it in practice. When using an AgriDSS such as CropSAT in advisory situations, the complexity increases because there are more parameters to consider, and thus it could be experienced as more difficult to make proper decisions. As a result of the combination of technology and agronomy, the advisors requested more support. We argue that this request must be met by research, the authorities and the companies responsible for developing the AgriDSS. We claim that in order to increase the use of AgriDSS to optimise crop treatment at the right time and on the smallest possible scale, there is a need for a change in mind-set by among both advisors and farmers in order to increase sustainability in agriculture.
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| 6. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Care in dairy farming with automatic milking systems, identified using an Activity Theory lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 87, s. 386-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextIn Sweden, 34% of herds in official statistics 2021 (77% of the cows) have an automatic milking system (AMS) and keep 19% of the dairy cows.ObjectiveThis study should be considered in relation to the rapid increase of digitalisation in agriculture. It aimed at investigating Swedish farmers’ experiences and reflections in dairy farming concerning AMS use from a care perspective, based on two research questions: 1) What kinds of success factors and management challenges do farmers experience with AMS usage? and 2) How do farmers view their work environment in this kind of system?MethodsA mixed method approach was performed, using method triangulation through a questionnaire, interviews, and field visits. The Activity Theory (AT) was used as a theoretical lens to consider care practice in the dairy farming as a learning system.Results and conclusionsParticipating dairy farmers were found to be in a continuous learning process on different levels in their system, from detailed problems with an individual cow or the herd to the whole dairy system. Implementation of AMS required learning in order to manage, and thus care for, a system comprising of animals, technology, and humans, to increase business viability. In successful AMS use, willingness to learn, adapt to the local situation, and continually improve practice, or care as a patterning of activities, appeared to be the most important factors. With more people involved, differentiations were possible, which in turn accentuated the need for more trained staff who can perform more complicated tasks. The findings indicated high importance of experience and a ‘stockperson's eye’, in combination with tool-mediated seeing using data from the robot, in developing enhanced professional vision and good care. A good stockperson had broad competence combining a stockperson's eye with experience with robot data. One of the greatest challenges for dairy farms was finding a good stockperson as staff or advisor. Increased flexibility in work and better physical health were important driving forces for implementing AMS, while handling alarms was mentally stressful and gave different perspectives on AMS vulnerability. Overall, the analysis of the collected data showed that AMS had brought major, primarily positive, changes in daily work and increased work satisfaction for most farmers, with a clear majority of the respondents feeling good in their work situation and enjoying their work.SignificanceApplication of AT in studying AMS from a care perspective, represents a shift from traditional research that normally addresses technological inventions, to studying farmers’ socio-technical system. The AT lens revealed the work practices in performing care, as a patterning of activities accomplished by a tinkering learning process, in the rich and messy matrix of humans, cows, and technology.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Some considerations about the development and implementation process of a new agricultural decision support system for site-specific fertilization
- 2015
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Ingår i: Precision agriculture ’15. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862672 - 9789086868148 ; , s. 437-444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture provides important routes toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and available IT systems are not used to their full potential. This paper discusses how to reduce the so-called ‘implementation problem’ in order to improve the ongoing development process of a webbased fertilization project in Sweden. The intention of the project is to apply a participatory design approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this approach in the development and implementation process are identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them.
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| 8. |
- Thorvald, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Modified pluralistic walkthrough for method evaluation in manufacturing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. - 9781495160424 ; 3, s. 5139-5146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a mixed evaluation design including quantitative and qualitative datain order to validate the scope, validity, and reliability of a recently developed CLAM method and tool. A central part of the evaluation was the use of a modified pluralistic walkthroughthat was created to better suit the industrial domain. The evaluation of CLAM was performed in a demonstration factory focusing on manufacturing of street scooters and electric pedal cars. The modified walkthrough was conducted on the shop floor, during on-going assembly, which stresses the representativeness of a real-world setting of manufacturing. The modified pluralistic walkthrough functioned accurately as an evaluation method of CLAM and the exhaustive comments and data from the user representatives were very beneficial. The quantitative results show convicting evidence of CLAM’s utility for assessing cognitive load while the qualitative results indicate that some modifications have to be made in order to enhance the actual tool in order to avoid misinterpretations resulting in misleading outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Conveying Emotions by Touch to the Nao Robot : A User Experience Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. - : MDPI. - 2414-4088. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social robots are expected gradually to be used by more and more people in a widerrange of settings, domestic as well as professional. As a consequence, the features and qualityrequirements on human–robot interaction will increase, comprising possibilities to communicateemotions, establishing a positive user experience, e.g., using touch. In this paper, the focus is ondepicting how humans, as the users of robots, experience tactile emotional communication with theNao Robot, as well as identifying aspects affecting the experience and touch behavior. A qualitativeinvestigation was conducted as part of a larger experiment. The major findings consist of 15 differentaspects that vary along one or more dimensions and how those influence the four dimensions ofuser experience that are present in the study, as well as the different parts of touch behavior ofconveying emotions.
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| 10. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Framework of Human-Robot Interaction Strategies from an Operator 5.0 Perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXVI. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : IOS Press. - 9781643684666 - 9781643684673 ; , s. 81-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial transition to Industrie 4.0 and subsequently Industrie 5.0 requires robots to be able to share physical and social space with humans in such a way that interaction and coexistence are positively experienced by the humans and where it is possible for the human and the robot to mutually perceive, interpret and act on each other's actions and intentions. To achieve this, strategies for humanrobot interaction are needed that are adapted to operators’ needs and characteristics in an industrial context, i.e., Operator 5.0. This paper presents a research design for the development of a framework for human-robot interaction strategies based on ANEMONE, which is an evaluation framework based on activity theory, the seven stages of action model, and user experience (UX) evaluation methodology. At two companies, ANEMONE is applied in two concrete use cases, collaborative kitting and mobile robot platforms for chemical laboratory assignments. The proposed research approach consists of 1) evaluations of existing demonstrators, 2) development of preliminary strategies that are implemented, 3) re-evaluations and 4) cross-analysis of results to produce an interaction strategy framework. The theoretically and empirically underpinned framework-to-be is expected to, in the long run, contribute to a sustainable work environment for Operator 5.0.
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