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| 2. |
- Andersson, Kent, 1967-
(författare)
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On the Military Utility of Spectral Design in Signature Management : a Systems Approach
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an ongoing duel between military sensor development and developments in signature management. The last decade, with warfare characterized by joint expeditionary operations and asymmetry, has favored sensors. However, on account of the worsening security situation in Europe, there is now also an increasing interest in efforts to increase survivability of own military platforms. Spectral design is one of several promising technologies with extensive research potentially suitable for Low Observable platforms. It involves creating desired spectral optical responses from surfaces, in this case reducing contrast to background, by choosing suitable materials and structures. The challenge to a military decision-maker, faced with inherent uncertainties concerning the future and with limited resources, is how to choose among alternative capabilities, technologies or equipment. Correspondingly, on account of the system character of the signature attribute, researchers in technologies for signature management has difficulties communicating relevant basis for these decisions. The scope of this thesis is therefore to find and analyze patterns in decision situations involving technology or technical systems for military use, and the purpose is to propose conceptual and methodological contributions to support future decisionmaking. The technology focus is on spectral design and the application in focus is signature management of Low Observable military platforms. The research objective is addressed from a military system and capability centric perspective using methods from several disciplines in the military sciences domain. The result is synthesized from four separate studies: 1) on spectral design using systematic review of literature, 2) on military utility using a concept formation method, 3) on modeling for how to operationalize a link between spectral design and measures of military utility using methods of military operations research, and, 4) on cases of systems engineering of military Low Observable platform designs. In summary, the result of the work presented in this thesis is a compilation of related work in military sciences, systems engineering and material optics into a framework to support effective decision-making in relevant contexts. The major contribution to theory is a proposed concept called Military Utility, capturing how to communicate the utility of technical systems, or technology, in a military context. It is a compound measure of Military Effectiveness, Military Suitability and Affordability. Other contributions can be expected to support decision-making in practice; - the so-called Ladder-model is a template for how to quantitatively operationalize the military effectiveness dimension of Military Utility regarding the use of spectral design; - an applied Ladder-model is demonstrated, useful for analyzing the military utility of spectral designs in Low Observable attack aircraft; - a probabilistic framework for survivability assessments is adopted into a methodology for doing the analysis, and lastly; - a generic workflow is identified, from relevant development programs, including decision-situations that can benefit from the adopted methodology.
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| 3. |
- Axberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Lärobok i Militärteknik, vol. 9 : Teori och metod
- 2013. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ämnet militärteknik utgår från att tekniska system är officerens arbetsredskap och att en förståelse för och kunskap om dessa verktyg är central för att kunna utöva professionen framgångsrikt. Denna nionde volym av Lärobok i Militärteknik, benämnd Teori och Metod, behandlar centrala begrepp, teorier och postulat samt metoder för värdering av teknik och består av ett antal texter författade av 16 forskare och lärare vid den militärtekniska avdelningen. Volymen riktar sig främst till de som inlett sin officersutbildning och utgörs till stora delar av ett kompilat av publicerade och opublicerade militärtekniska texter och kan sägas utgöra militärteknikens ”state of the art”.
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| 4. |
- Ekenstedt, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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From strategy to delivered capability, A value chain analysis for the Swedish Armed Forces
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. - : Elsevier BV. - 2199-8531. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a perspective external to the Swedish Armed Forces this study examine the Swedish management of capability and technology development focusing on defence equipment. The study analyses a value chain that identifies activities from strategy definition to delivered capability in the case of Swedish management of capability and technology development. In general the study show that Swedish Armed Forces has a structured system supporting each activity in the value chain. However, challenges and potential for improvement can be found throughout the value chain. Especially an effective translator between, what Industries would call Voice of the Customer and Voice of the Engineer, could improve the effectiveness at both the Armed Forces and the Defence Industry.
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| 5. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974-
(författare)
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Att planera och genomföra utbildning i militärteknik
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionellt har synen på teknik i Försvarsmakten präglats av en uppdelning i olika typer av militär personal: ’tekniker’ och ’officerare’. ’Teknikern’ är den som hanterar tekniken och ’officeren’ är den som hanterar operationen. Detta har varit en behändig uppdelning som gett ’officeren' en ursäkt att slippa bry sig om tekniken och ’teknikern’ ett tydligt definierat arbetsutrymme. Denna konstruktion stämmer självklart inte med verkligheten, men den har trots detta influerat bland annat utveckling av utbildning och begrepp.Den här skriften utgår från en helt annan syn, nämligen den att tekniska system är all officerares arbetsredskap och en förståelse för dessa arbetsredskap är centralt för att kunna utöva yrket effektivt. Självklart behöver olika personalkategorier olika typer av kunskap och olika mycket kunskap, men det är av underordnad betydelse. Den aspekt som är central här för utformningen av militärteknik är behovet av alla officerares övergripande förståelse för teknik. Detta ställer till viss del ’nya’ krav på utbildningen bland annat vad det gäller synen på teknik och i vilket sammanhang den studeras, det är dessa aspekter och krav som denna skrift beskriver. Detta är den andra upplagan, den första gavs ut 2008. Titeln på skriften var 2008 PM: Militärteknisk grundnivå, nu har titeln breddats en aning till Att planera och genomföra utbildning i militärteknik.Ämnesrådet i militärteknik syftar med denna bok att ge ett stöd, främst till lärare, att utnyttja vid sidan av andra styrdokument, vid utveckling och genomförande av militärteknisk utbildning för officerare och annan militär personal. Utöver det förtjänar utbildningen även att diskuteras utifrån akademiska krav, den diskussionen utelämnas dock till största delen ur denna bok.Del 1 redovisar hur militärteknisk utbildning principiellt byggs upp.Del 2 tar kortfattat upp begreppen naturvetenskap och samhällsvetenskap i relation till ämnet militärteknik.Del 3 beskriver översiktligt nivåer för högskoleutbildning.Del 4 diskuterer det självständiga arbetets roll.Del 5 ger några tips att tänka på när kurser och utbildningar i militärteknik utvecklas med fokus på olika typer av kunskap.Del 6 diskuterar systemtänkande och systembegreppet och dess roll i militärteknisk utbildning.Del 7 är en referensförteckning vilken pekar ut bra ställen att lära sig mer.
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| 6. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between different survivability measures on a generic frigate
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Maritime Engineering. - : Royal Institution of Naval Architects. - 1479-8751 .- 1740-0716. ; 157, s. A125-A134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choosing suitable survivability measures is a demanding task that has to start early in the ship design process. Throughout the design process there is a need for compromises that will define and sometimes limit future operations or capabilities. In this study generic survivability measures are compared. The study also examines the sensitivity of the calculated probabilities to changes in the threat description. The result shows that it is important to investigate the total effect of a hit over a set of relevant ship functions defined for example by survivability levels. The calculations for different threat definitions show that the changes in survivability are substantial when the threat definition is changed. Moreover, the effects of different hit assumptions differ between weapon types. This must be treated as an uncertainty which also should be reflected in the output and weighted into the decisions made, based on the survivability analysis.
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| 7. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974
(författare)
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Conditions for risk based ship survivability approach: a study on the analysis of fire risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Naval Engineers Journal. - 1559-3584 .- 0028-1425. ; 128:3, s. 87-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In military operations, balancing risk is central, and a desire to entirely avoid risk may affect the potential for achieving military goals. Therefore, risk is an important aspect for understanding the operational conditions. This study discusses the assessment of operational risk to support ship design decisions.Fire is a common consequence of weapon hits and is currently estimated to cause of 80 percent of naval ship loss. The purpose of this study is to describe and investigate the conditions for a risk-based approach to ship fire survivability, that can link probabilistic survivability theory and survivability measure selection. The aim is to suggest key aspects for a risk-based methodology.To aid in the analysis, this study proposes cause and effect models for the fire risk analysis and describes the fire risk contribution from different types of ignition. The analysis shows that the reliability and validity of identifying potential fires depends on a qualitative and outward-focused analysis of the ships’ intended operation, and the reliability and validity of the analysis on fire consequences depends on the specific data and descriptions used. For example, the magnitude of the fire risk can drastically change due to the operational choices (or unclear operational conditions).This study concludes that the analysis requires understanding of the operational conditions. Subsequently, civilian risk-based approaches to fire risk are too limited because the approaches do not include aspects of the ship design and intended operation. Further, normal military vulnerability tools lack this ability. However, based on a stringent fire ignition analysis, including a definition of the intended operation, the ship design concept and the threats, civilian methods and tools can be used to assess the consequences.
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| 8. |
- Liwång, Hans, Docent, Lektor, 1974-
(författare)
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Data for citation analysis in the area of capability development
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The file ”Data for capability development citation analysis JSnowball” is readable as a .txt file.The file contain input to the software JSnowball, an open source software that can be downloaded at: https://github.com/dansarie/jsnowball/releases.The file ”Data for capability development citation analysis JSnowball” contains all analyzed citations.
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| 9. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974-
(författare)
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Exposure, vulnerability and recoverability in relation to a ship's intact stability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intact stability describes a ship's stability in waves to avoid incidents. Operational safety measures are an important aspect of a holistic safety approach for intact stability. The aim of this study is to provide a structure of the relationship between key elements of the intact stability risk concept. Such a structure has implications for risk assessment and risk management. The developed structure is discussed in relation to the proposed second generation intact stability criteria, which highlights how the measures relate to safety. The definitions are also analyzed in relation to seven incidents. Operational decisions and the human element are shown to have strong ties to exposure, vulnerability and recoverability. However, the results herein show that the interdependency between risk and operational decisions differ between the three areas; the effective measures are thus different. The actual exposure, vulnerability and recoverability for a ship is not known nor can it be fully assessed. However, all three aspects of intact stability safety must be considered in a structured manner to reach a cost effective intact stability.
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| 10. |
- Liwång, Hans, Docent, Lektor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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How can systemic perspectives on defence capability development be strengthened?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Defence Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1470-2436 .- 1743-9698. ; 23:3, s. 399-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last thirty years, suggestions for how to develop defence capability have developed rapidly. However, supporting theory and structured concept development lag behind. Despite this imbalance, countries need to continuously spend resources on defence development. This study identifies central challenges in relation to the scientific perspectives and approaches needed to support the development of defence capability. The results show that the support for developing interactions between technology and social components is especially weak and that relevant supporting theories and methods from related fields are not considered. This study also shows that it is important to be able to address these questions from various perspectives and not to be limited by a specific scientific tradition. Finally, this study also identifies a possible emerging cluster of reports on capability-related research that provide a base for a much-needed cross-disciplinary approach to the development of defence capability.
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