| 1. |
- Amann, Daniel, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Affordability aspects in the concept generation of defence systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th International CINet Conference. - Twente : Continuous Innovation Network. - 9789077360200 ; , s. 26-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost escalation for fighter aircraft is arguably not sustainable. Pushing frontiers oftechnology by incremental improvements of traditional platforms has led to anexponential increase in cost. This paper addresses the process of concept generationwith the purpose to explore how affordability is managed in that process, in order toidentify possible measures to improve the likelihood of generating affordableconcepts. This is done by studying two cases of concept generation of future combatair systems. The concepts generated in these two cases are however not curbing thecost escalation and are, with only one notable exception, based on incrementalinnovation. Nevertheless, the empirical observations offer leads to potentially fostera more innovative and cost conscious concept generation process, indicatingavenues for future research.
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| 2. |
- Amann, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inducing Affordability?: Observations From An Experimental Study Of Concept Generation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22th CINet conference, September 12 – 14, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Enschede. - 9789077360248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early preliminary concepts are claimed to have a profound impact on the final product. Since these concepts often are based on intuitive judgements, it is important that these judgements are appropriate for the desired outcome. Intuition is derived from what one brings to mind, and consequently, the access to information is important for making relevant judgements. Therefore, when a departure from a present path of development is sought for, access to new information is likely to be required. Results from an experimental study, addressing affordability and concept generation, indicated that individuals were influenced, by the provision of selective information, to make more cost considerations and even to change approach when generating new concepts. It was further recognized that weak abilities to estimate costs in a lifecycle and capability perspective likely hampered low-cost ambitions. The findings from this study are suggested to contribute to theory on product development, and to support affordability when new products are developed.
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| 3. |
- Capaci, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating and Analyzing Experiments in the Tennessee Eastman Process Simulator
- 2015
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Ingår i: ENBIS-15.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many of today’s continuous processes, the data collection is usually performed automatically yielding exorbitant amount of data on various quality characteristics and inputs to the system. Moreover, such data are usually collected at high frequency introducing significant serial dependence in time. This violates the independent data assumption of many industrial statistics methods used in process improvement studies. These studies often involve controlled experiments to unearth the causal relationships to be used for robustness and optimization purposes.However real production processes are not suitable for studying new experimental methodologies, partly because unknown disturbances/experimental settings may lead to erroneous conclusions. Moreover large scale experimentation in production processes is frowned upon due to consequent disturbances and production delays. Hence realistic simulation of such processes offers an excellent opportunity for experimentation and methodological development.One commonly used process simulator is the Tennessee Eastman (TE) challenge chemical process simulator (Downs & Vogel, 1993)[1]. The process produces two products from four reactants, containing 41 measured variables and 12 manipulated variables. In addition to the process description, the problem statement defines process constraints, 20 types of process disturbances, and six operating modes corresponding to different production rates and mass ratios in the product stream.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of the TE process with an appropriate feedback control as a test-bed for the methodological developments of new experimental design and analysis techniques.The paper illustrates how two-level experimental designs can be used to identify how the input factors affect the outputs in a chemical process.Simulations using Matlab/Simulink software are used to study the impact of e.g. process disturbances, closed loop control and autocorrelated data on different experimental arrangements.The experiments are analysed using a time series analysis approach to identify input-output relationships in a process operating in closed-loop with multivariate responses. The dynamics of the process are explored and the necessary run lengths for stable effect estimates are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Carini, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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Hypersonic attenuation in cesium borate glasses: Relaxation and anharmonicity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093. ; 521-22, s. 247-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal friction and the sound velocity in a cesium borate glass (Cs(2)O)(0.14)(B(2)O(3))(0.86) were measured at ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies by Brillouin scattering measurements over the temperature range between 15 and 300 K. The analysis of the experimental results show that, in addition to thermally activated local motions of structural defects, the vibrational anharmonicity contributes substantially to the temperatures dependences of both the hypersonic loss and velocity. It has been also proved that above 150 K the vibrational anharmonicity appears to be governed by the Akhiezer mechanism of phonon viscosity.
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| 5. |
- Cederberg, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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The Arctic Tern: AI + Soft Values = Save Fuel
- 2023
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Ingår i: 8th Hull Performance & Insight Conference. ; , s. 38-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summaries three years of technical development and research in close collaboration with several major shipping companies. Besides the technical AI-based decision support systems, the project has focused on soft values, how the support systems become efficient support for real, both ashore and onboard. It is important to create knowledge among technical-, commercial- and operation departments within the organisations on how to implement new methods. Different types of vessels operate under vastly different commercial realities that impact the performance and energy effectiveness. Technical systems must be adapted to each actor's reality to achieve a change and drive more climate-friendly transportation. The Arctic Tern shows fuel savings of 2-14%.
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| 6. |
- Cherednichenko, Serguei, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Online Detection of H2O and CO in the Humid Raw Gas from the Gasifier Using Terahertz Spectroscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICPS, 13 International Conference on Polygeneration Strategies, Sept.5-13, Vienna, Austria. - 9783950275483 ; , s. 51-58
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of a gasifier with a complex multistage synthesis process, such as SNG synthesis, demands a fast monitoring of the gasifier performance. However, despite the availability of standard analyzers for determination of dry gas composition, there are still many practical difficulties remaining in the online measurement of tar and steam in the raw gas. For the detection of steam concentration, electromagnetic waves at terahertz frequencies (102-104 GHz) are promising with regard to development of a robust online measurement device for industrial application. The main reason for the high potential is the low risk for interference with the wide range of other molecules and that the transmission of electromagnetic waves at THz frequencies is rather low sensitive to deposits and particulate matter in the course of the beam compared to the conventional and well established wavelengths like infrared. In the present work, a THz gas spectrometer was designed and constructed to check the feasibility of applying this measurement technique at industrial scale. For this purpose, continuous flows of raw gas with various water and CO contents from the Chalmers gasifier as well as a flue gas with known water content from the biomass combustor were introduced to the spectrometer set-up. H2O and CO compositions in each stream were determined in an online manner. The results confirmed the possibility of applying strong rotational water lines at 448 and 380 GHz to develop reliable devices for online measurement of water vapor with excellent error interval. However, some difficulties were encountered for simultaneous detection CO concentration with water within the frequency range studied in this work (300-500 GHz).
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| 7. |
- Cherednichenko, Serguei, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Terahertz Gas Spectrometer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Microwave Days March 11-12, 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a 300-500GHz gas spectrometer built for and practically tested at the 2–4-MW indirect gasifier at the Chalmers Power Center. The primary goal is precise online measurements of H2O vapor and CO concentrations in the producer gas. Experimentally obtained H2O vapor concentration resolution was about 1% at the conditions of 50% VMR and 400 deg.C.
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| 8. |
- Chernikova, Dina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the Neutron-Gamma-Neutron (NGN) approach for the fresh and spent fuel assay
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The 53nd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In connection with current safety and complexity limitations for installations which usekeV neutrons for irradiation in the fresh and spent fuel assay, in medicine, geophysicaland detection fields, there is a long felt need of effective, light, inexpensive systems withlonger lifetimes and the possibility to ”switch off” the source during transportation andwork break. The present paper discusses an opportunity of creating a novel technique basedon using a pulsed neutron generator, hydrogen moderator and beryllium, which will enablecreation of a compact and inexpensive facility capable to satisfy all requirements. The mainidea of the proposed method consists in using photonuclear reaction in beryllium due togamma irradiation originating from (n,gamma) reaction in a hydrogen containing moderator.After the neutron pulse of a modern compact DD neutron generator in hydrogen-containingmoderator, high-energy neutrons (approximately 2.5 MeV) get slowed down mainly by elasticscattering to near thermal energies. At thermal energies, the neutrons diffuse through thematerial until they undergo thermal capture (capture is dominated by hydrogen neutronabsorbers). When a hydrogen atom captures a thermal neutron, it turns into deuteriumwith the release of a large component of 2.23 MeV gamma-rays. Beryllium is one of thefew elements in nature that undergoes a photonuclear reaction with this gamma energyrange (e.g. deuterium has a low energy 2.225 MeV photonuclear threshold). Thus, as theberyllium has lower neutron-binding energy, 1.667 MeV (photonuclear reaction threshold),a photonuclear reaction will take place with emission of neutrons with energy defined by thekinematic equation. Thus, this method allows to obtain a high quality epithermal neutronbeam without using a complex system with particle accelerator or radioisotope sources withlimited decay time. The proposed method has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations,which made it possible to define the theoretical limits of the use of the NGN approach inindustrial applications. The paper will presents the results of these investigations.
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| 9. |
- Chernikova, Dina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Testing a direct method for evaluating the concentration of boron in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors, and a 252Cf and an 241Am-Be source
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceeding of ESARDA meeting 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present investigations are aimed at the development and testing of a direct non-destructive method for evaluating the concentration of boron in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors. The method uses a modified ratio between two gamma lines with energy of 480 keV and 2.23 MeV. These lines belong to the capture of a thermal neutron in boron and hydrogen, respectively. The relation between them can reveal the concentration of boron in the fuel pond.The method proposed was tested in a laboratory experiment with a 252Cf and an 241Am-Be source. EJ-309 liquid scintillation detectors were used for measurements of gamma spectra. The concentration of boron in water varied from 1550 ppm to 4200 ppm. The optimization and test studies were performed via MCNPX simulations.The results of these tests are provided in the present paper and they show that the boron content in water can be determined through using the characteristics of gamma lines with energy of 480 keV and 2.23 MeV.
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| 10. |
- Dominic, Chris, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Four-dimensional concurrent engineering : an extended theoretical framework integrating packaging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Four-dimensional concurrent engineering. - : IAPRI. ; , s. 48-48
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes on the challenge to integrate packaging in a concept of four-dimensional concurrent engineering (4DCE). The purpose is to explore a conceptual model and empirically evaluate the specific performance of packaging in interrelation with product and processes in the Supply Chain (SC). The objectives are to better understand the concepts of packaging logistics and logistics management in the SC. The conceptual model 4DCE is developed based on the three-dimensional concurrent engineering theories.The tool Packaging Scorecard is applied to evaluate the concurrent performance of packaging throughout the SC. The packaging system involves many actors that are integrated into the 4DCE framework with focus on interaction of SC and logistics in relation to packaging and product, with the overall aim to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible. In order to explore the potential of the 4DCE framework, empirical verification and testing of the concept has been carried out. The process has been done through multiple in-depth, action-oriented case studies in three different industries on the Swedish market. The case studies covered holistic aspects on the packaging system.The concept 4DCE contributes to packaging logistics theory by providing a framework for assessment incorporating complex and dynamic interactions between product, packaging, logistics and SC. Furthermore, the holistic packaging development concept is ensured by increasing knowledge of the packaging system and how it interacts with actors and performs to fulfil requirements along the SC. The 4DCE provides valuable data for packaging development processes in the cases, however there is a need for broader studies in different industries.
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