| 1. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Results from cross-fertilization of courses for improved student learning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Building Community: Design Education for a Sustainable Future, E and PDE 2017. - Glasgow : Institution of Engineering Designers, The Design Society. - 9781904670841 - 9781904670858 ; , s. 734-739
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes results from the development of two new industrial design courses in order to improve student learning in both practical and theoretical skills. Practical skills, such as model making and sketching, cannot be studied only as theory. These skills need training, implementation, and time to allow the knowledge to mature. The new course design build upon the CDIO framework where especially two standards are incorporated in the new course design: Standard 3 - Integrated curriculum, where personal and interpersonal skills, and product, process, and system building skills are interwoven with disciplinary knowledge, and Standard 5 - Design-Implement Experiences, where emphasis is on learning by doing, that the students will learn from actually designing something. This paper contains results from studies made during the first implementation of the two new courses, both from a teacher- and a student perspective. Redesigning several courses at the same time facilitates constructive alignment on course level where course activities are aligned with examination, and on program level where course content build upon previous courses and the proper learning outcomes are addressed at the proper time in the education program. On a course level, the results indicate that students are positive towards the interwoven practical and theoretical parts. Also, the student understanding of how different knowledge interact, both practical hands-on and theoretical knowledge, seem to have increased compared to previous years. On a program level, there are indications that much effort should go into organizing the sometimes new roles for the teachers and if overlooked could affect the course negatively, but we now have the knowledge how to implement the CDIO framework to develop courses for improved student learning.
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| 2. |
- Gkouskos, Dimitrios, Assistant Professor, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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What Drivers Really Want : Investigating Dimensions in Automobile User Needs
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - Taiwan : National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 8:1, s. 59-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding what users need, as opposed to what they say they need, can be a challenge. In order to better address users' true needs, two consecutive methods were used in this study: Future Workshops and Repertory Grid Technique. The Future Workshops-where 21 participants designed for two different future scenarios-opened up for inscribing need expressions and possibilities into five futuristic automobile concepts. These concepts were used as a basis for the Repertory Grid, a technique where users compare objects, describing properties that they find to be important or significant. In this study, 78 participants provided 390 constructs of properties, which were refined to 19 dimensions relevant to user needs. Two study measures, Evaluative Ability and Descriptive Richness, indicate which methods to use when exploring the need dimensions further. Finally, the analysis of the constructs and dimensions point towards how three aspects of vehicles and driving are emerging: how novel technology should, or should not, support driving; how the automobile can be seen as something else than just a means of transportation, and how an automobile could be a part of a greater collective of vehicles. © 2014 Gkouskos, Normark & Lundgren.
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| 3. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for a mobile tool to address human factors issues in aircraft maintenance
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 2045-7804 .- 2045-7812. ; 6:3, s. 208-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly specialised personnel are dependent on others and diverse systems to perform error-free aircraft maintenance. Research has shown that the maintenance process can be improved to reduce errors and increase usability by using a mobile tool. The goal of this project was to draw on theories of user-centred design to explore what human factors issues for maintenance personnel can be addressed by a mobile tool to make the most out of maintenance planning, execution, and follow-up. Military aircraft maintenance personnel at an air force unit were interviewed and observed. The following six problem areas that could be improved by the use of a mobile tool were identified: several information sources must constantly be consulted; information is constantly transferred between different locations and media types; technical documentation can be inconsistent and hard to access; there are strict hierarchies and certifications of personnel; the means of recording and transferring communicative information are insufficient; and there can be a long lag time for updates, error reporting and feedback of actions. A correctly designed mobile tool could solve these problems by combining all the information sources and recording relevant maintenance information.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Grane, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Project: EFESOS - Environmental Friendly efficient Enjoyable and Safety Optimized Systems
- 2012
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- EFESOS is a Swedish Vehicle HMI (Human Machine Interaction) FFI research project. The overall ambition is to make driving of future cars more environmental friendly, enjoyable and safer by means of optimized systems. The project is managed by Volvo Car Corporation (VCC) and it is a collaboration between VCC and seven other research partners including Luleå University of Technology.
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| 6. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of automotive visual display guidelines and principles : a literature review
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 14:4, s. 446-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As more and more technology is added to the automobile interior it needs to be designed in a usable and efficient way: to facilitate safe driving. This paper reviews guidelines and visual design principles for automotive instrumentation. Guidelines were compiled, categorized and analysed in order to determine whether they were valid and usable for today’s design of information presentation in automobiles. By doing this, contradictory guidelines and gaps in knowledge were identified and discussed. However, there appeared a consensus within the different guidelines of best practice, and many are still usable by designers today.
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| 7. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Design and evaluation of a personalizable interface in a vehicle context
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - 1748-3050 .- 1569-1551. ; 12:4, s. 308-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More and more functions are available to automobile drivers. A flexible and personalisable user interface tailored to suit the users needs can reduce the amount of distraction by displaying only the desired functions and appearance. The product relevance and user experience can also be enhanced with personalised user interfaces. This study uses experience prototyping to explore what happens if the idea of personalisable interfaces is brought into the automobile context, an area where the user interface traditionally has been rather rigid. An interface prototype was designed and evaluated by 12 participants with a set of methods that complement one another well: think-aloud, Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), interviews, driving simulator, and Microsoft product reaction cards. The results show that both the interface and the general concept of personalisable interfaces were well accepted. The prototype was experienced as flexible, controllable, understandable, usable, and useful, but also distracting. The reported usability issues were related mostly to the use of the available controls in the driving simulator. These were, however, not severe enough to impose a detrimental effect on the driving performance. All participants stated that they would use such a system if they had access to it in their own vehicle.
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| 8. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of a Touch-Based Personalizable In-vehicle User Interface
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 31:11, s. 731-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a trend of personalizable products at the same time as there is a substantial growth of functions in the automobile user interface. A research through design approach was used to explore the potential of a personalizable vehicle user interface to improve traffic safety as well as user experience by offering a product that is tailored to the users own needs and preferences. A prototype was evaluated by 20 participants with several methods: interviews, Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), Microsoft product reaction cards, and driving simulator measures. The prototype was experienced positively (flexible, easy to use, and usable), few usability issues were found, no negative effects on driving performance were found, and it was assumed that it could improve traffic safety. All participants stated that they would want to use such a system in their own cars.
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| 9. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Do redundant head-up and head-down display configurations cause distractions?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design. - Iowa City : University of Iowa, Public Policy Center. - 9780874141627 ; , s. 398-404
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to investigate effects of different display configuration designs. Nineteen drivers completed a driving simulator study designed to resemble normal driving. Driving performance, glance behaviour, physiological measures, and task completion times was measured for two display configuration designs both during driving only and during driving with a simple secondary task, which consisted of detection, and off-setting of presented warnings. The display configuration design with more centrally placed information, e. g. the HUD and HDD, had less detrimental effects on driving performance and glance behaviour. The physiological measures showed, however, no significant differences between display configuration designs.
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| 10. |
- Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of car instrumentation clusters by using eye-tracking
- 2007
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Ingår i: EAEC 2007 Proceedings. - : EAEC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of the ambience presented by instrumentation in the vehicle of today is of great significance for the automotive industry. The rapid technological development of electronic equipment has enabled the large amount of information devices in the drivers' environment. The types of driver information and their appearances are well identified by car manufacturers, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding drivers' perceptions of instrumentation clusters as well as their appearance. To increase this knowledge a study was conducted in order to measure these perceptions. Twenty-three subjects were studied using a method consisting of eye-tracking, assessments and interviews. Each subject was to view eight clusters and to assess each cluster according to six different semantic descriptions. The interviews were based on the subject's individual eye-tracking data. The subject was monitored by an eye-tracking equipment during the assessment task. The results showed that there were some significant correlations between time spent viewing a cluster and its assessment. Moreover, the results also give a view on how clusters are assessed and why they are assessed in particular ways.
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