| 1. |
- Westin, Jonathan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Digitising Sensitive Heritage Monuments In Antarctica
- 2024
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Ingår i: The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLVIII-2/W4-2024. 10th International Workshop 3D-ARCH "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 21–23 February 2024, Siena, Italy / editor(s): S. Campana, F. Fassi, and F. Remondino. - : International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. - 1682-1750.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the Antarctica expedition CHAQ2020, several cultural heritage sites – remains from the Swedish South Polar Expedition (1901–1903) – were documented using a range of different techniques and technologies. These physical monuments and environments are for all intents and purposes unavailable for most researchers due to their remote location and are also threatened by the effects of climate change. Hence, the deployed documentation techniques and technologies were selected both as a consequence of the inherently difficult conditions in Antarctica, where their reliance, durability, and speed were key considerations, but also for their perceived ability to document the unique and fragile environment. The documentation was carried out with the double intention of both allowing for observations in situ through processes of analytical drawings and data capture, but also capturing the environment as broadly and deeply as possible, in essence making a copy of it open for studies of unknown unknowns, that could serve as a source material for research questions still undefined. Hence, with the documentation of the winter station on Snow Hill Island as a case study, and with a perspective on documentation as a method through which to process, preserve, and disseminate information, this article serves to critically detail, compare, and evaluate the digital techniques and technologies that the expedition deployed to capture architectural elements and spatial contexts, and the data that could be obtained through these.
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| 2. |
- Behdadi, Dorna, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A Normative Approach to Artificial Moral Agency
- 2020
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Ingår i: Minds and Machines. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6495 .- 1572-8641. ; 30:2, s. 195-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a methodological redirection of the philosophical debate on artificial moral agency (AMA) in view of increasingly pressing practical needs due to technological development. This “normative approach” suggests abandoning theoretical discussions about what conditions may hold for moral agency and to what extent these may be met by artificial entities such as AI systems and robots. Instead, the debate should focus on how and to what extent such entities should be included in human practices normally assuming moral agency and responsibility of participants. The proposal is backed up by an analysis of the AMA debate, which is found to be overly caught in the opposition between so-called standard and functionalist conceptions of moral agency, conceptually confused and practically inert. Additionally, we outline some main themes of research in need of attention in light of the suggested normative approach to AMA.
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| 3. |
- Ranisch, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics of digital contact tracing apps for the Covid-19 pandemic response
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic man- agement. These apps raise significant moral concerns. It is therefore crucial to consider ethical requirements before and while implementing such apps. Public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely under- mine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness. In response to these demands, to meet ethical requirements and find a basis for justified trust, this background introduces an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. However, even prudently chosen measures of digital contact tracing carry moral costs, which makes it necessary address different trade-offs. This background paper aims to inform developers, researchers and decision-makers be- fore and throughout the process of implementing contact tracing apps.
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| 4. |
- Wagner, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Multistakeholder Governance and Nodal Authority – Understanding Internet Exchange Points
- 2015
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study considers Internet exchange points (IXPs) as an example of governance processes in action. Internet exchange points are the points of connection between different Internet networks, which enable different networks to exchange traffic at a shared facility without cost to either party through a process known as “peering”. Three different IXP governance models representing large and influential IXPs are compared: the DE-CIX in Frankfurt, CAIX in Cairo, and KIXP in Nairobi. DE-CIX, the largest IXP in the world, is a subsidiary of the German Internet trade association eco, and is thus “owned” by the Internet industry in Germany. Though well functioning, this has meant that key stakeholder groups such as civil society, and the academic and technical communities are excluded from participating in discussions over policy decisions. In contrast, the Cairo Internet Exchange Point (CAIX) is run by a public authority, the Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Though it is governed by a broad set of stakeholders including private sector, government, and civil society representatives, its decision-making processes are somewhat opaque. Lastly, KIXP was founded by a Kenyan network engineer and is governed by a local trade association. While set up with multistakeholder coordination under the leadership of the private sector, its dayto-day operations and governance fall under private sector control. By tracing out the plurality of models used for IXP governance and comparing the processes of developing peering relationships, this case provides unique lessons for the governance process, particularly surrounding trade-offs between inclusiveness and effectiveness.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Saget, Sylvie
(författare)
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Language as a Tool: Acceptance-Based Pragmatics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Workshop on Next Generation Human-Agent Interaction (NGHAI), 6th annual International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI 2018), Southampton, UK, 15-18th December 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this research, the communicative level of dialog or interaction is seen as the co-construction of a linguistic tool by dialog part- ners. The background mental attitude enabling such a practical reasoning is acceptance [3, 4]. The distinction between belief and acceptance is here based on their functional role: truth-oriented versus goal-oriented [8] - that is – by extension – encapsulating facts (declarative knowledge) versus tools (procedural knowledge). In order to precisely define this new mental attitude which is accep- tance, its relationship with belief and communicative action, this research aims at developing a rational model of dialog [13] as well as specifying a cognitive architecture. This approach contributes to the explanation of human behavior by refashioning the notion of cooperative speaker. This enables to mix reasoning-based approaches and reuse-based approach of collaborative view of dialog. Additionally, the notion of Acceptance and more especially its social counterpart - Collective Acceptance respects the properties of co-constructed linguistic tools. Enabling a system to both rely different perspectives (its own point of view, their addresses one or common/shared beliefs) or on existing linguistic tools built during the preceding interactions enhances system’s flexibility and rationality [5, 14].
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pelikan, Hannah, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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When a Robot Comes to Life : The Interactional Achievement of Agency as a Transient Phenomenon
- 2022
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Ingår i: Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. - : Koebenhavns Universitet * Institut for Nordiske Studier og Sprogvidenskab,Unversity of Copenhagen, Department of Scandinavian Studies and Linguistics. - 2446-3620. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conceptualizing agency is a long-standing theoretical concern. Taking an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspective, we explore agency as the oriented to capacity to produce situationally and sequentially relevant action. Drawing on video recordings of families interacting with the Cozmo toy robot, we present a multimodal analysis of a single episode featuring a variety of rapidly interchanging forms of robotic (non-)agency. We demonstrate how agency is ongoingly constituted in situated interaction between humans and a robot. Describing different ways in which the robot’s statuses as either an agent or an object are interactionally embodied into being, we distinguish “autonomous” agency, hybrid agency, ascribed agency, potential agency and non-agency.
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| 9. |
- Nešić, Damir, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A probabilistic model of belief in safety cases
- 2021
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A safety case is a hierarchical argument supported by evidence, whose scope is defined by contextual information. The goal is to show that the conclusion of such argument, typically "the system is acceptably safe", is true. However, because the knowledge about systems is always imperfect, the value true cannot be assigned with absolute certainty. Instead, researchers have proposed to assess the belief that a conclusion is true, which should be high for a safe system. Existing methods for belief calculations were shown to suffer from various limitations that lead to unrealistic belief values. This paper presents a novel method, underlined by formal definitions of concepts such as conclusion being true, or context defining the scope. Given these definitions, a general, probabilistic model for the calculation of belief in a conclusion of an arbitrary argument is derived. Because the derived probabilistic model is independent of any safety-case notation, the elements of a commonly used notation are mapped to the formal definitions, and the corresponding probabilistic model is represented as a Bayesian Network to enable large-scale calculations. Finally, the method is applied to scenarios where previous methods produce unrealistic values, and it is shown that the presented method produces belief values as expected.
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| 10. |
- Demir, Ozlem Tugfe, et al.
(författare)
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Channel Modeling and Channel Estimation for Holographic Massive MIMO With Planar Arrays
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 11:5, s. 997-1001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a realistic wireless environment, the multi-antenna channel usually exhibits spatially correlated fading. This is more emphasized when a large number of antennas is densely deployed, known as holographic massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output). In the first part of this letter, we develop a channel model for holographic massive MIMO by considering both non-isotropic scattering and directive antennas. With a large number of antennas, it is difficult to obtain full knowledge of the spatial correlation matrix. In this case, channel estimation is conventionally done using the least-squares (LS) estimator that requires no prior information of the channel statistics or array geometry. In the second part of this letter, we propose a novel channel estimation scheme that exploits the array geometry to identify a subspace of reduced rank that covers the eigenspace of any spatial correlation matrix. The proposed estimator outperforms the LS estimator, without using any user-specific channel statistics.
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