| 1. |
- Kuhn, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Fuel Electrode Roughness on the Properties of Plasma Sprayed Solid Oxide Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 165:9, s. F693-F701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid oxide cell electrolytes fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying are frequently found to have considerable gas leak rates.Electrode surface roughness is known to have an influence on electrolyte leak rates. A jet of high velocity air, produced with an airknife, was aimed at the plasma plume during fuel electrode deposition to reduce the surface roughness prior to electrolyte deposition.The resulting fuel electrode masses, electrode compositions, and electrode surface roughnesses were measured for varying air knifeinlet pressures. Surface asperity populations and maximum heights were significantly reduced using air knife pressures of >6 barat the expense of deposition efficiency. The nickel volume fraction in the fuel electrode increased slightly with increasing air knifepressure. Open circuit voltages were larger on the smoother fuel electrodes that were produced at higher air knife pressures, but nosignificant effect of air knife pressure on cell power density could be discerned.© 2018 The Electrochemical Society
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Johan, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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High-Temperature Corrosion of HVAF-Sprayed Ni-Based Coatings for Boiler Applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 91:5-6, s. 729-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the initial corrosion behaviour of HVAF-sprayed NiCr, NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings in two different environments, O 2 + H 2 O and O 2 + H 2 O + KCl at 600 °C for up to 168 h in order to evaluate the possibility of utilizing such coatings in biomass- and waste-fired boilers. SEM/EDX analysis showed that all coatings displayed a protective behaviour in O 2 + H 2 O. Upon addition of KCl (O 2 + H 2 O + KCl), the corrosion behaviour of the NiCr coating drastically changed as it formed a thick oxide layer and displayed major chlorine diffusion down to the substrate. The NiCrAlY coating displayed a significantly better corrosion resistance with only minor oxide formation. The NiAl coating exhibited a protective behaviour similar to when exposed in the absence of KCl indicating that a thin protective oxide has formed on the coating surface. The performance of the NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings is promising for future studies with long-term exposures in more corrosive environments such as in a biomass- and waste-fired boiler.
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| 3. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale phase separations in as-fabricated thick super duplex stainless steels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : SPRINGER. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 56:21, s. 12475-12485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscale phase separations, and effects of these, were studied for thick super duplex stainless steel products by atom probe tomography and mechanical testing. Although nanoscale phase separations typically occur during long-time service at intermediate temperatures (300-500 degrees C, our results show that slowly cooled products start to develop Fe and Cr separation and/or precipitation of Cu-rich particles already during fabrication. Copper significantly slowed down the kinetics at the expense of Cu-rich particle precipitation, where the high-copper material subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), with Delta t(500-400) of 160 s and the low-copper hot-rolled plate with Delta t(500-400) of 2 s had the same level of Fe and Cr separation. The phase separations resulted in lower toughness and higher hardness of the HIP material than for hot-rolled plate. Therefore, both local cooling rate dependent and alloy composition governed variations of phase separations can be expected in as-fabricated condition.
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| 4. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Spinodal Decomposition in Functionally Graded Super Duplex Stainless Steel and Weld Metal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 49A:7, s. 2803-2816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-temperature phase separations (T < 500 °C), resulting in changes in mechanical and corrosion properties, of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) base and weld metals were investigated for short heat treatment times (0.5 to 600 minutes). A novel heat treatment technique, where a stationary arc produces a steady state temperature gradient for selected times, was employed to fabricate functionally graded materials. Three different initial material conditions including 2507 SDSS, remelted 2507 SDSS, and 2509 SDSS weld metal were investigated. Selective etching of ferrite significantly decreased in regions heat treated at 435 °C to 480 °C already after 3 minutes due to rapid phase separations. Atom probe tomography results revealed spinodal decomposition of ferrite and precipitation of Cu particles. Microhardness mapping showed that as-welded microstructure and/or higher Ni content accelerated decomposition. The arc heat treatment technique combined with microhardness mapping and electrolytical etching was found to be a successful approach to evaluate kinetics of low-temperature phase separations in SDSS, particularly at its earlier stages. A time-temperature transformation diagram was proposed showing the kinetics of 475 °C-embrittlement in 2507 SDSS.
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| 5. |
- Jonnalagadda, Krisha Praveen, et al.
(författare)
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Hot Corrosion Mechanism in Multi-Layer Suspension Plasma Sprayed Gd2Zr2O7 /YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings in the Presence of V2O5 + Na2SO4
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 26:1-2, s. 140-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the corrosion resistance of two-layer Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ, three-layer dense Gd2Zr2O7/ Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ, and a reference single-layer YSZ coating with a similar overall top coat thickness of 300-320 µm. All the coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spraying resulting in a columnar structure except for the dense layer. Corrosion tests were conducted at 900 °C for 8 h using V2O5 and Na2SO4 as corrosive salts at a concentration of approximately 4 mg/cm2. SEM investigations after the corrosion tests show that Gd2Zr2O7-based coatings exhibited lower reactivity with the corrosive salts and the formation of gadolinium vanadate (GdVO4), accompanied by the phase transformation of zirconia was observed. It is believed that the GdVO4 formation between the columns reduced the strain tolerance of the coating and also due to the fact that Gd2Zr2O7 has a lower fracture toughness value made it more susceptible to corrosion-induced damage. Furthermore, the presence of a relatively dense layer of Gd2Zr2O7 on the top did not improve in reducing the corrosion-induced damage. For the reference YSZ coating, the observed corrosion-induced damage was lower probably due to combination of more limited salt penetration, the SPS microstructure and superior fracture toughness of YSZ.
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| 6. |
- Mulone, Antonio, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Development of yttria-stabilized zirconia and graphene coatings obtained by suspension plasma spraying: Thermal stability and influence on mechanical properties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 49:6, s. 9000-9009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the feasibility of depositing graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite coatings. The coatings were deposited from an ethanol-based mixed YSZ and GNP suspension using suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of GNPs in the YSZ matrix, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a desired columnar microstructure with GNPs distributed predominantly in the inter-columnar spacing of the YSZ matrix. The as-deposited YSZ-GNP coatings were subjected to different isothermal treatments—400, 500, and 600 °C for 8 h—to study the thermal stability of the GNPs in the composite coatings. Raman analysis showed the retention of GNPs in specimens exposed to temperatures up to 500 °C, although the defect concentration in the graphitic structure increased with increasing temperature. Only a marginal effect on the mechanical properties (i.e., hardness and fracture toughness) was observed for the isothermally treated coatings.
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| 7. |
- Sadeghimeresht, Esmaeil, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of water vapor on the oxidation behavior of HVAF-sprayed NiCr and NiCrAlY coatings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 69:10, s. 1431-1440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isothermal oxidation behavior of NiCr and NiCrAlY coatings deposited onto low alloy 16Mo3 steel by high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) process was investigated in 5% O-2+20% H2O+N-2 at 600 degrees C for 168h. Whereas NiCrAlY showed lower mass gain compared to NiCr, both coatings succeeded in maintaining the integrity with the substrate during the exposure without any breakaway oxidation. A thin Cr-rich oxide scale (Cr2O3) formed on NiCr, and a thin mixed oxide scale (Al2O3 with NiCr2O4) formed on NiCrAlY significantly increasing the oxidation protection in the presence of water vapor.
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| 8. |
- Sadeghimeresht, Esmaeil, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation behaviour of HVAF-sprayed NiCr coating in moisture-laden environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition (ITSC 2017). - New York : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781510858220 ; 2, s. 644-646
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing CO2 emissions from power generation plants is intimately related to enhancing their thermal efficiency, which can be achieved by increasing the temperature/pressure of steam. However, any increase in steam temperature is inevitably accompanied by accelerated oxidation of boiler components. The use of renewable fuels such as biomass increases the problem by introducing a number of corrosive compounds into the boiler environment, resulting in more rapid degradation of components. Although thermal sprayed coatings are techno-commercially attractive solutions for augmenting the durability of degradation-prone boiler components and are already used, further improvements in their performance are continuously sought. High-velocity air fuel (HVAF) coatings are promising in this context. In the present work, isothermal oxidation behavior of a candidate HVAF-sprayed Ni21Cr was studied in N2 + 5% O2 + 20% H2O at 600°C for 168h. The oxide scale growth mechanisms were studied by BIB/SEM/EDX to evaluate the effectiveness of the coatings. It was found that the water vapor effect is insignificant due to the Cr reservoir in the Ni21Cr coating, which yielded enhanced oxidation protection by forming nano-scale Cr2O3.
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| 9. |
- Karimineghlani, Parvin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of lead ions adsorption on hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile fibers using central composite design
- 2017
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 83, s. 133-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimization of lead ions (Pb++) adsorption on the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers was reported by using statistical approach. Electrospinning of PAN solutions in dimethylformamide (DMF) was performed with different concentrations. The electrospun fibres, with various diame-ters, were then hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) for different reaction times and temperatures. Response surface methodology (RSM) helped optimizing the hydrolysis reaction con-ditions to maximize the adsorption capacity of the PAN fibers. The maximum value of adsorption capacity was experimentally determined to be 141 mg/g with the optimized values of hydrolysis reaction time, temperature and fiber diameter being 61.6°C, 82.1 min and 280 nm, respectively. The as-prepared electrospun fibers, hydrolyzed fibers and fibers after adsorption process were charac-terized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental adsorption data fit very well with the Langmuir isotherm model. It was found that Pb++ ions adsorption on the nanofibers was 20 times higher than that on microfibers under the same conditions. Adsorption kinetics followed the second order kinetics model. © 2017 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
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