| 1. |
- Li, Jing
(författare)
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Understanding corrosion protection mechanisms of nanocomposite polymer coatings on carbon steel : A combination of in-situ AFM and electrochemical studies
- 2015
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrosion protection of carbon steel is crucial in today’s world and there is an urgent need to replace the hazardous compounds used with environmentally friendly anticorrosion coatings. In this European collaborative research project, new types of functional composite anticorrosion coatings for steel were developed with properties beyond the state-of-the-art using nanotechnology. The corrosion protection properties of waterborne (WB) acrylic and solventborne (SB) alkyd anticorrosion coatings are combined with special ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs), nanoclay and polyaniline (PANI). The corrosion protection mechanisms of these new coating systems in a corrosive environment of 3 wt. % NaCl solution have been explored. In this work, a WB acrylic coating with high hydrophobicity and low emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and a WB composite coating with the addition of acetic acid stabilized CeNPs were developed. An advanced surface functionalization was used to make the CeNPs compatible with the WB matrix and to achieve improved corrosion protection for carbon steel. A SB compositealkyd coating with high solids content and the addition of dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride modified nanoclay, and another one with sulfonic acid doped emeraldine salt (ES) form of PANI were also developed, taking into account of the compatibility between the additives and the polymer matrix.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized for characterization of the these coatings. Ex-situ and in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the stability and activity of the nanoparticles in the nano-structured latex in these coatings. Electrochemical controlled (EC)-AFM and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to study the occurrence of active redox reactions in the nanoparticle additive in the acrylic and alkyd composite coatings. In combination, open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the long-term corrosion protection behavior of these coatings. The corrosion protection mechanisms of the developed coating systems were revealed by a combination of AFM and electrochemical techniques. The key results and conclusions can be summarized as follows: The WB acrylic coating with crosslinking was shown to be a stable barrier protection against corrosion for carbon steel in the 3 wt. % NaCl solution, which can be attributed to its high level of hydrophobicity and the compact structure with densely packed latex nanoparticles. The improved corrosion protection of the WB composite acrylic coating with 1 wt. % CeNPs in the NaCl solution was attributed to the uniform distribution of the CeNPs in the composite coating and the re-deposition of the insoluble cerium compounds, impeding the penetration of water and corrosive ions into the metal surface. The enhanced corrosion protection of the SB composite alkyd coating with 3 wt. % nanoclay was attributed to the intercalation of the nanoclay with the laminar structure in the polymer matrix that decreased water penetration. The redox reaction peaks in the CV and the changes of the PANI aggregates under the applied potentials observed in the EC-AFM revealed the active corrosion protection mechanism of the 1 wt. % PANI in the SB composite alkyd coating. The PANI appears to have passivated the metal surface by a redox reaction between the ES and leuco emeraldine base (LB) forms of PANI during exposure to the NaCl solution. In short, our study has demonstrated the improved corrosion protection properties and revealed the protection mechanisms of the new nanocomposite coatings for carbon steel. Thus, with the environmentally-friendly anticorrosion coatings developed in this project it will be possible to reduce the use of toxic and hazardous substances in and to reduce the release of VOCs from anticorrosion coatings. Furthermore, this work has opened up the possibility for using nanoparticles in the development of organic coatings for corrosion protection of metal.
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| 2. |
- Rahman, Hafizur, Researcher, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of improved CTMP with even sulphonate distribution at fibre level using XRF analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transactions of the 17th Fundamental Research Symposium held in Cambridge: August/September 2022. - 9780992616366 ; , s. 3-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing the fiber property distribution could increase the pulp properties as well as the process efficiency of chemimechanical pulps (CMP/CTMP). This can only be achieved with a better understanding of how evenly distributed sulphonate concentrations are between the individual CTMP fibres. Given that the quality of wood chips varies with the chipping methods used in pulpwood processing and sawmill processing, as well as with the chip screening system, it is a challenge to develop an impregnation process that ensures even distribution of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) in the liquid used to impregnate the chemimechanical pulp (CMP/CTMP). Therefore, the distribution of sulphonate groups within wood chips and individual fibers must be measured at the microscale level. On a micro level, the degree of unevenness, ie, the amount of fiber sulphonation and softening before defibration, cannot be determined due to the use of excessively robust or complex processing methods. By having it, we could better understand how sulphonation occurs before defibration, so we could improve impregnation. Developing a laboratory-scale miniaturized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) method that measures sulfur distribution at the fiber level can enable us to study the influence of impregnation on improving processes.
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| 3. |
- Xia, Chen
(författare)
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Natural hematite for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 26:6, s. 938-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural hematite ore is used as a novel electrolyte material for advanced solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This hematite-based system exhibits a maximum power density of 225 mW cm −2 at 600 °C and reaches 467 mW cm −2 whenthe hematite is mixed with perovskite-structured La 0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ.These results demonstrate that natural materials for next-generation SOFCs can infl uence the multiutilization of natural resources, thereby affecting the environment and energy sustainability.
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| 4. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ AFM and Electrochemical Study of a Waterborne Acrylic Composite Coating with CeO2 Nanoparticles for Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 162:10, s. C610-C618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion protection of a waterborne acrylic composite coating with 1 wt% ceria nanoparticles (CeNP) coated on carbon steel in 3 wt% NaCl solution was investigated by ex-situ and in situ as well as electrochemical atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, combined with open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The synthesized CeNP were stabilized by acetic acid. The transmission electron microscopy characterization showed fine nano-size of as-synthesized CeNP, the ex-situ AFM imaging revealed uniform dispersion of the CeNP in the composite coating and greatly reduced nano-sized pinholes in the coating. The in situ and electrochemical (EC) AFM investigations indicate release of some CeNP and aggregates from the coating surface and then precipitation of some particles and cerium-compounds during the exposure. The OCP and EIS results demonstrated that the addition of 1 wt% CeNP leads to a significantly improved long term barrier type corrosion protection of the waterborne acrylic composite coating for carbon steel in 3 wt% NaCl solution. The beneficial effect of the CeNP is attributed to the blocking of nano-sized defects and inhibition by the cerium compounds originated from the acetic acid stabilized CeNP.
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