| 1. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Using the ACD3-ladder to manage multi-phase requirements on end-user products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670872 ; 4:DS87-4, s. 425-434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the development of any end-user product, a multitude of design decisions need to be made. But if design activities and decisions happen at the wrong time, or not at all, unintentional and sometimes negative design outcomes can be the result. Determining all requirements early in the product development is traditionally recommended, but may force design decisions to be made prematurely onthe basis of incomplete preconditions. Requirements at different degrees of resolution are useful and purposeful at different stages of the development process. To address these requirements management challenges, this paper proposes an approach for incrementally developing requirements in parallel with design, based upon a previously developed framework called ACD³, which draws on a combination of theoretically compatible ideas and concepts from Design Engineering, Human Factors/Ergonomics,Usability and Systems Theory. This approach helps designers identify and handle the possible interdependencies of design variables. The paper also theoretically motivates and demonstrates with an example how the different resolution levels of requirements relate within the framework.
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| 2. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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How design process for the Base of the Pyramid differs from that for the Top of the Pyramid
- 2014
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Ingår i: Design Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-694X .- 1872-6909. ; 35:5, s. 527-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of the poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation. However, the current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the difference between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem driven, solution driven strategy), their requirements handling behaviour, and their information behaviour.
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| 3. |
- Michaelis, Marcel, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Plattform-Based Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Entering the Tiger's Cave - Perspectives on Japanese and Swedisch Product Development. Dag Bergsjö (Ed.). ; , s. 31-35
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the main drivers for platform-based development and production is the possibility to combine customization with economies of scale. The reuse of common resources in multiple, customized design variants is one way of achieving this. However, the economic benefits may be easily lost. A relatively small design differentiation, for example, may lead to a relatively large number of parts having to be modified. More fruitful approaches that can support carry-over without major drawbacks include, for example, adopting a carefully planned development process or to reusing more abstract design knowledge.
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| 4. |
- Wagersten, Ola S, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Robust Design and Quality Assurance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Entering the Tiger's Cave - Perspectives on Japanese and Swedisch Product Development. Dag Bergsjö (Ed.). ; , s. 37-44
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Robust design aims at reducing the effects of variation on a design, without eliminating the variation itself. It is a method of improving product quality with little or no additional manufacturing costs.Robust design methodology was pioneered by Japanese statistician Genichi Taguchi in the 1960s. His work is believed to have had a large influence on Japanese engineering tradition, and he is credited with playing a part in the Japanese industrial boom of the 1970s and 1980s. Today, robust design methodology is employed in companies all over the world, and extensive research has been conducted on the subject.
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| 5. |
- Sanchez Heres, Luis Felipe, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of composite maritime structures - effects of uncertainties on design criteria limits
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advances in Marine Structures - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT 2011). - 9780415677714 ; , s. 707-714, s. 707-714
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composite materials have been used successfully in vessels since the 1960s. Changes during the last decade in international regulations, fuel prices and environmental concerns have dramatically increased the interest of the marine industry in lightweight composite materials. There are many questions regarding the material’s properties and behaviour that still remain, leading, in some instances to too robustly designed crafts. There-fore, the new generation of composite vessels requires a finer tuning of safety and weight, which can be achieved by analyzing thoroughly the behaviour of the material and the effects of uncertainties and approxi-mations found in the design process. This paper presents the study of two design methodologies with different degrees of complexity, through deterministic and probabilistic analyses, in order to determine their benefits, drawbacks and challenges.
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| 6. |
- Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Image regression-based digital qualification for simulation-driven design processes, case study on curtain airbag
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering design (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-4828 .- 1466-1837. ; 34:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today digital qualification tools are part of many design processes that make them dependent on long and expensive simulations, leading to limited ability in exploring design alternatives. Conventional surrogate modelling techniques depend on the parametric models and come short in addressing radical design changes. Existing data-driven models lack the ability in dealing with the geometrical complexities. Thus, to address the resulting long development lead time problem in the product development processes and to enable parameter-independent surrogate modelling, this paper proposes a method to use images as input for design evaluation. Using a case study on the curtain airbag design process, a database consisting of 60,000 configurations has been created and labelled using a method based on dynamic relaxation instead of finite element methods. The database is made available online for research benchmark purposes. A convolutional neural network with multiple layers is employed to map the input images to the simulation output. It was concluded that the showcased data-driven method could reduce digital testing and qualification time significantly and contribute to real-time analysis in product development. Designers can utilise images of geometrical information to build real-time prediction models with acceptable accuracy in the early conceptual phases for design space exploration purposes.
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A Systemic Overview of Factors Affecting the Cognitive Performance of Industrial Manual Assembly Workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. ; 221 LNNS, s. 371-381
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In paced assembly lines, cognitive processing is required from assembly workers to perform correct and timely assembly of complex products with varying specifications. This interview study involving 75 industrial assemblers, design- and manufacturing engineers explores how assemblers’ cognitive performance is influenced by multiple factors within the contexts of product design, production setup and assembly. Our results indicate that both positive and negative effects on assemblers’ cognitive performance can stem from task design, timing, physical loading demands, extrinsic motivation factors, teamwork and the assembly “interface” design. Among design- and manufacturing engineers, two mindsets emerged: (i) a product-centred mindset relying on assemblers having sufficient experience, knowledge, and assembly instructions, (ii) an assembler-focused mindset characterised by an iterative and collaborative development process to ensure easy-to-assemble solutions, and avoid errors, delays and costly re-work. Despite organizational differences and conditions between the companies that took part in the study, the results are largely consistent.
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| 8. |
- Elenius, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Minoritetsspråk och myndighetskontakt : flerspråkighet bland användare av samiska, meänkieli och finska i Norrbottens län efter minoritetsspråklagarnas tillkomst 2000
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I undersökningen har två intervjuundersökningar gjorts med minoritetsspråksanvändare i Kiruna, Pajala och Haparande kommun. I den ena har direktintervjuer gjorts med 79 individer i de tre kommunerna. I den andra har telefonintervjuer gjorts med 42 individer som representerar föreningar och organisatoner i området, samt med 10 representatner för myndigheter.Språkanvändningen har undersökts på individnivå, gruppnivå och samhällsnivå med största fokus på individnivån. För att analysera hur samiska, meänkieli och finska använts i kontakter med myndigheter har ett helhetsperspektiv anlagts på språkanvändningen. Det betyder att både privata och offentliga språkdomäner undersökts. Materialet har sedan analyserats med avseende på hur de språkliga minoriteterna i området har använt sig av minoritetsspråklagarna utifrån de tre kriterierna identitet, deltagande och effektivitet.Syftet med studien har varit att utreda varför språkanvändarna i så liten utsträckning har använt sig av de möjligheter som lagarna innebär. En generell frågeställning är om det finns en avgörande skillnad i myndigheternas sätt att betrakta användningen av ett minoritetsspråk i offentliga och formella sammanhang, jämfört med de enskilda individernas sätt att se på minoritetsspråkets nvändning, främst då i kontakterna med olika offentliga organ.
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| 9. |
- Hiort af Ornäs, Viktor
(författare)
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The Significance of Things : Affective User-Artefact Relations
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Products help people act, but also thrill, excite, and elicit fear, joy and anger. Artefacts are a natural part of people’s everyday lives, sometimes associated with values, dreams and aspirations. While traditional user-centred approaches have focused on efficiency and effectiveness of use, injury prevention etc. new approaches focusing on product experience have emerged. However, while increased attention is being paid to the experiential side of goods and services there remains a need for knowledge and methodology with which to address experiences with things, especially with regard to elicitation, specification and evaluation of requirements. This project has therefore taken an exploratory qualitative approach, aiming to elucidate what it is that people find significant in experiences with products. 159 participants in six different studies have shared descriptions of experiences with things. The studies have come from different perspectives, triangulating data collected in individual and group interviews with self-reports. The analysis indicates that things often matter not in terms of their mere presence or physical properties, but by standing out from expectations, requiring attention or referring to some idea. Often the significance of products lay in the role(s) they play in events, and the perceived impact the thing has on the person’s ability to realise motives. While only a fraction of all experiences with things could be prescribed in product development it is possible to scaffold conditions that increase or decrease their likelihood. Three perspectives that could potentially be addressable in development work are: significant things and associated meanings, significance in use and significance of consequences beyond use. These imply somewhat different objectives for design and different needs for knowledge. User experience is not a property or quality of an artefact, but a perspective that can to some extent be addressed by enabling developers to identify requirements and align their understanding with what users find significant.
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| 10. |
- Lithgow, Drew, et al.
(författare)
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DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR CUSTOMISED AND LARGE-SCALE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A CASE STUDY ON CUSTOM KAYAKS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 2019-August
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the potential to increase the ability to customise large-scale plastic components. However, a substantial amount of manual work is still required during the customisation process, both in design and manufacturing. This paper looks into how the additive manufacturing of mass customised large-scale products can be supported. Data was collected through interaction with industrial partners and potential customers in a case study regarding the customisation of kayaks. As a result, the paper proposes a model-based methodology which combines design automation with a user interface. The results point to the benefit of the proposed methodology in terms of design efficiency, as well as in terms of displaying results to the end user in an understandable format.
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