| 1. |
- Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary Analysis of a Geared Fan Intercooled Core Aero-Engine
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. - : ASME International. - 1528-8919 .- 0742-4795. ; 136:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reduction of CO2 emissions is strongly linked with the improvement of engine specific fuel consumption, along with the reduction of engine nacelle drag and weight. One alternative design approach to improving specific fuel consumption is to consider a geared fan combined with an increased overall pressure ratio intercooled core performance cycle. The thermal benefits from intercooling have been well documented in the literature. Nevertheless, there is very little information available in the public domain with respect to design space exploration of such an engine concept when combined with a geared fan. The present work uses a multidisciplinary conceptual design tool to analyze the option of an intercooled core geared fan aero engine for long haul applications with a 2020 entry into service technology level assumption. With minimum mission fuel in mind, the results indicate as optimal values a pressure ratio split exponent of 0.38 and an intercooler mass flow ratio of 1.18 at hot-day top of climb conditions. At ISA midcruise conditions a specific thrust of 86 m/s, a jet velocity ratio of 0.83, an intercooler effectiveness of 56%, and an overall pressure ratio value of 76 are likely to be a good choice. A 70,000 lbf intercooled turbofan engine is large enough to make efficient use of an all-axial compression system, particularly within a geared fan configuration, but intercooling is perhaps more likely to be applied to even larger engines. The proposed optimal jet velocity ratio is actually higher than the value one would expect by using standard analytical expressions, primarily because this design variable affects core efficiency at midcruise due to a combination of several different subtle changes to the core cycle and core component efficiencies at this condition. The analytical expressions do not consider changes in core efficiency and the beneficial effect of intercooling on transfer efficiency, nor do they account for losses in the bypass duct and jet pipe, while a relatively detailed engine performance model, such as the one utilized in this study, does. Mission fuel results from a surrogate model are in good agreement with the results obtained from a rubberized-wing aircraft model for some of the design parameters. This indicates that it is possible to replace an aircraft model with specific fuel consumption and weight penalty exchange rates. Nevertheless, drag count exchange rates have to be utilized to properly assess changes in mission fuel for those design parameters that affect nacelle diameter.
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| 2. |
- Grönstedt, Tomas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Low Pressure System Component Advancements and Its Influence on Future Turbofan Engine Emissions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea and Air, GT2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the European research project EnVIronmenTALly Friendly Aero Engines, VITAL, a number of low pressure system component technologies are being investigated. The emerging progress will allow the design of new power plants providing a step change in engine fuel burn and noise. As part of the VITAL project a Technoeconomic and Environmental Risk Assessment tool, the TERA2020, is being developed. Within this tool, means to assess the impact of component technology progress on the engine/aircraft system level has been implemented. Sensitivities relating parameters traditionally used to describe component performance, such as allowable shaft torque, low pressure turbine stage loading, fan blade weight and system level parameters have been established. This allows a direct assessment of the impact of component research progress on the VITAL power plant CO2 and noise emissions.
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| 3. |
- Zhao, Xin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the performance potential for a two-pass cross flow intercooler for aero engine applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Society for Airbreathing Engines, ISABE, Busan, South Korea, 2013, ( ISABE-2013-1215 ).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intercoolers have recently received a considerable attention as a means to improve aero engine efficiency. Intercoolers have the potential to improve engine SFC, ease the design of an efficient turbine cooling system by reducing compressor exit temperatures and hence cooling air temperatures, as well as reducing NOx emissions. Intercooling may also provide benefits by increasing the specific output of the engine core and therefore reduce total engine weight. The performance potential for a two-pass cross flow intercooler has been estimated through an analysis of a long range mission for a geared turbofan engine. The application of a set of CFD based correlations allows the simultaneous coupled optimization of the intercooler conceptual design parameters and the engine design. The coolant air for the intercooler is ejected through a separate variable exhaust nozzle which is used to optimize the engine performance in cruise. By comparing the optimized intercooled geared engine with an optimized advanced non-intercooled geared engine, a reduction of 4.8% fuel burn is observed.
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| 4. |
- Sahoo, Smruti, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of Concepts, Benefits, and Challenges for Future Electrical Propulsion-Based Aircraft
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aerospace. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-4310. ; 7:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrification of the propulsion system has opened the door to a new paradigm of propulsion system configurations and novel aircraft designs, which was never envisioned before. Despite lofty promises, the concept must overcome the design and sizing challenges to make it realizable. A suitable modeling framework is desired in order to explore the design space at the conceptual level. A greater investment in enabling technologies, and infrastructural developments, is expected to facilitate its successful application in the market. In this review paper, several scholarly articles were surveyed to get an insight into the current landscape of research endeavors and the formulated derivations related to electric aircraft developments. The barriers and the needed future technological development paths are discussed. The paper also includes detailed assessments of the implications and other needs pertaining to future technology, regulation, certification, and infrastructure developments, in order to make the next generation electric aircraft operation commercially worthy.
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