| 1. |
- Suwannakhan, Athikhun, et al.
(författare)
-
The Quality and Readability of English Wikipedia Anatomy Articles
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Anatomical Sciences Education. - : Wiley. - 1935-9780 .- 1935-9772. ; 13:4, s. 1166-1176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty anatomy articles were sampled from English Wikipedia and assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, each article’s edit history was analyzed by Wikipedia X-tools, references and media were counted manually, and two readability indices were used to evaluate article readability. This analysis revealed that each article was updated 8.3 ± 6.8 times per month, and referenced with 33.5 ± 24.3 sources, such as journal articles and textbooks. Each article contained on average 14.0 ± 7.6 media items. The readability indices including: (1) Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Readability Test and (2) Flesch Reading Ease Readability Formula demonstrated that the articles had low readability and were more appropriate for college students and above. Qualitatively, the sampled articles were evaluated by experts using a modified DISCERN survey. According to the modified DISCERN, 13 articles (32.5%), 24 articles (60%), 3 articles (7.5%), were rated as “good,” “moderate,” and “poor,” respectively. There were positive correlations between the DISCERN score and the number of edits (r = 0.537), number of editors (r = 0.560), and article length (r = 0.536). Strengths reported by the panel included completeness and coverage in 11 articles (27.5%), anatomical details in 10 articles (25%), and clinical details in 5 articles (12.5%). The panel also noted areas which could be improved, such as providing missing information in 28 articles (70%), inaccuracies in 10 articles (25%), and lack or poor use of images in 17 articles (42.5%). In conclusion, this study revealed that many Wikipedia anatomy articles were difficult to read. Each article’s quality was dependent on edit frequency and article length. Learners and students should be cautious when using Wikipedia articles for anatomy education due to these limitations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenomenal fields forever. Instructed action and perception’s work
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Instructed and Instructive Actions. The Situated Production, Reproduction, and Subversion of Social Order, edited by Michael Lynch & Oskar Lindwall. - London : Routledge. - 9781003279235 ; , s. 57-72
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting point for the study is the idea that many practices rely on specific methods that regularly evade formalized accounts. Some techniques are considered too trivial or idiosyncratic even when providing descriptions of the work intended as instructions. This chapter analyzes such a case taken from endovascular surgery: a form of image-guided intervention that relies on angiography and fluoroscopy imaging modalities. In this practice, surgeons must repeatedly move between different images while still remembering certain visualized features that are now lost from view. Some procedures to overcome this challenge have been outlined in the medical literature. We describe an additional method, which is de facto used in practice while still residing outside of the formally recognized methods of that practice. The technique relies on the creative use of a computer cursor as a visual aid for marking locations in the images. This workaround is built on local practices and technologies and is now an integral part of how the work gets done. It operates as a form of instructed action: a series of activities prospectively oriented to creating a shared phenomenal field by and for the collaborating surgeons.
|
|
| 3. |
- Löfving, Björn, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualization of Disability Glare Due to Veiling Luminance
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 78, s. 735-740
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a simulation method to evaluate and visualize disability glare problems. Mathematical calculations of visual degradations due to optical imperfections in the eye are performed on luminance photos of scenes and the result is visualized. The method was evaluated in three indoor and outdoor cases where different visual aspects on disability glare were studied. Overall, the simulations predicted problem areas in the scenes to a large extent. The method was also applied in a light rendered 3D-model and gave indications for improvements of the light setting. Aspects on improving environmental planning by better understanding of human vision are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Memory aging and brain maintenance
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 16:5, s. 292-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Episodic memory and working memory decline with advancing age. Nevertheless, large-scale population-based studies document well-preserved memory functioning in some older individuals. The influential 'reserve' notion holds that individual differences in brain characteristics or in the manner people process tasks allow some individuals to cope better than others with brain pathology and hence show preserved memory performance. Here, we discuss a complementary concept, that of brain maintenance (or relative lack of brain pathology), and argue that it constitutes the primary determinant of successful memory aging. We discuss evidence for brain maintenance at different levels: cellular, neurochemical, gray- and white-matter integrity, and systems-level activation patterns. Various genetic and lifestyle factors support brain maintenance in aging and interventions may be designed to promote maintenance of brain structure and function in late life.
|
|
| 5. |
- Petaros, Anja, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual dimorphism in mastoid process volumes measured from 3D models of dry crania from mediaeval Croatia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Homo (Stuttgart). - : Schweizerbart. - 0018-442X .- 1618-1301. ; 72:2, s. 113-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3D analysis of skeletal volumes has become an important field in digital anthropology studies. The volume of the mastoid process has been proposed to display significant sexual dimorphism, but it has a complex shape and to date no study has quantified the full mastoid volume for sex estimation purposes. In this study we compared three different ways to isolate the volume of the mastoid process from digital 3D models of dry crania, and then evaluated the performance of the three different volume definitions for sex estimation purposes. A total of 170 crania (86 male, 84 females) excavated from five medieval Croatian sites were CT-scanned and used to produce 3D stereolitographic models. The three different isolation techniques were based on various anatomical landmarks and planes, as well as the anatomy of the mastoid process itself. Measurements of the three different mastoid volumes yielded different accuracies and precisions. Interestingly, anatomical structures were sometimes more useful than classical landmarks as demarcators of mastoid volume. For all three volume definitions, male mastoid volumes were significantly larger than female volumes, in both relative and absolute numbers. Sex estimation based on mastoid volume showed a slightly higher precision and better accuracy (71% correct classifications) than visual scoring techniques (67%) and linear distance measurements (69%) of the mastoid process. Sex estimation based on cranial size performed even better (78%), and multifactorial analysis (cranium size + mastoid volume) reached up to 81% accuracy. These results show that measurements of the mastoid volume represent a promising metric to be used in multifactorial approaches for sex estimation of human remains.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bikse, Janis, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing automated gap imputation of regional scale groundwater level data sets with typical gap patterns
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694. ; 620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large groundwater level (GWL) data sets are often patchy with hydrographs containing continuous gaps and irregular measurement frequencies. However, most statistical time series analyses require regular observations, thus hydrographs with larger gaps are routinely excluded from further analysis despite the loss of coverage and representativity of an initially large data set. Missing values can be filled in with different imputation methods, yet the challenge is to assess the imputation performance of automated methods. Assessment of such methods tends to be carried out on randomly introduced missing values. However, large GWL data sets are commonly dominated by more complex patterns of missing values with longer contiguous gaps. This study presents a new artificial gap introduction approach (TGP- typical gap patterns) that improves our understanding of automated imputation performance by mimicking typical gap patterns found in regional scale groundwater hydrographs. Imputation performance of machine learning algorithm missForest and imputePCA is then compared with commonly applied linear interpolation to prepare a gapless daily GWL data set for the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). We observed that imputation performance varies among different gap patterns, and performance for all imputation algorithms declined when infilling previously unseen extremes and hydrographs influenced by groundwater abstraction. Further, missForest algorithm substantially outperformed other methods when infilling contiguous gaps (up to 2.5 years), while linear interpolation performs similarly for short random gaps. The TGP approach can be of use to assess the complexity of missing observation patterns in a data set and its value lies in assessing the performance of gap filling methods in a more realistic way. Thus the approach aids the appropriate selection of imputation methods, a task not limited to groundwater level time series alone. The study further provides insights into region-specific data peculiarities that can assist groundwater analysis and modelling.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lundström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The disappearing computer science in healthcare VR applications
- 2019
-
Ingår i: HTTF 2019. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450372039
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One growing area of research in the field of interaction design concerns new applications of filmed VR, or what is sometimes referred to as 360 video. We have studied this new semi-interactive medium in two applied use settings: in clinical psychotherapy sessions for agoraphobia and in elderly care. The systems used in both projects were effective and well received by patients and practitioner and are now taken into continued use at the studied organisations. As researchers in HCI, we were surprised that these small experiments could be so successful in the wild, while only loosely connected to the discourse of VR as we knew it. Based on our design process, and experiences from real use settings, we discuss the future role of the historically strong field of computer science in the domain of applied VR.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mulvey, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
-
How reliable is eye movement data?
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eye data quality varies greatly with the eyetracking system, the individual characteristics of participants, the recording environment, and the operator. The quality of the signal has important repercussions for which eye movement measures are valid, and what conclusions can be drawn from them. Reading research often has high demands in terms of spatial precision and accuracy. Reliably detecting events (e.g., fixations, saccades, pursuit, blinks) depends strongly on intrinsic instrument noise and the correct application of parsing algorithms. We define standard measures of data quality across commercial systems and screen area, as well as system robustness to individual variation, from a large data collection. We show differences in the results from parsing algorithms with varying eye data quality, and infer predictive models of data quality as a function of employed systems, operator, and characteristics of the recorded eye across 12 tower mounted and remote eyetracking systems, and 194 participants. We discuss these results in terms of stimulus constraints in reading research. This work is output of the Eye Data Quality Standardization Committee – a collaboration of manufacturers and researchers towards unbiased measures, and the provision of open-source tools for transparency of eye data quality.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Petersson, Helge, et al.
(författare)
-
Web-based interactive 3D visualization as a tool for improved anatomy learning
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Anatomical sciences education. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1935-9772 .- 1935-9780. ; 2:2, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite a long tradition, conventional anatomy education based on dissection is declining. This study tested a new virtual reality (VR) technique for anatomy learning based on virtual contrast injection. The aim was to assess whether students value this new three-dimensional (3D) visualization method as a learning tool and what value they gain from its use in reaching their anatomical learning objectives. Several 3D vascular VR models were created using an interactive segmentation tool based on the "virtual contrast injection" method. This method allows users, with relative ease, to convert computer tomography or magnetic resonance images into vivid 3D VR movies using the OsiriX software equipped with the CMIV CTA plug-in. Once created using the segmentation tool, the image series were exported in Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) format and integrated within a web framework of the Educational Virtual Anatomy (EVA) program. A total of nine QTVR movies were produced encompassing most of the major arteries of the body. These movies were supplemented with associated information, color keys, and notes. The results indicate that, in general, students' attitudes towards the EVA-program were positive when compared with anatomy textbooks, but results were not the same with dissections. Additionally, knowledge tests suggest a potentially beneficial effect on learning.
|
|
