| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Mårtensson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass from wetlands and other valuable conservation areas as substrate for industrial biotechnology
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biomass from wetlands has historically been an important resource, but today it is difficult to take advantage of this biomass, besides being used as feed on the farm. A very important goal is to find rational and economical viable way to make biogas from wetland biomass, including biomass from other conservation worthy areas of high biodiversity, such as roadsides harvested frequently. Moreover, the residues from biogas process used as bio-fertilizer to the fields, so that nitrogen and phosphorus is returned to the farm land. The biomass can be used for the production of biogas or for extracting valuable chemicals in bio refineries. These valuable chemicals may be potentially useful for making future plastic materials, i.e. bio plastics. Major focus will be on biogas technology, and above all, methods for the pretreatment of recalcitrant substrates such as biomass containing high levels of lignocelluloses, i.e., to make the material available to the biogas-producing bacteria. The work is based on an involvement of research in the areas of environmental engineering and landscape science and includes studies of biodiversity and water treatment function of the landscape. Finally, it is important to stress that mowing of wet meadows mostly will result in a better capacity of such meadows to retain nutrients from water passing through them. Wetland with wet meadows and similar vegetation types will be more efficient in cleaning water and thereby fight eutrophication in the recipient. Summing up, the main advantages using harvest hay (mowing) from wet meadows and roadside meadows as substrate for biotechnical industry are: •Raw material for bio plastics •Cheap and easy handled fertilizers to agriculture •Important for biodiversity •Better function of wetlands as nutrient traps fighting eutrophication of the sea
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| 3. |
- Betsholtz, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking 14C-Labeled Organic Micropollutants to Differentiate between Adsorption and Degradation in GAC and Biofilm Processes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:16, s. 11318-11327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters can be used to reduce emissions of organic micropollutants via municipal wastewater, but it is still uncertain to which extent biological degradation contributes to their removal in GAC filters. 14C-labeled organic micropollutants were therefore used to distinguish degradation from adsorption in a GAC-filter media with associated biofilm. The rates and extents of biological degradation and adsorption were investigated and compared with other biofilm systems, including a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a sand filter, by monitoring 14C activities in the liquid and gas phases. The microbial cleavage of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and mecoprop was confirmed for all biofilms, based on the formation of 14CO2, whereas the degradation of 14C-labeled moieties of sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine was undetected. Higher degradation rates for diclofenac were observed for the GAC-filter media than for the other biofilms. Degradation of previously adsorbed diclofenac onto GAC could be confirmed by the anaerobic adsorption and subsequent aerobic degradation by the GAC-bound biofilm. This study demonstrates the potential use of 14C-labeled micropollutants to study interactions and determine the relative contributions of adsorption and degradation in GAC-based treatment systems.
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| 4. |
- Burzio, Cecilia, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3336 .- 0304-3894. ; 438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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| 5. |
- Burzio, Cecilia, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of pharmaceuticals to foam and aerobic granular sludge with different morphologies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resources, Environment and Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-9161. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In biological wastewater treatment, the sorption process is an important removal pathway of organic micropollutants from the aqueous phase. Beyond the conventional sorption to biomass and particulate matter, organic molecules can also partition to gas bubbles commonly present in aerated biological processes. This study investigated the partitioning behavior of 21 selected pharmaceuticals to two types of aerobic granular sludge, and the foam generated by aeration. Batch sorption experiments were performed with biologically inactive granules of controlled diameters (0.5–1, 1–2, and >2 mm). Removal during sorption tests was observed for four positively charged micropollutants (sertraline, citalopram, clarithromycin, and erythromycin), four neutral compounds (levonorgestrel, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, and ketoconazole), and one negatively charged pharmaceutical (losartan). This highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions and lipophilic affinity with the solids. For some compounds, the removal increased with time, suggesting that sorption in thick biofilm is limited by molecular diffusion into the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, partitioning of pharmaceuticals to aeration-induced foam was confirmed in separate batch tests. Clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, losartan, levonorgestrel, and ethinylestradiol exhibited concentrations in the foam 1.0–5.3 times higher than the initial test values, indicating potential adsorption at the liquid/gas interface for these compounds.
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| 6. |
- Devlin, Yuka, et al.
(författare)
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On site landfill leachate treatment : investigations into economical and environmental sustainable systmes for Northern Ireland
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the potential for the Swedish Laqua system to be used as a sustainable method for on-site landfill leachate management in Northern Ireland, specifically the potential to use locally sourced filter materials from Northern Ireland as part of the filter system. Four carbon containing ashes and four types of peat were tested over a 24 hours period by a shaking test with untreated landfill leachate. Considering the results of this screening test, and the economical and sustainable supply of filter materials, one combination of ash and peat was selected to be column tested. Column testing with artificial leachate containing 7 organic pollutants (3 PAHs and 4 PCBs) and 9 inorganic pollutants showed that locally sourced filter materials effectively removed both organic and inorganic pollutants. A subsequent column test with landfill leachate for 13 weeks demonstrated it was feasible to apply the Laqua system with economical locally sourced filter materials.
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| 7. |
- Gidstedt, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of adsorption of organic micropollutants onto activated carbon following chemically enhanced primary treatment with microsieving, direct membrane filtration and tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 811:152225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of organic micropollutants onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated in laboratory scale based on samples from four wastewater process streams (matrices); three from a pilot-scale plant with different degrees of physicochemical treatment of municipal wastewater and one from a full-scale activated sludge plant with post-precipitation. The pilot-scale treatment consisted of chemically enhanced primary treatment with microsieving followed by direct membrane filtration as microfiltration or ultrafiltration. The results showed highest adsorption of micropollutants in the tertiary (biologically and chemically) treated wastewater and lowest adsorption in the microsieve filtrate. Adsorption of micropollutants in the direct membrane microfiltration (200 nm) permeate was generally similar to that in the direct membrane ultrafiltration (3 nm) permeate. The higher adsorption of micropollutants in the tertiary treated wastewater could be related to a lower concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and lower affinity of DOC for PAC at low dosage (<15 mg PAC/L) in this matrix. At a PAC dose of 10 mg/L, sulfamethoxazole was removed by 33% in the tertiary treated wastewater and 7% in the direct membrane microfiltration permeate. In addition to the PAC experiments, a pilot scale sand filter and a proceeding GAC filter was operated on tertiary treated wastewater from the full-scale treatment plant. Similar removal trends in the PAC and GAC experiments were observed when studying a weighted average micropollutant removal in the GAC filter and a similar dose of activated carbon for both PAC and GAC. Positively charged micropollutants were removed to a higher extent than negatively charged ones by both PAC and GAC.
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| 8. |
- Gidstedt, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Chemically enhanced primary treatment, microsieving, direct membrane filtration and GAC filtration of municipal wastewater : a pilot-scale study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; , s. 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) followed by microsieving and direct membrane filtration (DMF) as ultrafiltration, was evaluated on pilot scale at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. In addition, a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter downstream of DMF was evaluated for the removal of organic micropollutants. Up to 80% of the total organic carbon (TOC) and 96% of the total phosphorus were removed by CEPT with microsieving. The additional contribution of subsequent DMF was minor, and only five days of downstream GAC filtration was possible due to fouling of the membrane. Of the 21 organic micropollutants analysed, all were removed (≥ 98%) by the GAC filter until 440 bed volumes, while CEPT with microsieving and DMF removed only a few compounds. Measurements of the oxygen uptake rate indicated that the required aeration for supplementary biological treatment downstream of CEPT with microsieving, both with and without subsequent DMF, was 20−25% of that in the influent wastewater. This study demonstrated the potential of using compact physicochemical processes to treat municipal wastewater, including the removal of organic micropollutants.
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| 9. |
- Hultberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Fungi-based treatment of real brewery waste streams and its effects on water quality
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-7591 .- 1615-7605. ; 42, s. 1317-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutrient-rich liquid waste streams generated during the beer brewing were treated by submerged fungal growth. Among five filamentous fungal strains tested, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma harzianum were selected for treatment of run-off from spent grain and hot trub, respectively. In both waste streams, nitrogen was well removed by fungal treatment, with a maximum reduction of 91.5 +/- 0.5% of total nitrogen in run-off from spent grain treated with P. ostreatus and 77.0 +/- 3.1% in hot trub treated with T. harzianum. Removal of phosphorus was considerably lower, with maximum removal of total phosphorus of 30.8 +/- 11.1% for the P. ostreatus treatment and 16.6 +/- 7.8% for the T. harzianum treatment. Considering the high concentration of phosphorus in the waste sources (320-600mgL(-1)), additional techniques for its removal are needed. In the P. ostreatus treatment, a total amount of 13.2 +/- 2.2gL(-1) dwt of biomass with a protein concentration of 11.6 +/- 2.1% was produced.
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| 10. |
- Kängsepp, P., et al.
(författare)
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First full-scale combined MBBR, coagulation, flocculation, discfilter plant with phosphorus removal in France
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water Practice and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1751-231X. ; 15:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suspended solids (SS) concentrations in effluent from moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) used for secondary biological treatment can be up to 500 mg/L. Microscreens (Drumfilters or Discfilters) can be used as alternatives to traditional clarification or dissolved air flotation to remove SS and total phosphorus (TP). This study shows how a small-scale municipal WWTP for 5,700 population equivalent (PE) can be upgraded to 12,000 PE by combining MBBR with coagulation-flocculation tanks and a Discfilter with a total footprint of 160 m2. This long-term investigation demonstrated that even though influent turbidity (range 146-431 NTU) and flow (25-125 m3/h) varied considerably, very low effluent turbidities (below 10 NTU) could be achieved continuously. Furthermore, this compact treatment system can provide average reductions of ammonium (NH4-N) from 19 to 0.04 mg/L, COD from 290 to 10 mg/L, and TP from 4.5 to 0.3 mg/L. The results show that effluent requirements can be reached by combining MBBR, coagulation-flocculation and disc filtration at full scale, without a primary clarifier upstream of MBBR.
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