| 1. |
- Zambrano, Jesús, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal steady-state design of zone volumes of bioreactors with Monod growth kinetics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biochemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-703X .- 1873-295X. ; 100, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with steady-state analysis and design of bioreactors consisting of a number of completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in series. The study is confined to one consumed (substrate) and one consuming constituent (biomass). The specific microbial growth rate is assumed to be described by Monod kinetics. The death of biomass is assumed to be negligible. Two optimal design problems for a large number of CSTRs in series are studied: to minimize the effluent substrate concentration for a given total volume, and to minimize the total volume for a given effluent substrate concentration. As an appealing alternative to solve these problems numerically, it is proposed to consider the asymptotic case where the number of CSTRs tends to infinity. This is shown to correspond to one CSTR in series with a plug flow reactor (PFR). A CSTR with a sufficient large volume is needed to avoid wash-out of the biomass. The main result is that both design problems for the CSTR + PFR configuration have the same solution with respect to the optimal volume of the CSTR, which is given as an explicit function of the incoming substrate concentration, the volumetric flow rate and the coefficients of the Monod growth rate function. Numerical results indicate that the plug flow approach may be used as a feasible design procedure even for a reasonably low number of CSTRs in series.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Samuelsson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Fault signatures and bias progression in dissolved oxygen sensors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 78:5, s. 1034-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biofilm fouling is known to impact the data quality of sensors, but little is known about the exact effects. We studied the effects of artificial and real biofilm fouling on dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors in full-scale water resource recovery facilities, and how this can automatically be detected. Biofilm fouling resulted in different drift direction and bias magnitudes for optical (OPT) and electrochemical (MEC) DO sensors. The OPT-sensor was more affected by biofilm fouling compared to the MEC-sensor, especially during summer conditions. A bias of 1 mg/L was detected by analysing the impulse response (IR) of the automatic air cleaning system in the DO sensor. The IR is an effect of a temporal increase in DO concentration during the automatic air cleaning. The IRs received distinct pattern changes that were matched with faults including: biofilm fouling, disturbances in the air supply to the cleaning system, and damaged sensor membrane, which can be used for fault diagnosis. The results highlight the importance of a condition-based sensor maintenance schedule in contrast to fixed cleaning intervals. Further, the results stress the importance of understanding and detecting bias due to biofilm fouling, in order to maintain a robust and resource-efficient process control.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of activated sludge processes consisting of a plug-flow reactor and a non-ideal settler
- 2015
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Ingår i: 9th IWA Symposium on Systems Analysis and Integrated Assessment (Watermatex).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An activated sludge process (ASP) consisting of a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and a non-ideal settler is modelled and analysed. One soluble substrate component and one particulate biomass are assumed. The biomass growth rate is described by a Monod function. The settler model includes hindered settling and compression. A model describing the steady-state behaviour of the ASP is derived which constrains the settler to work with a fixed sludge blanket height in the thickening zone. The model provides new understanding for these types of ASPs and may be used for novel design schemes. The numerical example suggests that the steady-state solutions of the ASP give a one-parameter family ofsolutions, where the parameter is the recycle ratio 푟.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of simple bioreactor models : A comparison between Monod and Contois kinetics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proc. IWA Conference on Activated Sludge – 100 Years and Counting. - : IWA Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, an analysis of simple bioreactors in series is presented. The bioreactors are analysed for growth kinetics of the biomass described by a Monod and a Contois function. In particular, it is studied how the effluent substrate concentration is depending on the influent substrate concentration during steady state. It is shown that by going from one to two bioreactors in series completely changes the process behaviour when the growth kinetics is described by a Monod function. It is also shown that a bioreactor described by Contois kinetics has a completely different behaviour compared with the Monod case.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Fault detection and isolation of sensors in aeration control systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 73:3, s. 648-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the problem of fault detection (FD) and isolation in the aeration system of an activated sludge process. For this study, the dissolved oxygen in each aerated zone is assumed to be controlled automatically. As the basis for an FD method we use the ratio of air flow rates into different zones. The method is evaluated in two scenarios: using the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 (BSM1) by Monte Carlo simulations and using data from a wastewater treatment plant. The FD method shows good results for a correct and early FD and isolation.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chistiakova, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Binary classifiers applied to detect DO sensor faults during washing events
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proc. 2nd IWA Conference on New Developments in IT & Water. - : IWA Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, several classication techniques are applied for monitoring the status of DO sensors in wastewater treatment plants. In particular, DO sensors during washing events are studied and indication parameters from these events are used. The methods considered are the following: k-Nearest Neighbours, Radial Basis Function and Random Forest classiers. The result shows the comparison and the eligibility of the methods to detect a clogged DO-sensor.
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| 10. |
- Chistiakova, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear system identification of the dissolved oxygen to effluent ammonia dynamics in an activated sludge process
- 2017
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2405-8963. ; 50:1, s. 3917-3922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aeration of biological reactors in wastewater treatment plants is important to obtain a high removal of soluble organic matter as well as for nitrification but requires a significant use of energy. It is hence of importance to control the aeration rate, for example, by ammonium feedback control. The goal of this paper is to model the dynamics from the set point of an existing dissolved oxygen controller to effluent ammonia using two types of system identification methods for a Hammerstein model, including a newly developed recursive variant. The models are estimated and evaluated using noise corrupted data from a complex mechanistic model (Activated Sludge Model no.1). The performance of the estimated nonlinear models are compared with an estimated linear model and it is shown that the nonlinear models give a significantly better fit to the data. The resulting models may be used for adaptive control (using the recursive Hammerstein variant), gain-scheduling control, L2 stability analysis, and model based fault detection.
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