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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER) hsv:(Naturresursteknik) hsv:(Annan naturresursteknik) ;pers:(Lidelöw Sofia)"

Sökning: hsv:(TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER) hsv:(Naturresursteknik) hsv:(Annan naturresursteknik) > Lidelöw Sofia

  • Resultat 1-10 av 22
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1.
  • De Windt, Laurent, et al. (författare)
  • MSWI bottom ash used as basement at two pilot-scale roads : comparison of leachate chemistry and reactive transport modeling
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 31:2, s. 267-280
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recycling of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as aggregates for road basement requires assessing the long-term evolution of leachate chemistry. The Dåva (Sweden) and Hérouville (France) pilot-scale roads were monitored during 6 and 10 years, respectively. Calculated saturation indices were combined to batch test modeling to set a simplified geochemical model of the bottom ash materials. A common reactive transport model was then applied to both sites. At Hérouville, pH and the concentration of most elements quickly drop during the first two years to reach a set of minimum values over 10 years. The decrease is less pronounced at Dåva. The evolutions of pH and major element concentrations are fairly well related to the following pH-buffering sequence: portlandite, C-S-H phases or pseudo-wollastonite and, finally, calcite in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. Al(OH)3, barite, ettringite and monohydrocalcite may also control leachate chemistry. Cu release is correctly modeled by DOM complexation and tenorite equilibrium. Temperature has no significant effect on the modeling of leachate chemistry in the range 5-30 °C, except at high pH. Effects at road edges and roadside slopes are important for the release of the less reactive elements and, possibly, for carbonation processes.
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2.
  • De Windt, L., et al. (författare)
  • Reactive transport modeling of leachate evolution of MSWI bottom ash used as road basement : Hérouville (France) and Dåva (Sweden) sites
  • 2009
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The recycling of municipal solid waste of incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as aggregates for road basement requires a better characterization of the evolution of leachate chemistry over a timescale of many decades. In this paper, a common reactive transport model is applied to the Hérouville (France) and Dåva (Sweden) pilot roads whose leachate emissions have been sampled during 10 and 6 years, respectively. The model considers simultaneously the hydrodynamic processes (rain water infiltration, advective and diffusive transport), pH-buffering and solubility-controlled processes by secondary minerals, ageing by atmospheric carbonation, and the leachate chemistry (major elements and trace metals such as Al, Cu, Pb). The evolution of pH is fairly well simulated with the following pH-buffering sequence: portlandite, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), ettringite and, finally, calcite. The quantity of CO2 dissolved in the percolating rain water is generally not sufficient to explain the pH evolution and carbonation processes, requiring atmospheric gaseous inputs. The relation between pH evolution and element release is discussed for both sites. Calculated Pb release is overestimated when based on solubility-controlled mechanisms only. Edge effects are shown to be important at both sites with an emphasis of carbonation and release of non reactive elements. Temperature has no significant effect on the calculated leachate chemistry in the range of 5 - 30° C, except at high pH.
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4.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Barriers for the use of secondary construction materials
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Sardinia 2003.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of secondary materials in geotechnical applications is regarded as favourable but is often hindered by uncertainty about the potential environmental impact of the utilisation. In this paper, the main hurdles restricting the use of waste derived construction materials in Sweden are analysed, and means to overcome these are discussed. Standard test procedures and limit values for the assessment of environmental compliance of waste materials have not yet been established in the legislation. This has lead to confusion both for prospective users and for authorities. Also, a risk assessment system developed for the use of the secondary materials is lacking. Formalising the way data on e.g. material properties is collected and structured facilitates the judgement if and how a waste derived material can be used in a specific project. A web based information system could be used to gather, store and communicate information regarding secondary materials used for construction purposes. The proposed information system may form a basis for a simplified evaluation of risks related to the use.
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5.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of construction with recycled materials
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The use of industrial residues as raw materials in construction raises concerns over the potential leaching and dispersal of hazardous constituents from them into the environment. Their leaching behaviour has been studied in laboratory assays, but leaching processes in the field over larger spatial and temporal scales are more complex due to variations in the conditions the materials are exposed to, and less well understood. Hence, estimates of the potential environmental loads associated with the use of such materials based on laboratory tests may be inaccurate. This thesis addresses the environmental implications of using recycled materials in road and landfill cover constructions. The focus is primarily on the leaching of inorganic constituents from six types of materials: incineration ashes, copper smelter slag, blast-furnace slag, recycled concrete, natural rock and contaminated soil. The leaching behaviour of constituents from these materials were assessed in both laboratory batch leaching tests and monitoring programs in which the water percolating through them in field applications were sampled over one to ten years. Leaching data were evaluated using statistical and geochemical modelling. In addition, assessment methods and criteria to judge the environmental suitability of substituting natural materials for recycled materials in construction were reviewed. It was found that leachates from recycled materials in the constructions contain higher concentrations of several constituents than natural water and leachates from conventional materials. However, the rates and extent of constituent leaching were affected by the application methods in various ways that are explored and discussed. The results of simplified leaching tests did not always reflect the leaching behaviour in the field, which highlight the importance of developing assessment methods that allow case-specific factors to be taken into account. The environmental impacts of leaching must also be considered in relation to the expected impacts of the default alternative, i.e. landfilling of industrial residues and exploitation of natural resources. Combinations of case-specific assessments and system analyses would be the ideal approaches to evaluate impacts at both local and regional scales.
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6.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of secondary construction materials
  • 2004
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Process industry, construction and other comparable activities produce large quantities of waste with potential use in geotechnical applications. Prior to utilisation, an acceptably low risk of contamination to humans and the environment must be demonstrated. This work focuses on the identification and evaluation of critical factors for environmental assessments of secondary construction materials. The market potential and the main barriers for usage of industrial wastes were analysed and showed a good potential especially in urban areas. The main obstacle is the long and complicated permit process involved. Further, the lack of a general procedure to investigate the suitability of intended usage leads to inconsistent assessments. An evaluation of leachate emissions from a large-scale test road demonstrated the importance of construction design and site-specific field conditions on the potential environmental impacts. It was also shown that pollutant concentrations in leachate from secondary construction materials tend to become comparable, or for some pollutants, even lower than from rock materials. Different assessment methods and criteria to judge the acceptability of an intended use were reviewed and various methods were identified. However, a generic method to evaluate materials under various environmental conditions is lacking.
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7.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of secondary construction materials: literature review
  • 2004
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Process industry, construction and other comparable activities generate large quantities of wastes, which are potentially suitable for use in geotechnical applications. This review presents the current status of reuse and recycling of secondary construction materials in Sweden. Also, different assessment methods to judge the environmental suitability of different utilisations are overviewed. Several driving forces for reuse and recycling of wastes have been introduced recently. For example, the alternative costs, e.g. for landfilling, have increased due to raised taxes on waste deposited on landfills. However, the amounts of wastes made use of as construction materials are lower than the potential. Uncertainties about potential risks and demanding permit processes are often hindering recycling. Approval practices also vary in different regions, causing confusion for users as well as authorities. Wastes of high utilisation rates are commonly produced in urban areas where the demand for construction materials is high and are released from the permit obligation based on earlier experience. Current environmental assessment practice is unfavourable to the use of secondary materials. The surrounding environment is often not considered which may lead to environmental damage of sensitive recipients. The methods applied vary and the results are rarely related to corresponding investigations of conventional materials, although shown to have a high leachability of certain pollutants. The lack of a general procedure to assess the suitability of an intended use leads to inconsistent assessments. Laboratory leaching tests can be used to assess fundamental leaching properties of materials, but do not necessarily reflect the actual field conditions. Risk assessments can provide a link between the leaching behaviour of a material and the recipient/-s of concern, but requires large amounts of data. Life-cycle assessments can be used for comparative studies of different materials, but are often irrelevant for specific utilisation scenarios. Further work is needed on how to improve the quality and the consistency in environmental assessments. The effect of different factors on the release and transport of contaminants from different materials in different utilisation scenarios need to be evaluated. Also, simplified assessment methods are lacking to account for characteristics in the surrounding environment and to address resource management at the strategic level.
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8.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of leachate emissions from crushed rock and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash used in road construction
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 27:10, s. 1356-1365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Three years of leachate emissions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and crushed rock in a full-scale test road were evaluated. The impact of time, construction design, and climate on the emissions was studied, and the predicted release from standard leaching tests was compared with the measured release from the road. The main pollutants and their respective concentrations in leachate from the roadside slope were Al (12.8-85.3 mg l-1), Cr (2-125 μg l-1), and Cu (0.15-1.9 mg l-1) in ash leachate and Zn (1-780 μg l-1) in crushed rock leachate. From the ash, the initial Cl- release was high (≈20 g l-1). After three years, the amount of Cu and Cl- was in the same range in both leachates, while that of Al and Cr still was more than one order of magnitude higher in ash leachate. Generally, the release was faster from material in the uncovered slopes than below the pavement. Whether the road was asphalted or not, however, had minor impacts on the leachate quality. During rain events, diluted leachates with respect to, e.g., salts were observed. The leaching tests failed to simulate field leaching from the crushed rock, whereas better agreement was observed for the ash. Comparisons of constituent release from bottom ash and conventional materials solely based on such tests should be avoided.
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9.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of leachate emissions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and crushed rock used in road construction
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: BCRA Workshop : Recycled materials in road and airfield pavements - overcoming barriers.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash in road construction may possess a risk to the environment due to the release of e.g. salt and heavy metals. In this study, two years of leachate data from a test road built of MSWI bottom ash and crushed rock in northern Sweden were evaluated. It was found that Cu, Cr, Al, Na, and Cl- were leached in higher amounts from the bottom ash, while the release of Zn, Mg, Ba, and Ca was higher from the crushed rock. The difference between ash and crushed rock leachates decreased over time, mainly due to changes in the ash leachate composition. The road pavement reduced the release rate of most pollutants from the bottom ash compared to the release from the uncovered parts of the road, whereas the release of pollutants from the crushed rock was less affected by the presence of a pavement.
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10.
  • Lidelöw, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of leaching from four recycled materials used in full-scale road constructions
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation. - Patras : University of Patras. - 9789605301019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The medium-term (5-10 years) elemental leaching from five different materials used in full-scale road applications was evaluated. Two materials, fayalite slag and blast-furnace slag, leached high concentrations of trace metals such as Cu and Zn throughout the study period. At several occasions, the blast-furnace slag generated leachates with acidic pH-values (<4). Leachate from crushed concrete and MSWI bottom ash contained elevated concentrations of e.g. Cr and Cu during the first 2-3 years. Enrichment of trace elements occurred in sediments of roadside drainage ditches, but the respective contribution from leachate and road surface runoff is unclear. Migration of the elements through subsoil and plants in the ditches was limited, but clear anthropogenic signals were observed for e.g. Cu and Zn at the BA section. Further studies are recommended to verify if laboratory tests used for impact assessments are able to predict the observed field leaching and how the road environment is affected by leaching from the road materials in the longer term.
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