| 1. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in chimney emissions from traditional and modern residential wood burning
- 2001
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology. ; 22, s. 391-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emissions from a traditional tiled stove consisted mainly of lignin-related methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, and 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose degradation. A wood stove of presently introduced energy-efficient design for residential heating and hot-water supply was shown to emit small amounts of methoxyphenols and anhydrosugars from primary wood pyrolysis. Secondary harmful components like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted a major portion of the organic emissions. It is concluded that differences in smoke composition are essential to consider in recommendations and rules for proper choices of wood burning devices.
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| 2. |
- Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of commuters to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons from petrol exhaust
- 1991
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Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 108, s. 225-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-two volatile aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in the air of an automobile during commuting. Sampling was made on Tenax cartridges and laboratory determinations were carried out using thermal desorption combined with temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Selected hydrocarbons representative of petrol exhaust were determined in the automobile and in an electric commuter train during eight parallel commuter trips. In the automobile, the concentrations of benzene were 35-70 micrograms/m3 and those of total aromatic hydrocarbons 200-400 micrograms/m3. The petrol exhaust levels were 5-10 times higher in the automobile than in the compartment of the commuter train.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Benzene emitted from glowing charcoal
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Science of The Total Environment. ; 303:3, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benzene was assessed as the predominant aromatic compound emitted from glowing charcoal and firewood embers. Concentrations measured above charcoal used for grilling exceeded 10 mg m?3 at a 5% carbon dioxide level. Charcoal with a high carbon content released less benzene. Glowing wood pellets emitted less benzene than glowing firewood remainders. The emissions of ethene and propene relative to benzene were low for commercial charcoal and wood-pellet embers, but high for firewood ember. The proportions of methylbenzene and naphthalene from charcoal were typically only 10% relative to benzene, and those of benzofuran, dibenzofuran and benzonitrile were typically below 5%. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) indicator phenanthrene was below the 1% level. Adsorbent sampling and GC-MS were used for assessing all the aromatic compounds. Earlier studies of charcoal emissions have focused on carbon monoxide, PAH and dioxins. It is concluded that the carcinogenic benzene may be an even more severe health hazard to be addressed by exposure-decreasing measures.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative pyrolysis of integral softwood pellets
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 67:1, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial wood pellets are increasingly used for residential heating. Characterisations were made of smoke components from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets from compressed sawdust and wood shavings. Specific compounds released by flaming and glowing laboratory burning were sampled on Tenax cartridges and assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six lignin-related 2-methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, together with 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose, were the major primary semi-volatile compounds released during flaming burning. Glowing combustion released benzene as the predominant aromatic compound.
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Specific chimney emissions and biofuel characteristics of softwood pellets for residential heating in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. ; 24:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Softwood pellets are mainly produced from sawdust and to some extent from wood shavings. The moisture content is typically less than half of that in firewood. The present annual residential use in Sweden for pellet burners in boilers and for pellet stoves amounts to more than 100 000 tonnes and is increasing rapidly. The total annual production capacity at the more than 20 units exceeds one million tonnes, and permits continued rapid replacement of firewood and petroleum oil for residential heating.With the purpose of characterising emissions to air, chimney smoke was sampled, and specific compounds were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Benzene was the predominant aromatic compound in emissions from pellet burners. The smoke from stoves contained methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties and lower proportions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Observed differences in emissions from specific burning appliances are of interest with regard to both health hazards and regulation of emissions.Consideration of ecological aspects and pollution hazards indicates that wood pellets should be used primarily for residential heating, whereas controlled large-scale combustion is preferable for most other types of biomass waste.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Specific volatile hydrocarbons in smoke from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 71:2, s. 847-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of smoke from laboratory burning of commercial sawdust-based softwood pellets were analysed by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Flaming burning was very efficient. Significant emitted hydrocarbons were methane, quantitatively followed by ethene and lower proportions of ethane, ethyne and propene. The even lower hydrocarbon emissions from final glowing combustion were strikingly different with ethyne and benzene as the only prominent non-methane hydrocarbons. Smouldering combustion caused much higher hydrocarbon concentrations. Prominent non-methane compounds were furan and ethene from initial smouldering, and ethane, ethene and benzene from after-flame smouldering. The large differences in the proportions of specific hydrocarbons should be considered in evaluations of emissions from residential burning of pellets, with respect to combustion technology and impact on environment and health.
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| 7. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941
(författare)
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Ambient hydrocarbons from motor-car assembly plants in Scandinavia
- 1982
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution (Series B). ; 4, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 50 air-polluting hydrocarbons were determined in emissions from the Volvo and Saab motor-car plants. The sampling technique used was based on the Tenax GC adsorbent. Thermal desorption and glass capillary gas chromatography was used for the analysis. At a downwind distance of about 1 km, concentrations about 100 times higher than regional levels were recorded. The emissions constitute potential ecological and health hazards and a reduction of quantities and complexity is urgent.
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| 8. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Hazardous petrol hydrocarbons from refuelling with and without vapour recovery
- 1990
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Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 91, s. 49-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrocarbons in air were determined at pioneering European service stations equipped with vapour recovery systems. Vapour recovery was found capable of eliminating 99% of exposure during refuelling and greater than 95% of emissions to air. Vapour recovery is now being rapidly introduced at Swedish service stations as a result of demands concerning environmental and health hazards. The analytical technique used permitted samples corresponding to a single refuelling procedure to be analyzed. Sampling on an adsorbent tube was followed in the laboratory by thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography. All prominent hydrocarbons were well separated on a methylsilicone phase. These include benzene and the alkenes of special interest with respect to health hazards. The particular importance of alkenes with respect to the formation of ozone and other photooxidants is discussed. The four isomeric butenes and the six isomeric pentenes were determined and found to constitute approximately 10% by weight of the petrol vapour. The highly reactive 2-alkenes were more abundant than the 1-alkenes.
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| 9. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941
(författare)
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Miljöbilar utan cancerogena och allergena avgaser
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tidningen Cancer- och Allergifonden informerar, 2007. ; , s. 11-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- År 2007 blev det stora genombrottet för miljöbilar i Sverige medialt och politiskt liksom med avseende på nybilsförsäljning. Klimatfrågan och koldioxidutsläppen dominerade starkt miljödebatten. Detta medförde tyvärr att bland annat cancer- och allergirisker kom i skymundan på ett orimligt sätt. När helheten vägs in framträder viktiga skillnader mellan olika typer av miljöbilar.
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| 10. |
- Östermark, Ulf, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of hydrocarbons in vapours of conventional and alkylate-based petrol
- 1992
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 25, s. 763-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vapours of recently introduced alkylate-based petrol for power saws, lawn mowers and other petrol-fuelled machines were compared with vapours of conventional petrol varieties. The composition of C4-C8 hydrocarbons was determined by adsorption sampling and gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Results are given for 22 specific arenes, alkenes and alkanes. Major advantages of the reformulated petrol with respect to health and environment are the virtual absence of benzene and alkenes in the vapours. The proportions of methylbenzene, hexane and cycloalkanes are also very low.
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