| 1. |
- Amin, Khabat, et al.
(författare)
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Fall- and collision-related injuries among pedestrians in road traffic environment : A Swedish national register-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 81, s. 153-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the burden of pedestrian injuries, including pedestrian fall injuries (PFI), compared to other transport-related injuries in Sweden and document their characteristics in terms of demographics, causes, type of injuries, and severity level with a focus on long-term consequences. Methods: Data were retrieved from the national Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition register. A total of 361,531 fatalities and injuries were reported by emergency hospitals during 2010–2019, of which 127,804 were pedestrians (35%). We assessed the magnitude of PFIs and conducted comparative analyses to assess differences compared to other types of road users regarding sex, age, severity level, injury circumstances, hospital care, causes of accidents, and type of injuries. Results: Pedestrians were the second largest group of traffic-related deaths in Sweden after car occupants and accounted for just over a quarter of all fatal accidents in the road traffic environment. Of the total number of pedestrian fatalities, three out of four have been in collision accidents and the others in fall-related accidents. In terms of injuries, pedestrians were the largest group among all road users, regardless of the type of accident. PFIs accounted for a third of all injuries in the road traffic environment and nearly half of all injuries resulting in permanent medical impairment (i.e., 2.2 times more long-term consequences among PFIs compared to injured car occupants). Females (particularly middle-aged and older) and older adults were overrepresented, and most PFIs occurred on urban and municipal roads. The causes were often related to maintenance (e.g., slippery surfaces such as ice, snow, leaves or gravel together with uneven pavements and roads are the cause three out of four of PFIs). Among collision injuries, the representation was almost equal for sex and age. Conclusions: Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians are a considerable issue in the road traffic environment in Sweden. Contrary to other traffic groups, the incidence has not decreased over time, meaning that this issue must be met with specific measures and address the specific risk factors they are associated with. Practical Application: Including fall accidents in the definition of traffic accidents increases the chances of getting better information about the accidents and taking preventive measures.
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| 2. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
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A variational approach to atmospheric visibility estimation in the weather of fog and haze
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier. - 2210-6707. ; 39, s. 215-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time atmospheric visibility estimation in foggy and hazy weather plays a crucial role in ensuring traffic safety. Overcoming the inherent drawbacks with traditional optical estimation methods, like limited sampling volume and high cost, vision-based approaches have received much more attention in recent research on atmospheric visibility estimation. Based on the classical Koschmieder's formula, atmospheric visibility estimation is carried out by extracting an inherent extinction coefficient. In this paper we present a variational framework to handle the nature of time-varying extinction coefficient and develop a novel algorithm of extracting the extinction coefficient through a piecewise functional fitting of observed luminance curves. The developed algorithm is validated and evaluated with a big database of road traffic video from Tongqi expressway (in China). The test results are very encouraging and show that the proposed algorithm could achieve an estimation error rate of 10%. More significantly, it is the first time that the effectiveness of Koschmieder's formula in atmospheric visibility estimation was validated with a big dataset, which contains more than two million luminance curves extracted from real-world traffic video surveillance data.
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| 3. |
- Davoli, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Materializing infrastructures for participatory hacking
- 2014
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Ingår i: DIS '14 Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systemsPages. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450329026 ; , s. 121-130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a design exploration of opportunities for opening up industrial infrastructures in order to make them supportive of more sustainable and locally adaptive configurations. Taking logistic services in a rural area as a case study, we describe a set of interventions in tracing and expressing their underlying functionalities to make them available as design material. The insights gained inspired the speculative design of a concept for a distributed and community-owned delivery network performed by drones. The case illustrates the potential that can be made available when opening up infrastructures for participative design interventions.
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| 4. |
- Davoli, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Trojans & Drones : Materializing possibilities for transforming industrial infrastructures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial Research Through Design Conference. - Cambridge, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging post-industrial societal needs require the evolution of existing networks of industrial infrastructures toward more distributed and citizen-centered configurations. This opens up new questions regarding what design processes and practices are necessary to effect change within these systems that are often deliberately not accessible and open for design interventions. We here present a set of design explorations in tracing and materializing infrastructures in order to make them available for design and participation, taking logistic services in a remote ruralarea of northern Sweden as a case study and field site. A design concept consisting of a drone and drone postbox were used to speculate about the possibility of a community-owned delivery network operated by dronesin synergy with existing infrastructures. We used these artifacts in staging participatory processes of imagination and experimentation in order to explore possible future configurations. The project provides an example of a possible framework for initiating and curating the transformationof industrial systems towards more open and locally adaptive forms and functions.In particular, it illustrates the rich potential and opportunities for design when it comes to ways of knowing and designing with the infra- structural—that which is usually hidden beneath the surface.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1975-
(författare)
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To the mutual benefit of the member states. Nordic transnational road cooperation, 1956–1966
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport History. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-5266 .- 1759-3999. ; 43:3, s. 440-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the Nordic Council as a cooperation organ for building transnational roads outside of the E-road network during the period 1956–1966. The Nordic experience of planning and interconnecting transnational roads is related to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the development of the E-road network. It is noted that whereas the E-road network built on an ambition within the ECE to create mutual understanding and fraternity between the European nations, the Nordic Council viewed roads as instruments to deal with shared economic and social problems. Another difference is that while the member states of the ECE interacted with societal groups and expert organisations during the interconnection of the E-road network, such actors did not participate directly with the Nordic Council. The inter-Nordic stream of technical expertise was primarily channelled through the national road administrations which cooperated to interconnect the trans-Nordic network.
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Passengers' Perceptions of Railway Safety
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Transportation. - : SCIENCE & ENGINEERING RESEARCH SUPPORT SOC. - 2287-7940. ; 5:2, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to identify the passengers' perceptions of railway safety, with emphasis on the internal safety and potential safety improvements. Train passengers (n=243) in Sweden were surveyed and data were analyzed with descriptive and bi-variate statistics. Results showed that only 40% judged the internal train safety as safe. Closed luggage racks and more space for luggage were the most acceptable changes. Both regarding internal safety and acceptable safety changes there were significant differences between high-and low-frequency travelers, with more seasoned travelers less worried about safety and less excepting of additional safety features and costs. The conclusion was that high-frequency and low-frequency travelers differ in their perceptions of safety and that acceptability of safety features followed the perceived effects on comfort.
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| 7. |
- Khodadad, Davood, 1985-
(författare)
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Advancing road safety assessment with digital holography : a study on skid resistance of asphalt pavements
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE - The International Society for Optics and Photonics. - 9781510666993
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancing road safety through improved skid resistance is a critical endeavor in preventing accidents and promoting secure driving conditions. This study delves into the investigation of skid resistance in asphalt pavements using digital holography, focusing on macro and microtexture attributes. By employing off-axis digital holography, the paper presents a novel method to accurately measure surface profiles and assess friction properties. The experimental setup leverages single-shot dual-wavelength holography, providing precise 3D topographic information. The study demonstrates how the obtained phase information aids in deriving surface profiles and subsequently determining friction coefficients. The approach overcomes limitations of conventional methods, offering micron-level accuracy for surface roughness measurements. Through experimental results, the versatility of adjusting measurement accuracy and range based on requirements is showcased. The paper concludes by highlighting the interplay between surface features and friction characteristics, paving the way for improved road safety assessment.
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| 8. |
- Lee, Sang Hoon, et al.
(författare)
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Geometric properties of graph layouts optimized for greedy navigation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 86:6, s. 067103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The graph layouts used for complex network studies have been mainly developed to improve visualization. If we interpret the layouts in metric spaces such as Euclidean ones, however, the embedded spatial information can be a valuable cue for various purposes. In this work, we focus on encoding useful navigational information to geometric coordinates of vertices of spatial graphs, which is a reverse problem of harnessing geometric information for better navigation. In other words, the coordinates of the vertices are a map of the topology, not the other way around. We use a recently developed user-centric navigation protocol to explore spatial layouts of complex networks that are optimal for navigation. These layouts are generated with a simple simulated annealing optimization technique. We compare these layouts to others targeted at better visualization and discuss the spatial statistical properties of the optimized layouts for better navigability and its implication.
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| 9. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and application of polyurea formaldehyde-bioasphalt microcapsules as a secondary modifier for the preparation of high self-healing rate SBS modified asphalt
- 2020
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, microcapsules were prepared from polyurea formaldehyde (as microcapsules wall) and bio-asphalt (as microcapsules core) and were in turn applied to prepare microcapsule-styrene-butadiene styrene (microcapsule/SBS) modified asphalt. When the asphalt wall was broken, the bio-asphalt (core) drifted out and was well blended with the SBS modified asphalt to repair the damaged gap, thereby improving the self-healing ability of the pristine SBS modified asphalt. Ductility test showed that the healing rate of microcapsule/SBS modified asphalt was much greater than that of pure SBS modified asphalt. Dynamic shear rheometer and multi-stress creep recovery tests revealed that microcapsule/SBS modified asphalt exhibited better viscoelasticity, high temperature stability (by thermogravimetric analysis) and rutting resistance than pure SBS modified asphalt attributed to the even dispersion of microcapsules in SBS as confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Compared with the pure SBS modified asphalt, the storage modulus and loss modulus of 0.4% microcapsule/SBS modified asphalt increased by 24.8% and 17.7% at 46 degrees C, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed spherical morphology of the microcapsules with wrinkled depressions on the surface, while the wall of microcapsule coated the core. This study can be envisioned of great promise for the preparation of alternative types of modified asphalt for practical applications in construction and highway industries.
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| 10. |
- Meng, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Virgin Asphalt Brands via the Integrated Application of FTIR and Gel Permeation Chromatography
- 2020
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Ingår i: Arabian journal for science and engineering. - : Springer. - 2193-567X .- 2191-4281. ; 45, s. 7999-8009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Counterfeit asphalts have often been deliberately adulterated to reduce costs, which has seriously impeded the development of road and highway construction. In this study, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were applied in combination to explore a fast, accurate, low-cost and efficient method to better identify the brand and quality of asphalt. Results revealed that ATR-FTIR spectra of seven brands of asphalt were basically identical, while they differ in benzene ring substituent content and (-CH2-)n (n >= 4) content. The fingerprint intervals of virgin asphalt were 1770-1636 cm-1, 1060-985 cm-1 and 920-690 cm-1. The aging degree of the same brand of asphalt was identified by 1770-1636 cm-1 and 1060-985 cm-1, while 920-690 cm-1 range was used to identify the fingerprint interval of the original asphalt brand. GPC analysis revealed that the large molecular size (LMS) content of original Fu Lian and Shuang Long asphalt brands greatly differed which were not identified by FTIR. Owing to the thermal oxidation, the LMS content of the same brand of virgin asphalt increased by 4-6% after short-term aging. The present study based on the integrated operation of GPC-FTIR for the fast and accurate recognition and distinguishing between different brands of asphalts could be of potential practical applications.
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