| 1. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Actors’ expectations and requests regarding ISA implementation.
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stake holders seem to be pending on each others reaction towards ISA-systems (Intelligent Speed Adaptation). A situation can occur in which the car owners do not invest in the system because the car industry do not believe in it, the car industry waits upon the politicians’ standpoint, and the politicians leer at the public opinion… Decision makers need a good picture of what decisions are needed in order to make the car industry produce the system; to make companies with fleet of vehicles invest in the system; to make purchaser of transport services demand the system; to make the insurance companies reward drivers with the system etc. The manufacturers need straight answers of the standpoint of the decision makers and how big the demand among companies with fleets of vehicles is. Private car drivers and companies with fleets of vehicles need to know what support they can expect from the government or from the insurance companies. The study is based on explorative studies were the different stake holders’ attitudes, interests, needs, expectations are explored and the differences between the stake holders are analysed. The stake holders are categorized into four different groups: – Stake holders keen to improve traffic safety (politicians and insurance companies) – Manufacturer (car industry) – Catalysts (opinion makers) – Users (privet car drivers, companies with fleet of vehicles, car rental companies etc.) The aim of this paper is to describe the hypotheses and methods of the study.
|
|
| 2. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Arterial roads do not have to be big, ugly and difficult for non-motorists
- 2003
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to describe the evaluation and effects of a major reconstruction of an arterial street in Eskilstuna, a medium sized Swedish town. The aim of the reconstruction was to minimize the barrier effects of the arterial street and by that create a stronger connection between the town center, on one side of the street, and the town-river, on the other; but also to create generally better conditions for primarily unprotected road users in that area of the city. This paper studies how traffic safety, subjective safety, pass ability, accessibility, attraction, aesthetics and air pollution are influenced by this reconstruction. Both objective and subjective measurements have been used. The reconstruction gave positive effects on most of the aspects studied and although the primary aim of the project was not to improve traffic safety the results were very positive in this respect as well. The most negative outcome was an increase in car emissions due to more accelerations and decelerations. In total the positive effects are overriding the negative ones by far and the study shows that by making some sacrifice in the mobility and comfort for motor vehicle occupants the attraction and esthetics of the area has increased as well as the traffic safety. An attempt has also been made to value the changes regarding different aspects for different types of road users. This clearly shows the stronger benefits for unprotected road users compared with the motorists.
|
|
| 3. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Auditory and haptic systems for in-car speed management – A comparative real life study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 11:6, s. 445-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field experiments with ISA (intelligent speed adaptation) were carried out in Hungary and Spain in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Twenty private vehicles in each country were equipped with two kinds of systems: (1) support via an active accelerator pedal (AAP) and (2) warning via beep signals and a flashing red light when the speed limit was exceeded (BEEP). The test drivers drove for a month with both systems installed in each car. Speed was continually logged in all the vehicles and the test drivers were interviewed about their acceptance and experiences of the systems. The results show that both systems reduced the mean and 85 percentile speeds, but that the AAP was more effective. There was no long-lasting effect on speeds when the systems were removed. After the trial half of the drivers were willing to keep an ISA system, but more drivers wanted to keep the BEEP-system even though it showed lower satisfaction ratings than the AAP. The results indicate no major differences between the countries despite the workload being perceived to be higher in Hungary than in Spain.
|
|
| 4. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing HMI components for a driver assistance system for safe speed and safe distance
- 2008
-
Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 2:1, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a pre-screening procedure that was carried out with a number of candidate Human-Machine-Interaction solutions in three different modes (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concepts of “safe speed and safe distance” (referred to as SASPENCE) of an Advanced Driver Assistance System (termed as ADAS). This procedure was performed simultaneously in two European countries, Sweden and Spain, in 2004. In each country two groups of about 30 drivers each participated in the two-phase procedure. Eleven visual display alternatives for speed information and ten alternatives for distance warning as well as twelve auditory warning sounds were screened by a standard procedure. In addition, two alternatives of haptic feedback via the accelerator pedal were tested in a mock-up driving seat. The overall results provide recommendations for visual, auditory and haptic feedback alternatives to build a driver support system for safe speed and safe distance.
|
|
| 5. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of HMI components for a driver assistance system for safe speed and safe distance
- 2006
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pre-screening procedure with a number of candidate Human-Machine-Interaction solutions (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concept of Safe Speed and Safe Distance was carried out. Two groups of about 30 test persons participated in the two-phase test procedure. Eleven candidate visual displays for speed information and ten alternatives for distance warning as well as twelve auditory warning sounds were screened by a standard procedure. Two alternatives of haptic feed-back via the accelerator pedal were tested in a mock-up driving seat. The activity resulted in recommendations for visual, auditory and haptic feedback alternatives to build the “warning package”.
|
|
| 6. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Driver comprehension and acceptance of the active accelerator pedal after long-term use
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 11:1, s. 37-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver comprehension and acceptance of the active accelerator pedal (AAP) after long-term use were evaluated in a large-scale Swedish trial held in 2000-2002. The system was installed in the cars of 281 test drivers who then used it for between six months and a year. The participants' responses, elicited by questionnaires in the end of the trial, showed a positive rating of the concept of the AAP, while the willingness to pay for it was lower than for other driver-assistance systems studied elsewhere. The typically skeptical driver was a young, male, company car driver with initially negative attitude and a faulty AAP. The typically enthusiastic driver was an older, female, private driver with initially positive attitude and a fault-free AAP. The drivers found that the system, if not satisfactory, was useful but added to the emotional pressure felt by the driver. However, they did think it had positive impacts on performance and safety. Still, the largest perceived effect was a decrease in the risk of being fined for speeding. The gap between the concept of the AAP and willingness to keep and pay for the system puts a clear focus on the importance to define acceptance and developing a tool to ensure reliable assessments of it.
|
|
| 7. |
- Adell, Emeli
(författare)
-
Driver Experience and Acceptance of Driver Support Systems - A Case of Speed Adaptation
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Substantial research and development efforts are being made to add driver support systems to the arsenal of traffic safety measures. Obviously, the system cannot reduce fatalities and trauma until it is actually used. Hence, drivers’ experiences and acceptance of the system are of paramount importance. A driver support system (ISA) has been investigated by means of real life trials in Sweden, Hungary and Spain, and the results show that the incentive for drivers to use an ISA system might be the money and embarrassment saved by avoiding speeding tickets, rather than increased traffic safety. Further, to assess the ‘final’, long-term experiences of the system, a longer period than one month of usage is necessary. This thesis conducts a literature review to systematically investigate how acceptance has been defined and how it has been measured within the driver support area. A new definition of acceptance is proposed: “the degree to which an individual intends to use a system and, when available, to incorporate the system in his/her driving”. Additionally, it explores whether the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT), which was originally developed for information technology, may be used as an acceptance model for driver support systems. A pilot test supported to some extent the use of the model. The model constructs ‘performance expectancy’ and ‘social influence’ affect drivers’ intention to use the system.
|
|
| 8. |
- Adell, Emeli
(författare)
-
Drivers’ evaluations of the Active Accelerator Pedal in a real-life trial
- 2007
-
Ingår i: IATSS. ; 31:1, s. 89-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a large-scale field trial, conducted between 2000 and 2001, the test drivers used the Active Accelerator Pedal for between 6 and 12 months in their regular cars. The drivers’ evaluations, elicited by questionnaires after one month of usage and at the end of the trial, were analysed with ANOVA (repeated-measure) and compared to the objectively measured effects in the same trial. The drivers found the system to be effective in decreasing their speed and believed their risk of being fined for speeding decreased drastically. On the other hand, their workload increased and their emotional state deteriorated. They reported an increased feeling of obstructing other drivers and reduced driving enjoyment. Between-subject effects showed a different way of using the system depending on age; younger drivers used the supporting function of the system more, while older drivers found the counter force more of a command to lower their speed. Time effects showed the importance of long-term evaluations and the interaction effects demonstrated how development of driver responses over time depend on driver type and initial attitude. Comparing driver subjective experiences and objectively measured effects, discrepancies were found in the magnitude of speed changes and car-following distances. The delegation of responsibility coincided well with the objectively measured effects.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
-
Field trials with ISA in Hungary
- 2004
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field experiments with ISA (Intelligent Speed Adaptation) has been carried out in the city of Debrecen, Hungary. Twenty vehicles were equipped with two kinds of ISA systems: 1) support via an active accelerator pedal and 2) warning via beep signals and flashing red light when exceeding the speed limit. Speed was continually logged in all vehicles and the test drivers were interviewed. The results show that they had a positive attitude towards ISA generally, but they reported some negative changes in workload factors. They liked the warning beep signal more than support via the gas pedal.
|
|
