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- Berntman, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Bus travel safety - a travel chain perspective
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The injury risk for bus passengers is low compared to car users. However, bus passengers also run the risk of sustaining injuries as vulnerable road users: as pedestrians or cyclists to and from the bus stop. Among vulnerable road users, seniors are a particularly important group. Hitherto, injury data have mainly been based on police-reported accidents. These accidents reveal bus occupant safety, rarely covering the whole travel chain. The aim of this study is therefore to incorporate all links in the travel chain, in order to better assess the risks in local and regional bus services. Instead of using only police data, both police- and hospital-registered injuries are collected, which will cover not only on-board injuries but also transport to and from the vehicle and during boarding and alighting. Four emergency departments in a southern Swedish county (Skåne) have been collecting data on bus-related injuries between 2006 and 2009. Follow-up studies (postal surveys) are made in order to assess longterm effects and medical costs. In order to assess incidence rates, injury data are complemented by using ongoing extensive travel surveys. The preliminary findings (with data from 2006 to 2008) from this study underscore the need for a holistic perspective when it comes to safety issues. A substantial number of bus-related injuries are sustained to and from the bus stops, and among these injuries older people are over-represented. These injuries are results of so-called single accidents, i.e. not directly involving external violence. Further results will target exposure, risk estimates, and societal costs for the group of elderly passengers as well as all user groups.
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| 3. |
- Berntman, Monica
(författare)
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Consequences of Traffic Casualties in Relation to Traffic-Engineering Factors - An Analysis in Short-term and Long-term Perspectives
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The over-arching objectives of this thesis were to formulate a method to describe the consequences of traffic casualties, and to explain the influence of different traffic engineering factors on these consequences for society and individuals over time. A more detailed objective was to examine whether available short-term indicators can be used to predict consequences in a long-term perspective. Other objectives were to create a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of traffic safety problems, to find out how to allocate resources and traffic safety measures, and to identify changes in traffic safety problems over time. The study was based on one year of traffic casualties, 1991/92, in the admittance areas of five hospitals, in Karlshamn, Karlskrona, Lidköping, Lund and Umeå. The hospital data set held 2,915 casualties, while the police reported 1,722 killed and injured. Data were collected with an incidence approach, and in a public health perspective, i.e. including pedestrians injured in single accidents. On several occasions up to three years and five months after the accident, the injured answered postal questionnaires about the health situation and their care received. All analyses involved both the police and the hospital data sets. The traffic safety problems were expressed in following indicators: killed and injured, hospital care, ISS (Injury Severity Score), length of hospital stay, and visits to a doctor or physiotherapist/nurse, length of sick leave and health loss (Rosser Index), and described in terms of average severities, total consequences, and distributions of total consequences. The effects of six selected traffic-engineering factors on these indicators of consequences were thoroughly analysed in short-term and long-term perspectives. Moreover, the potential of four traffic safety measures were examined. Among the available short–term indicators, the ISS and length of hospital stay within one month after the accident performed the best, although not very well in predicting the long-term consequences of traffic injuries.
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- Berntman, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensionerande körfältsbredder - Slutrapport
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results from a study of 90 km/h rural roads, where the effects of narrow vs. wide lanes on deterioration, safety, winter maintenance etc have been studied. Empirical studies have been performed of lateral positioning and speed on 16 road objects that vary with regards to lane width (3.25m respectively 3.75m) and presence of guardrail (with or without), other parameters have been kept unvarying. The effect of oncoming traffic on lateral positioning has also been studied. The effect on winter maintenance has been studied through surveys to contractors. Results show that narrow lanes, in comparison to wide lanes, reduce the life span of the road by 10-15%, and leads to a higher lifecycle cost on the whole. When faced with an oncoming vehicle the driver carries his vehicle farther away from the centerline, on average 2 to 30 cm depending on the situation and road design. No difference in accident risk has been observed between the two widths. An increased width results in higher demands on winter maintenance, but the effects are small compared to other influencing factors.
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