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- Wahl, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of minor phrasing variations in traffic-related questionnaires - Comparison of objective equivalences and respondents' subjective statements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 13:5, s. 315-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines questionnaire-related issues of variations in the wording of questions and the objective accuracy of the response, in terms of three traffic-related phenomena (accident frequency, incident frequency, and speeding). ca. 900 survey respondents, living along four major arterial streets in Malmö, Sweden, estimated the occurrence of the phenomena in question. The dispatch consisted of two parallel questionnaires with minor variations in question wording which showed significant differences in the given estimates of accident and incident frequency depending on the phrasing. The correspondence between the subjective estimates and objectively measured accident and speeding figures is discussed along with the potential impact of wording, the phenomenon’s characteristics and response scales. Increased knowledge of these factors could ease communication with the public in the municipal traffic-planning process.
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- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Arterial roads do not have to be big, ugly and difficult for non-motorists
- 2003
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to describe the evaluation and effects of a major reconstruction of an arterial street in Eskilstuna, a medium sized Swedish town. The aim of the reconstruction was to minimize the barrier effects of the arterial street and by that create a stronger connection between the town center, on one side of the street, and the town-river, on the other; but also to create generally better conditions for primarily unprotected road users in that area of the city. This paper studies how traffic safety, subjective safety, pass ability, accessibility, attraction, aesthetics and air pollution are influenced by this reconstruction. Both objective and subjective measurements have been used. The reconstruction gave positive effects on most of the aspects studied and although the primary aim of the project was not to improve traffic safety the results were very positive in this respect as well. The most negative outcome was an increase in car emissions due to more accelerations and decelerations. In total the positive effects are overriding the negative ones by far and the study shows that by making some sacrifice in the mobility and comfort for motor vehicle occupants the attraction and esthetics of the area has increased as well as the traffic safety. An attempt has also been made to value the changes regarding different aspects for different types of road users. This clearly shows the stronger benefits for unprotected road users compared with the motorists.
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| 9. |
- Almqvist, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for Assessing Traffic Safety in Developing Countries
- 1994
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Every year about 15 million people are injured in traffic, 500,000 of these fatally. Developing countries are badly affected. During the worst years of the war in Nicaragua, more people died in traffic accidents than as a direct result of the war. Transport system and infrastructure have developed rapidly in developing countries, while little has been achieved in preventing accidents or lessening their severity. Not only are accidents rates high, there are not sufficient resources to save the injured and help those who are left with permanent handicaps. Traffic safety is related to a complexity of factors including road users, the traffic environment and vehicles. Any changes in vehicles or human behaviour require long-term solutions. However, improvements in the traffic environment,"engineering" or design changes, can be made relatively quickly. The Traffic Conflict Technique TCT enables traffic hazards to be studied quickly and simply. It is possible to determine wheather the site is dangerous after three to five days of conflict studies, and if so, propose suitable countermeasures. TCT does not require complicated equipment, and observers are ready to carry out studies after a week’s training. The aim of the study was to describe how the TCT could be used in urban areas of developing countries to: identify and quantify traffic risks, improve traffic safety for different groups of road users, plan the development of infrastructure and the traffic environment. The work was carried out as a field study in Cochabamba, Bolivia, a city with a population of around 400,000, and the report includes the following: a description of the conflict technique and its use, recommendations for using conflict technique in cities in developing countries, and how the information can be interpreted and used ineconomically realistic, practical solutions, a description of some types of "engineering" solutions that can improve traffic safety.
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