1.
Berden, Michael, et al.
(författare)
Smart Construction logistics
2018
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The growth in urban population and economic upturn is leading to higher demand for construction, repair and renovation works in cities. Houses, public utilities, retail spaces, offices and infrastructure need to adapt to cope with the increasing number of residents and visitors, urban functions and changing standards. Construction projects contribute to more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas once they are finished. However, transport activities related to construction works have negative impacts on the surrounding community if not handled appropriately. It is estimated that 15 to 20 percent of heavy goods vehicles in cities are related to construction, and 30 to 40 percent of light commercial vans [1]. In the cities studied in the CIVIC project, construction-related transport was found to be one of the biggest challenges to improving sustainability. Smarter, cleaner and safer construction logistics solutions in urban areas are needed for environmental, societal and economic reasons. However, in many European cities and metropolitan areas the sense of urgency is not evident or a lack of knowledge is creating passivity. The goal of the CIVIC project is to facilitate and support efficient, sustainable and broadly endorsed transport to, from and around urban construction sites that minimises disruption in the surrounding community, improves construction productivity and optimises energy efficiency. The CIVIC project found that the impact of construction works on mobility and livability of a city was only a very limited part of the urban planning in the cities studied: Amsterdam, Vienna, Brussels, Stockholm and Gothenburg. The studied cities focused on large-scale infrastructure projects such as building motorways, railway stations and underground train systems or development projects, for example, whole new city areas. It is not only these large projects that need to be considered focusing on the impact of construction related transports. Additionally, there are many small-scale development projects in cities with a combination of different official and private actors. Contractors and developers/clients are displaying increasing interest in construction logistics since research shows that improved construction logistics can improve the productivity of a construction project by about 30 percent. Construction companies using innovative logistics concepts see less congestion around the sites and improved productivity and road safety. Thus, there is a need to align public planning coordinating construction projects with traffic planning in order to manage city infrastructure bottlenecks. The ultimate goal is coordinated planning between the public partner of construction projects and the private construction contractors and developers on the necessary measures for mobility, livability and road safety in the city. This handbook has been developed for local governments, clients, developers, contractors, or any other actor that can influence logistics planning and the setup of construction projects. It can help local governments collaborating with private partners to realise more sustainable, and safer, construction works with less inconvenience and cleaner air. In addition, it can help clients, developers and contractors to ensure smooth and efficient construction operations. Hence, sustainable construction logistics could be a future deal-breaker. The handbook first provides a description of the challenges of urban construction logistics and the governance of construction logistics. Secondly, it presents the Smart Governance Concept developed under the CIVIC project, combining different tools to improve construction logistics and its governance. This concept can be applied on two levels: the city level and the project level. On a city level, a sense of shared ownership and urgency should be created to optimise construction logistics on the project level. This is the first step of the concept. Steps 2 to 6 outline different tools and methods for the development of a solution: in step 2, a conceptual solution is required to create a common understanding of the prerequisites for the specific project and possible methods for organising logistics. Step 3 entails the different instruments, policies and guidelines that are needed for creating the formal conditions for the solution. In step 4, the specific stakeholders are involved to identify important criteria that influence the selection of the final solution. Step 5 then aims to select the final solution by providing cost calculations and traffic optimisation models. Step 6 entails the collection of data and follow-ups of KPIs. The final step 7 regards the evaluation of the different projects that feed back into the continuous development process of the optimisation of construction logistics at a city level. This final step is presented together with step 1 since these both concern the city level. The Smart Governance Concept should be part of development/construction projects from the very beginning, meaning from the planning phase.
2.
Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
An urban planning tool demonstrator with auralisation and visualisation of the sound environment
2020
Ingår i: Proceedings of the FA2020 Conference. ; , s. 869-871
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
The paper presents findings from a recent project about the development of a demonstrator of an urban planning tool that includes auralised sounds as well as visualisations of sound propagation and facade noise levels linked to health impact. In urban development projects, the sound environment is one of the key elements, but often enters late in the planning process. As a result, even if the noise regulations are fulfilled, the potentially good sound environment may suffer unnecessary quality reductions. In addition, the standard ways of presenting and analysing the situations, using noise levels and noise maps, has potential for improvement, especially considering the transdisciplinary approaches to planning that are increasing in use. The tool aims to simplify the usage also at early stage planning, including scenario analysis, as well as to facilitate the urban planners' understanding of the sound environment and its effects. The paper presents results from the development of the demonstrator, reflecting on auralisation as well as on multiple aspects of visualisation including grid noise maps, health-related facade noise levels and choice of colour scales.
3.
Stahre Wästberg, Beata, 1974, et al.
(författare)
Visualizing environmental data for pedestrian comfort analysis in urban planning processes
2017
Ingår i: Proceedings for CUPUM 2017 - 15th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management.
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Digital tools are being developed for involving stakeholders in urban planning and transformation processes. One challenge is how to visualize and act upon all parameters that are relevant for dealing with complex plan-ning problems, such as environmental factors. Dialogue tools involving vis-ualization can bridge the distance between planners and citizens. This paper focuses on the problem of representing invisible environmental parameters affecting the urban climate such as wind, solar radiation, air pollution and noise, in a city model. The aim of the paper is to discuss challenges for rep-resenting and communicating environmental data in city models. In this pa-per, we have accounted for literature studies; our own conceptual modelling and prototype studies in three projects; as well as a survey with 16 urban planners. We conclude with defining design criteria for dialogue tools cre-ating a comprehensible base for communication in urban transformation processes.
4.
Stahre Wästberg, Beata, 1974, et al.
(författare)
How to Visualize the Invisible Simulating Air Pollution Dispersions in a 3D City Model
2013
Ingår i: 13th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, CUMPUM 2013; Utrecht; Netherlands; 2 July 2013 through 5 July 2013. ; 2013, s. 1-4
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This is a work in progress on how to visualize air pollution dispersion in 3D from a street perspective. Invisible environmental factors, such as air pollution, are hard to present in a comprehensible way, and thus difficult to grasp. Consequently these questions often get low priority in urban planning processes. In order to create a better understanding for e.g. air pollution at street level, a visual concept for 3D-city models needs to be developed, where a walk through perspective at street level with pollution levels is included. An urban area in central Gothenburg (Fig 1A,B) is studied regarding the quality of air following changes in the built environment. The project explores different ways to represent environmental factors in 3D-city models. Spreading calculations for particles are carried out, based on the plan for new buildings in the area. For comparison, a scenario of the current situation are produced, based on existing calculations for emissions from traffic and harbour activities. Finally, the air pollution visualization will be integrated in the 3D city model of Gothenburg.
5.
Lindholm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
Slutrapport Sendsmart
2014
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.
Stahre Wästberg, Beata, 1974, et al.
(författare)
Visualisering och auralisering av buller i stadsmiljö
2020
Ingår i: Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X. ; 3, s. 8-12
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Inom dagens stadsplanering används oftast 2D-kartor för att visa beräknade värden för framtida bullernivåer. Dessa kartor kan ibland vara svåra att tolka. För att öka förståelsen och underlätta kommunikationen mellan olika aktörer inom planeringsprocessen, har vi inom forskningsprojektet DemoVirPEN på Chalmers och Göteborgs universitet utvecklat en prototyp av ett verktyg för visualisering och auralisering (ljudsimulering) av buller från vägtrafik i en stadsmodell.
7.
Ögren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
Visualisation of traffic noise exposure and health impact in a 3D urban environment
2021
Ingår i: Paper collection of the ICBEN 2021 Congress.
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
It is becoming increasingly common to work with urban planning using 3D visualisation tools. In the project DemoVirPEN a research team with participation from different research fields cooperated to create a demonstration concept for visualising traffic noise and the associated health impact in a 3D graphics environment. The project included participation from the following fields; 3D modelling and mapping, traffic noise calculation, auralisation, urban planning and architecture and health impact of noise exposure. The final product of the project is summarised in a film clip that illustrates the main results by visualising and auralising traffic in different configurations from different perspectives. A few key points are visualising short time frames (single vehicle passage) versus yearly average (noise map), and impact of changes such as removing or modifying traffic flows and buildings.
