| 1. |
- Flyborg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A PLS model for predicting rejection of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration using treated wastewater as feed
- 2017
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Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 174, s. 212-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a Partial Least Squares Projection of Latent Structures (PLS) model has been developed for predicting the rejection of pharmaceutical residuals by nanofiltration (NF) using treated municipal wastewater as feed. The objective was to provide a practical tool for wastewater reuse facilities for estimating the rejection of emerging organic contaminants based on their physiochemical characteristics. The model was developed by identifying the important physiochemical properties of pharmaceutical residuals for rejection by NF. The investigated pharmaceuticals were those present in the effluent from Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Sweden. The rejection, at volume reduction factors (VRF) ranging from 2 to 20, was examined in a NF pilot plant at two occasions. The important variables for rejection by NF were, in descending order: polarizability, globularity, ratio hydrophobic to polar water accessible surface area and compound charge. Two studies were performed with a time interval of about a year with different wastewater matrices and age of membranes. For different VRFs, but in the same study, the model produced consistent predicted rejections. For the same VRF, but in the different studies, the regression lines were almost parallel, but with a deviation of about 7% for the predicted values. Most of the compounds were within the 95% prediction interval. The model also proved to be able to predict rejection using data from the literature. This confirms that the predictive PLS model can estimate the rejection albeit, with limitations. Generally the proposed predictive rejection model is most likely valid but the model coefficients need to be determined for each individual WWTP or wastewater reuse facility.
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| 2. |
- Najar, Nasik, et al.
(författare)
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A sustainability index within water and wastewater management in Sweden : An evaluation of eight case studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sustainability index (SI) is a benchmark for guiding the activities of municipal water and wastewater (W and WS) utilities toward sustainability. The SI has been used in Sweden since 2014 as an internal benchmark management tool facilitating the strategic work of organizations. This study assesses how the SI was applied in practice by eight utilities (Orgs 1–8) from 2015 to 2019. The study was performed using in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of the utilities and analyzing 32 SI reports and other documents. The utilities generally perform better in all parameters compared with the national average. Three utilities had improved results during the study period, while the other five had unchanged development. Five utilities use the SI index to improve their performance, and three use the SI results to grade the organization. All utilities are concerned with sustainability and wish to improve their performance. The study found that the parameter “Status of W and WS fixed facilities” was the furthest from sustainability. The study also clarifies that the technical committee has the primary responsibility to ensure that the technical office meets the sustainability objectives.
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| 3. |
- Bashitialshaer, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Developing New Measuring Technique Controlling Desalination Brine Concentration
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse International Desalination Association-IDA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desalination is an important method and cost effective for producing potable water and is a rapidly growing technology worldwide. According to the International Desalination Association, IDA data base the amount of desalinated water soon will reach the 100 MCM per day, which means double of this amount (200 MCM/day) is called brine discharge or rejected amount. In this study, we planned to follow and control the huge amount of the rejected brine especially at the Gulf region which counts the most production area e.g. more than 45% of the world total amount and the largest desalination plant is also located there with more than one million cubic meter per day. The early warning system that introduces sea bottom probes (sensors) measuring desalination brine concentration can be good method to start in order to control the discharge at any location. It is great opportunity to the users that can continuously observe the changes of the concentration at the surrounding at any discharge point. For example the alarm signal works for the salt concentration increment for more than 0.5 g/l at the surrounding of any discharge point which is already existed in some places. The most important part of this plan is to establish the mobile testing instrumentation system from the above idea, which is similar to a mobile desalination plant. Such plants were developed few years ago for emergency cases and can easily sail from one location to another thereby serving many locations. Thus, we have to start mobile testing at existing desalination plants and use the mobile plants to measure and control intake and brine discharge.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Current situation of municipal solid waste landfills in Jordan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2456. ; 31:8, s. 1897-1898
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in inhabitants over the past five decades as a result of a high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economic and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits, resulting in an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) over time. The rate of production of MSW has been estimated at about 1,964,284 ton annually with an average generation rate of 0.95 kg/ cap/day in urban and 0.85 kg/cap/day in rural areas (SWEEP, 2010) and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by 2015. The major fraction of MSW composition is organic (Fig. 1), which implies a high moisture content value, as expected in a developing country where food is the major component of the solid waste stream (Abu Qdais, 2007). About 86% of the MSW is decomposable and recyclable, while the remainder is inert matter. The solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid population increase as well as the change in living standards and consumption patterns.
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| 6. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Design of sanitary landfills in Jordan for sustainable solid waste management
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sciences Research. - 1816-157X. ; 6:11, s. 1880-1884
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Municipal solid waste is one of the major environmental problems in Jordan. The World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of production of solid waste in Jordan was estimated annually of about 1.46 million ton, and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by the year 2015 with a generation of 0.9/kg/capita/day. This solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid increase of populations and change in living standards and the consumption patterns. The majorities of landfills in Jordan are practicing open dumping and thus cause various environmental problems such as health hazards, surface water and ground water contamination, odors, etc. Sanitary landfills offer a viable option for the Common Service Councils (CSCs) which are responsible for operation and management of disposal sites in the country, to deal with the environmental hazards caused by open dumps practice within its financial constraints. If sanitary landfills are conducted properly, the negative environmental impacts can be kept to a minimum level. This paper will discuss the environmental, economic and social opportunities of moving open dumps toward sanitary landfills such a transfer is necessary and it could play important roles in tackling the pressing solid waste problems and a forward step for an approach for integrated solid waste management in the country.
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| 7. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills in semi-arid climates - case study: Jordan
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Open Waste Management Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1876-4002. ; 5:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfilling is the most commonly used method for solid waste disposal in Jordan. It is an important source of pollution, which can be displayed through analysis of data for climatic conditions, hydrology and geology of the country. The migration of gas and leachate from the landfill body into the surrounding environment present a serious environmental concern, which include groundwater pollution, air pollution with impact on climate through methane emission and potential health hazards. This paper presents an overview of these environmental concerns from landfilling practices and their adverse environmental effects. In the paper, a number of remedial measures needed to minimize these environmental and socio-economic effects are suggested, with in total eight long term and eight short term measures for improving of the solid waste management system of Jordan.
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| 8. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Deferent Daily Cover Using Hydrus 2d/3d Simulation
- 2012
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Ingår i: ; , s. 114-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most important trends in landfill management policy over the last decade have been the universal adoption of the containment approach to emission control and the increasing legal requirement to install artificial membranes as bottom liners and caps to landfills which is now mandatory in many countries. The landfill cover is one of the most important aspects when designing and constructing landfills. The cover should minimize the quantity of water that infiltrates to the body of the solid waste landfills, reduce the rate of leachate generation, segregate solid waste from the surrounding environment, and control the risk of additional groundwater contamination and gas migration. Landfill covers are not standardized. Different covers have been proposed and executed all over the world. The selection of the suitable cover type is a big challenge especially in arid and semi-arid countries. Jordan is considered to be a semi-arid country. In Jordan, more than 20 landfills are in operation. Landfilling practiced in Jordan is generally dumping the waste in trenches with leveling and compacting by trash compactors to reduce the size and the thickness of the layers, and finally covering the waste with 0.5 m from the landfill soil in daily basis. This cover usually ends to be the cap during landfill working time and sometimes after closing. To assess the efficiency of a certain cover with particular concentration on landfills in arid and semi-arid areas, many field studies should be adopted along an extensive time period, confirming the efficiency of the landfill cover. Cost, time, and labor demands are still the major obstacles for conducting such field studies. Other methods should be considered for evaluation of the landfill cover efficiency and also supporting correct evaluation of the performance of landfill covers. Numerical simulation with appropriate soil parameters is an inexpensive, fast, and labor saved tool for modeling water flow and solute transport in saturated and unsaturated media.
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| 9. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Cover Effect in Mafraq Landfill –Jordan Using Hydrus-2d Simulation
- 2011
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Ingår i: IWWG. ; 13, s. 581-582
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model for water flow and solute transport, Hydrus-2D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover thickness and the antecedent water content (Ө) of the soil beneath the landfill on the chloride percolation below the landfill. Series of simulation scenarios were performed using season varying climatic data during a 30-year period including two varying factors; thickness of landfill cover (0, 50, 100 cm) and the antecedent soil water content (0.12 and 0.20 m3m-3). The simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all location within soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the MSW leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover increased the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreased. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increased. The simulation results showed also that the impact of antecedent soil water content on chloride concentration reduction increase as the cover thickness increased. Based on the result, it was recommended to use a landfill cover to reduce the chloride concentration. Cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low antecedent soil water content.
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