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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Urban snowmelt and runoff in northern Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 37:3, s. 263-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snowmelt and runoff in urban areas in Lulea, north Sweden, are discussed and compared with rural conditions. The uneven snow distribution in cities is quantified. Energy fluxes at the snow surface in different environments are estimated. It is shown that, mainly because of increased absorbed radiative energy in the snow, the daily melt is about 10 mm higher in the city than in rural environments. In the course of prolonged snowmelt, the infiltration capacity of most soils in urban areas becomes so reduced that melt-induced peak flows from grassed and gravelled surfaces are similar to those from asphalted surfaces. When rain falls on snow, overland flow may take place from the entire area of a basin.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nordell, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Method for continuous measurement of ice cover thickness
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cold Regions Science and Technology. - 0165-232X .- 1872-7441. ; 23:4, s. 389-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate a method for continuous measurement of ice cover thickness. The measuring device consists of a water-filled bucket, floating with its brim at the water surface. A pipe is vertically mounted at the centre of the bucket and capped with an oil-filled balloon. The volume expansion of the formed ice results in a corresponding oil flow, from the balloon at the bottom of the bucket through the pipe into an expansion bucket above ground. By measuring the volume expansion continuously, the ice thickness can be determined at any time. The performance of preliminary laboratory tests confirmed the feasibility of the method.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Singh, V.P., et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic wave modelling of saturated basal flow in a snowpack
- 1997
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 11:2, s. 177-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Movement of snowmelt water through a thin saturated layer at the infiltrating base of a snowpack is modelled by applying the kinematic wave theory. Analytical solutions are obtained for flow depth, velocity and discharge assuming that the rate of input to the saturated layer due to vertical percolation is constant. This assumption results in a linear rise and recession of the snowmelt hydrograph. The solutions are extended to the case of time-varying input. An explicit consideration of infiltration leads to a free boundary problem.
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| 7. |
- Singh, V.P., et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic wave modelling of vertical movement of snowmelt water through a snowpack
- 1997
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 11:2, s. 149-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical movement of snowmelt water through snowpacks is modelled by applying the kinematic wave theory. Analytical solutions are obtained for moisture flux, particle velocity, time history and velocity of meltwater front and total moisture content for a single melt event assuming that the melt rate is constant. These solutions are extended to the case involving more than one event.
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| 8. |
- Westerström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of snowmelt runoff on experimental plots in Lulea, Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 14:10, s. 1869-1885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical characteristics of snowmelt runoff are derived from observations made during snowmelt in a six-year period from 1980 to 1985 on three experimental plots and three plates located on the campus of the Lulea University of Technology in Lulea, Sweden. The plots had asphalt, gravel and grass surfaces. The plates were of different designs with one having the bottom cut out so that it was more like a frame. With the assumption that the asphalt surface of the plots was impervious, infiltration of meltwater into gravel and grass surfaces was deduced. Unlike rainfall infiltration, the graph of snowmelt infiltration rate resembled a flow hydrograph, with a distinct rise, a peak and a distinct recession. A strong linear relationship between the snowmelt runoff hydrograph peak and the snowmelt amount was found, which explained more than 90% of the variability in the snowmelt peak. This is in contrast with rainfall runoff where the relationship between runoff peak and volume is decidedly nonlinear. Hourly snowmelt runoff peak and daily snowmelt amount were found to exhibit nearly constant skew and follow approximately a Gumbel frequency distribution.
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| 9. |
- Westerström, Göran
(författare)
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An urban snowmelt runoff case study
- 1986
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Ingår i: Urban drainage modelling. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0080325580 ; , s. 275-283
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the urban snowmelt-runoff process an urban hydrologic catchment has been established at Porson residential area in the vicinity of the University of Lulea, Sweden. Presents some results from the first two years of the study. Data from the 1983 and 1984 snowmelt periods are analysed with respect to maximum snowmelt rates, peakflows and area contribution to the runoff
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| 10. |
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