| 1. |
- Dahlöf, Björn, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiation of the antihypertensive effect of enalapril by randomized addition of different doses of hydrochlorothiazide.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension. - 0952-1178. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potentiating effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 or 25 mg once daily when added in a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study of patients with essential hypertension, whose diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was not adequately controlled (DBP > 90 mmHg) following 6 weeks of single-blind treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril, 20 mg once daily. Forty-eight patients started the first period with enalapril after 4 weeks on placebo. In 13 patients DBP fell to < or = 90 mmHg after enalapril for 6 weeks. In this group supine mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by 13% (P < 0.01). In the patients whose DBP was > 90 mmHg after 6 weeks on enalapril (n = 32) the average supine MAP fell by 9% (P < 0.001). After 3 weeks there was no further drop in blood pressure (BP). Addition of HCTZ to the 32 patients with DBP > 90 mmHg caused a significant further drop in supine BP by 13/7 mmHg with 12.5 mg and by 15/7 mmHg with 25 mg. Seven patients discontinued the study, none due to side effects on enalapril alone. Well-being, assessed with a special questionnaire, was significantly better with enalapril as monotherapy compared with previous treatment, but not different from well-being during the placebo periods. It is concluded that 20 mg enalapril once daily lowered BP effectively and was well tolerated. The maximum BP lowering effect was seen within 3 weeks. Addition of HCTZ caused a significant, and clinically relevant, further drop in BP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 2. |
- Eggertsen, Robert, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Hemodynamic effects of combined beta-adrenoceptor blockade and precapillary vasodilatation in hypertension.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0365-463X .- 0001-6101. ; 693, s. 115-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carvedilol (BM14190) is a new compound with combined properties of nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade, devoid of ISA, and precapillary vasodilatation. Its acute hemodynamic effects were studied with invasive technique (dye-dilution using Cardio-Green) in 10 patients taking 25 mg orally and noninvasive (fore-arm plethysmography) in 10 patients taking 25 mg and in 10 patients taking 50 mg orally, all with essential hypertension. Significant reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.05 - 0.001) were observed in all groups. TPR did not change acutely whereas resistance in the fore-arm was reduced by 16% (p less than 0.05). When a comparison with propranolol (80 mgx2) was made in a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial comprising 30 patients with essential hypertension, carvedilol acutely reduced blood pressure significantly 13/6 mm Hg (25 mg) and 17/10 mm Hg (50 mg) in contrast to propranolol. Resistance in the fore-arm (plethysmography) fell significantly with carvedilol 50 mg whereas propranolol caused a significant rise. After 4 weeks both compounds had reduced blood pressure significantly and to the same extent. Blood flow was still reduced with propranolol in contrast to the findings with carvedilol. We conclude that carvedilol given orally has a useful antihypertensive effect both acutely and during prolonged treatment. It has an attractive hemodynamic profile.
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| 3. |
- Eggertsen, Robert, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Vasodilators in hypertension--a review with special emphasis on the combined use of vasodilators and beta-adrenoceptor blockers.
- 1985
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Ingår i: International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology. - 0174-4879. ; 23:8, s. 411-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a review of studies dealing with combined beta-adrenoceptor blockade and vasodilatation in the treatment of hypertension. This therapy can be achieved either through the combined use of conventional beta-adrenoceptor blocking compounds given together with vasodilator drugs or with agents which show multiple action of this kind. From a hemodynamic point of view this therapeutic approach is quite logical since most forms of established hypertension are characterized by increased vascular resistance. It can therefore be concluded that combined beta-adrenoceptor blockade and vasodilation offers a rational and useful treatment of hypertension.
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| 4. |
- Arnbjornsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Testicular torsion in children - Bilateral or unilateral operation
- 1985
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Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 151:5, s. 425-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 1969 and 1984 65 children were operated on for testicular torsion. A follow-up study of 63 patients who underwent surgery for unilateral testicular torsion with fixation only on the affected side showed that no torsion occurred on the opposite nonfixated side and there was no retorsion during an observation period of an average of more than seven years. From our calculated risk for contralateral testicular torsion we suggest that bilateral fixation is not necessary in children who present with a unilateral testicular torsion.
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| 5. |
- Hellström-Westas, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Silent seizures in sick infants in early life. Diagnosis by continuous cerebral function monitoring
- 1985
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-656X .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 74:5, s. 741-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral electric activity was surveilled with a Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM) technique in 87 newborn infants under neonatal intensive care. A total of 26 infants had electrographical signs of repeated seizure activity. Among these infants 14 had periods of one hour or more of silent seizures activity. Among these infants 14 had periods of one hour or more of silent seizures, i.e. typical pattern of ictal epileptic activity on CFM without clinical symptoms or signs of convulsions. The occurrence of silent seizures and their pattern in relation to the clinical condition and management was unpredictable in most cases. Besides general limpness or flaccidity in an outward quiet baby these infants showed no clinical fits or clonic convulsions. The findings indicate that anticonvulsive therapy in small infants may be insufficient and need re-evaluation, since the long-term effect of silent seizures on cerebral function and activity is still uncertain.
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| 6. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Microcalorimetry as a tool for the detection of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 77:2, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microcalorimetry using a 4-channel static ampoule microcalorimeter of thermopile type has been evaluated as a tool for the detection of complement-dependent cytotoxicity against the surface antigens of living cells. Cytotoxic reactions mediated by a rabbit antiserum against human white blood cells and by 2 different monoclonal antibodies recognizing a melanoma-associated antigen on a human melanoma cell line were studied. The cytotoxic reactions were registered as a decrease of the heat production rate when the cells were exposed to antibodies in the presence of active complement as compared to the heat production rate of the cells exposed to the same antibodies in the presence of inactive complement. This investigation shows that microcalorimetry can be used as a highly sensitive method for the detection of complement-dependent immune reactions, detecting antibody dilutions higher than 10-5. It also indicates that microcalorimetry may become a particularly important technique in the analysis of the kinetics of cytotoxic immune reactions in vitro.
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| 7. |
- Johnell, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Lower limb fractures and registration for alcoholism
- 1985
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 13:3, s. 95-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During two consecutive years 607 individuals with lower limb fractures were diagnosed. Half of the individuals, 315, were women and only 14 of them had an earlier registration for alcoholism. In the 292 men, however, 73 men or 25%, had been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases at least once during the 13 years of observation, the highest registration frequency (30%) was noted in the malleolar fractures in men. In males, 30-50 years of age, there were 37 per cent who had a registration for alcoholism, the highest registration (44%) was noted for fracture of the tibial diaphysis. Males with fracture of the proximal end of the femur between 16-80 years of age were registered for alcoholism in 23%.
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| 8. |
- Söderberg, Ove, 1942-
(författare)
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Transmyringeal middle ear ventilation : an experimental approach to evaluation of its benefits and consequences
- 1985
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A prerequisite for a functioning middle ear is an air-filled middle ear cavity. Aeration of the middle ear cavity is controlled by the Eustachian tube. Dysfunction of the Eustachian tube has long been acknowledged as a significant etiological factor in disorders of the middle ear, especially middle ear effusions. Artificial ventilation of the middle ear through the tympanic membrane has been practised for almost two centuries, but with varying degrees of success. In 1954, Armstrong reintroduced the method of inserting a transmyringeal tympanostomy tube into the ear drum. Since that time this ventilatory device has gained wide popularity and several types of tube have been designed. However, an increasing number of clinical reports have shown treatment with tympanostomy tubes to be followed by complications such as tympanosclerosis, atrophy, persistent perforations and cholesteatomas.In the present thesis, experiments were outlined in which the tympanostomy tube - tympanic membrane interaction was studied and in which tympanostomy tubes were also applied in a well-defined type of otitis media. Furthermore, alternative transmyringeal ventilatory procedures such as myringotomies with a delayed healing time were investigated. The results were evaluated with morphological and microbiological methods.Repeated tympanostomy tube insertions in ears of healthy rats caused a remarkable thickening (about 30-fold) of the tympanic membrane of the tubulated quadrants, but even the untouched quadrants were affected. The thickened areas were characterized mainly by an increase in dense connective tissue which also contained sclerotic plaques. The structural changes in the tympanic membrane were still present 3 months after the final ventilation episode.Cleavage of the rat soft palate caused an immediate accumulation of effusion material in the tympanic cavity due to disturbance of Eustachian tube function. The fluid turned purulent within one to two weeks. The microbial flora of the middle ear cavity correlated well with that of the nasopharynx, indicating an ascending infection. Insertion of a tympanostomy tube could prevent the accumulation of effusion material in the meso- and hypotympanon and significantly suppress bacterial growth in the middle ear cavity.Thermal energy-inflicted myringotomies were tested as an alternative method for establishing transmyringeal ventilation. Myringotomies performed either with a CCL-laser or by diathermy showed a delayed healing pattern, most probably due to widespread destruction of the outer keratinized squamous epithelium and damage to the vascular supply. Upon comparison, laser myringotomies appeared more favourable due to their longer closure times, whereas the perforations accomplished by diathermy were often complicated by otorrhea and showed more advanced structural changes.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bock, K, et al.
(författare)
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Specificity of binding of a strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Gal alpha 1----4Gal-containing glycosphingolipids.
- 1985
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 260:14, s. 8545-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from urine of a patient with acute pyelonephritis was studied in detail for binding to glycosphingolipids. Bacteria labeled metabolically with [14C]glucose were layered over a glycolipid chromatogram and bound bacteria were detected by autoradiography. The detection was down to a few ng of glycolipid (pmol level) under these assay conditions. At a test level of 500 ng all glycolipids (more than a dozen molecular species analyzed) with Gal alpha 1----4Gal as an internal or terminal part bound the bacteria strongly while glycolipids known to lack this sequence were negative. Conformational analysis using hard sphere calculations including the exo-anomeric effect showed a bend in the saccharide chain at this disaccharide with a largely hydrophobic surface of the convex side, probably being part of the binding epitope. Mixtures of glycolipids isolated from a human ureter scraping and from urinary sediments bound bacteria in the 2- to 7-sugar interval. Thus, this infectious strain of E. coli recognizes glycolipids being present in epithelial cells lining the urinary tract.
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