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- Andersson, Annalena, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of axillary brachial plexus block for operations on the hand.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 40:4, s. 225-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An axillary brachial plexus nerve block by a transarterial approach is commonly used to achieve regional anaesthesia for hand surgery. We designed a retrospective study to evaluate efficacy and safety of the technique for acute and elective operations. Anaesthetic records of 189 of all 5520 patients (1996-2000) who had axillary brachial plexus blocks for hand surgery were reviewed, and results compared with complications recorded in the anaesthetic register and in the hand surgery records. Successful axillary block was achieved in 5128/5520 (93%) of patients, according to anaesthetic charts, and primarily in 157/189 (83%), and after supplementation in 171/189 (90%), according to anaesthetic records. Four patients had a toxic drug reaction or axillary haematoma with a transient neurological deficit. Medical complications were recorded in the anaesthetic register in less than 0.7% of axillary brachial plexus procedures. Axillary brachial plexus block by a transarterial approach is effective and safe in hand surgery.
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- Follin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in cardiac systolic function and reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome after 2 years of GH treatment in GH deficient adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 91:5, s. 1872-1875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Survivors of childhood- onset ( CO) acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) treated with prophylactic cranial radiotherapy often exhibit GH deficiency ( GHD), which is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac dysfunction. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of GH replacement on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function in former CO ALL patients. Design: Eighteen former CO ALL patients ( aged 19 - 32 yr) treated with cranial radiotherapy ( 18 - 24 Gy) and chemotherapy and with confirmed GHD were studied at baseline and after 12 ( n = 18) and 24 months ( n = 13) of GH treatment ( median 0.5 mg/ d). A group of 18 age- and sex- matched subjects served as controls. Results: After 12 months of GH treatment, a significant decrease in serum leptin ( P = 0.002), leptin per kilogram fat mass ( FM) ( P = 0.01),plasma glucose ( P = 0.004), FM ( P = 0.002), and hip ( P = 0.04) and waist ( P = 0.02) circumference and increased muscle mass ( P = 0.004) were recorded in the patients. Before GH treatment six patients had a metabolic syndrome, but after 12 months only one had it and after 24 months none. After 24 months of GH treatment, an increase in left ventricular mass index ( P = 0.06) and significant improvements in cardiac systolic function, measured as fractional shortening ( P = 0.03) and ejection fraction ( P = 0.03), were recorded. Conclusions: Improvement in cardiac systolic function and reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome were recorded after 2 yr of GH replacement in former CO ALL patients with GHD. Long- term follow-up is highly warranted.
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- Robinson, Yohan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Intravascular hemolysis and mean red blood cell age in athletes.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:3, s. 480-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the observation that mechanical stress causes red blood cell (RBC) destruction, foot-strike hemolysis has been used to explain sports anemia and RBC rejuvenation in athletes. Recently gained knowledge questions the importance of mechanical RBC trauma on RBC hemolysis in athletes.Male athletes (N = 90) and untrained male controls (N = 58) were investigated for aerobic performance, hematological parameters, serum erythropoietin concentration (EPO), soluble transferrin receptor concentration (sTFR), and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity (eAST).On hard floor running disciplines (HFR, N = 26, short- and long-distance runners, triathletes) showed a lower eAST (P < 0.001) and thus no younger RBC population than not on hard floor running athletes (NHFR, N = 64, cyclists, soccer players, others) or the untrained control group (N = 58). HFR had higher but still normal EPO (P < 0.01) and no higher sTFR.Because intravascular hemolysis occurs in swimmers, cyclists, and runners, and mean RBC age is not reduced in runners, mechanisms other than foot-strike hemolysis have to be considered as well. Possible reasons are intramuscular destruction, osmotic stress, and membrane lipid peroxidation caused by free radicals released by activated leukocytes. Intravascular hemolysis can even be regarded as physiological means to provide heme and proteins for muscle growth.
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- Ahrén, Bo
(författare)
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Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1744-7658 .- 1354-3784. ; 15:4, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vilclagliptin is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors act mainly by preventing the rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1. In clinical trials, vildagliptin improves glycaemic control both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin for periods of :! 52 weeks in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. This is evident by reduced fasting and prandial glucose levels, and reduced glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Vilclagliptin acts by increasing active glucagon-like peptide-1, improving p-cell function and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Furthermore, vildagliptin has proven to be safe and tolerable, with a low occurrence of hypoglycaemia. Further studies are now required to evaluate its long-term durability, effects, safety and tolerability in comparison with other antidiabetic agents and in different patient subgroups.
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| 7. |
- Duan, Rui-Dong
(författare)
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Alkaline sphingomyelinase: An old enzyme with novel implications.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-1981. ; 1761:3, s. 281-291
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) is present in the intestinal tract and additionally human bile. It hydrolyses sphingomyelin in both intestinal lumen and the mucosal membrane in a specific bile salt dependent manner. The enzyme was discovered 36 years ago but got real attention only in the last decade, when sphingomyelin metabolism was realized to be a source of multiple lipid messengers, and when dietary sphingomyelin was found to inhibit colonic tumorigenesis in animals. The enzyme shares no structural similarity with other SMases and belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. The enzyme is of specific properties, such as bile salt dependency, trypsin resistance, high stability, and tissue specific expression. In the colon, the enzyme may play antiproliferative and antiinflammatory roles through generating ceramide, reducing the formation of lysophosphatidic acid, and inactivating platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is down regulated in human long-standing ulcerative colitis and colonic adenocarcinoma, and mutation of the enzyme has been found in colon cancer cells. In the small intestine, alk-SMase is the key enzyme for sphingomyelin digestion. The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin may affect the cholesterol uptake and have impact on sphingomyelin levels in plasma lipoproteins. The review summarizes the new information of alk-SMase from biochemical, cell and molecular biological studies in the last decade and evaluates its potential implications in development of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and atherosclerosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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