| 41. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional distribution of melanocytic naevi in relation to sun exposure, and site-specific counts predicting total number of naevi.
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 72:2, s. 123-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of exposure to ultraviolet light in the formation of melanocytic naevi was analysed by investigating the regional naevus distribution in 310 subjects (30-50 years) from a Swedish census file. The lateral aspect of the arms and the back had the largest concentration of naevi. The mean naevus count per unit surface area was higher in intermittently exposed than in rarely exposed skin (p less than 0.001), while the lowest mean count was found in chronically exposed skin. These results support the idea that intermittent exposure to ultraviolet light has a "naevogenic" effect while chronic exposure might be protective. Dysplastic naevi had a distribution pattern quite different from common naevi. Considering the distribution pattern solely, dysplastic naevi seem to develop independently of exposure to ultraviolet light. The numbers of naevi in different skin areas were tested for their power in predicting the total body naevus count. The strongest correlations were found between total counts and counts on the anterior surface of the thighs and the lateral aspect of the arms. Counts from any of these areas will provide a practical and satisfactory estimate of the total number of naevi.
|
|
| 42. |
- Baldetorp, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Image cytometric DNA analysis in human breast cancer analysis may add prognostic information in diploid cases with low S-phase fraction by flow cytometry
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Cytometry. - : Wiley. - 0196-4763 .- 1097-0320. ; 13:6, s. 577-585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of DNA ploidy can be performed either with image cytometry (ICM) or flow cytometry (FCM); both methods provide independent prognostic information in primary breast cancer. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the two methods and to relate the findings to prognosis (median follow-up 42 months). Concordance in ploidy status (diploid, tetraploid, aneuploid) was obtained in 76% of the samples (168/222). When the fraction of S-phase cells (SPF) from FCM analysis was also taken into consideration, four different groups of samples were obtained (Flow I-IV), which were considered to correspond to the Auer classification (Auer I-IV) of DNA histograms obtained from image cytometry. Complete concordance between the two techniques now was 70% (155/222). Samples classified as Flow I (diploid or near-diploid with low SPF) and Auer I had a distant metastasis rate of 3/60 (5%), as compared to 62/154 (40%) for all other combinations of the Flow and Auer classifications taken together. Thus, the only findings of prognostic importance were that some samples were Flow I but not Auer I, or vice versa. These two groups represent 17 (7.7%) and 14 (6.3%), respectively, of the total number of samples, and had frequencies of distant metastasis similar to those of the other high-risk groups, namely, 7/17 and 5/14, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, flow cytometric S-phase value was a stronger prognostic factor than either the Flow and Auer classification. We conclude that when routine FCM DNA analysis is used, diploid or near-diploid samples with a low S-phase value should be reanalyzed with ICM.
|
|
| 43. |
- Baranov, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific cross-reacting 50-kDa antigen in human normal and cancerous colon mucosa : comparative ultrastructural study with monoclonal antibodies
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 54:12, s. 3305-3314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precise localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and non-specific cross-reacting 50-kDa antigen (NCA 50) in normal colon mucosa and colon adenocarcinoma was investigated by using an indirect immunoperoxidase electron microscopic technique with specific monoclonal antibodies. In normal adult colon both antigens were localized to microvesicles and filaments of the "fuzzy coat" on the apical surface of the epithelial cells. In addition, NCA 50 was found in the narrow spaces between adjoining microvilli. Mature columnar cells at the free luminal surface contained most of the antigen positive material. CEA and NCA 50 were also detected as intracellular components of goblet cells. In multilayered tumor glands, the cell surface expression of the antigens was dependent on the position of the tumor cell in the gland. The neoplastic cells showed either a predominant apical labeling or a positive staining of almost the entire cell surface. Some of the neoplastic cells contained CEA in so-called "intracellular lumina." In contrast to normal colon epithelial cells most tumor cells synthesized NCA 50 actively. In normal colonic mucosa, unlike in cancerous tissue, CEA and NCA 50 appear to be released via vesicles formed from the microvillous membrane of mature columnar cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CEA and NCA play a role in the nonspecific defense against microorganisms in the large intestine.
|
|
| 44. |
- Batra, Satish, et al.
(författare)
-
Release of intracellular calcium and stimulation of cell growth by ATP and histamine in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3)
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7980 .- 0304-3835. ; 77:1, s. 57-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of ATP and histamine on cell proliferation and intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were examined in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3. Micromolar concentrations of ATP induced a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i representing a rapid rise to a peak level followed by a smaller but more sustained phase. When influx of extracellular calcium was blocked by calcium chelation to EGTA, the ATP-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i was rapid and only monophasic. Histamine, in contrast to ATP, caused only a monophasic rise in [Ca2+]i both in the presence and absence of external calcium. The histaminergic H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine, but not the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, totally blocked rises in [Ca2+]i caused by histamine. Fetal calf serum (FCS) induced a slow and monophasic increase in [Ca2+]i in these cells, distinctly different from rises in [Ca2+]i caused by ATP and histamine. Inclusion of low micromolar concentrations of ATP in the growth medium stimulated proliferation of these cells, while higher concentrations (100 microM-1 mM) significantly decreased cellular proliferation. Histamine, in micromolar concentrations, also stimulated cell proliferation. From these results it was concluded that the release of intracellularly bound Ca2+ following receptor stimulation is sufficient to induce cellular proliferation in SKOV-3 cells.
|
|
| 45. |
- Belfrage, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Combined activation of murine lymphocytes with staphylococcal enterotoxin and interleukin-2 results in additive cytotoxic activity
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. - 1432-0851. ; 38:4, s. 71-265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report demonstrates that in vitro activation of murine spleen cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) results in different patterns of activation and function of cytotoxic cells. Lymphokine-activated killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are mainly mediated by IL-2 activated natural killer (NK) cells. SEA is the most powerful T cell mitogen known so far and retargets cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to tumors expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in staphylococcal-enterotoxin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (SDCC). Culture of mouse spleen cells with SEA led to expansion and activation of T cells, which demonstrated strong SDCC activity and some NK-like cytotoxicity after 5 days in culture. Cell sorting revealed that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells mediated SDCC but the former were more effective. Phenotypic analysis showed that SEA preferentially stimulated and expanded T cells expressing T cell receptor V beta 11, in particular CD8+ T cells. Combined activation with SEA and IL-2 resulted in simultaneous induction of T and NK cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, IL-2 had additive effects on SEA-induced SDCC. Combined treatment with SEA and IL-2 might therefore be an approach to induce maximal cytotoxicity against tumors and to recruit both T and NK cells in tumor therapy.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Bjordal, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire module to be used in quality of life assessments in head and neck cancer patients. EORTC Quality of Life Study Group
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 33:8, s. 879-885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A head and neck cancer specific questionnaire module designed to be used in quality of life assessments before, during, and after radiotherapy and surgery, with or without combinations with chemotherapy has been developed in accordance with guidelines given by the EORTC Quality of Life Study Group. Relevant issues were generated by means of literature search, and interviews with specialists and patients. Pre-testing of a preliminary questionnaire module was performed in patients from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom and French-speaking Belgium. The resulting head and neck cancer module, the EORTC QLQ-H&N37, includes 37 items concerning disease and treatment related symptoms, social function and sexuality. By using a combination of the general EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC QLQ-H&N37, health-related quality of life measurements may be compared between studies in different cancer populations, and still be sensitive to changes in the target population.
|
|
| 48. |
- Björk-Eriksson, Thomas, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential impact on tumor control and organ preservation with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for patients with advanced tumors of the paranasal sinuses and nasal fossa. A prospective pilot study
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Cancer. - 0008-543X. ; 70:11, s. 2615-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- METHODS. Twelve patients with advanced epithelial nonadenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses and nasal fossa were treated with three cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m2, day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/24 hours on days 1-5 by continuous infusion), followed by preoperative external radiation therapy of 48 Gy and limited surgery, clearing the paranasal sinuses and nasal fossa. RESULTS. After chemotherapy, 11 of 12 patients were free of the previous symptoms of disease. Clinical response rates were different, however, with an overall response rate of approximately 70% with no complete responses. Histopathologic analysis of resected specimens showed no vital tumor in eight patients, minimal microscopic disease in three patients, and infiltrating tumor in one patient. Local control was achieved in 11 of 12 patients. Ten patients are alive with no evidence of disease (mean follow-up, 27 months). Surgical mutilation was avoided, with no functional or cosmetic loss. CONCLUSIONS. The results of this small pilot study seem to indicate a high chemosensitivity of carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses and nasal fossa, which, in this study, has meant significant relief of symptoms and an unusually high rate of local control (90%) without mutilation.
|
|
| 49. |
- Borg, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Association of int2/hst1 coamplification in primary breast cancer with hormone-dependent phenotype and poor prognosis
- 1991
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 63:1, s. 136-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human proto-oncogene INT2 (homologous to the mouse INT2 gene, implicated in proviral induced mammary carcinoma) has been mapped to chromosome llql3 and found to share band localisation with, among others, the HST1 proto-oncogene. Both genes are members of the fibroblast growth factor family. In the present study, coamplification (2-15 copies) of the INT2/HST1 genes was found in 27 (9%) of 311 invasive human breast carcinomas using slot blot and Southern blot analyses. Amplification was not correlated to tumour size, axillary lymph node status or stage of disease, neither to patient age nor menopausal status. However, 26 (96%) of the 27 amplified tumours were, often strongly, Oestrogen receptor positive compared to 65% of the unamplified cases (P = 0. 001). These findings are in sharp contrast to the strong correlations of HER-2/neu proto-oncogene amplification with advanced stage and steroid receptor negativity, previously observed in the same series of tumours. Patients with INT2/HSTI amplified breast cancer had a significantly shorter disease-free survival compared to those with unamplified genes (P = 0. 015, median follow up 45 months). This correlation was confined to node-negative patients and persisted in multivariate analysis. No significant correlation to survival from breast cancer was found. It is concluded that amplification of the 1 lql3 region in breast cancer occurs in a particular subset of aggressive tumours, quite different from that identified by HER-2/neu amplification. It still remains to be shown that the selection for amplified genes at llql3 is due to the activity of INT2, HSTl or yet another, still unidentified, neighbouring gene. However, the results are potentially of clinical value in separating a group of node-negative breast cancer for more intense treatment.
|
|
| 50. |
- Borg, A, et al.
(författare)
-
HER-2/neu amplification predicts poor survival in node-positive breast cancer
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 50:14, s. 7-4332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HER-2/neu protooncogene amplification and protein expression were analyzed with slot blot and Western blot techniques, respectively, in more than 300 invasive primary breast tumors of all stages. Amplification (2- greater than 30 copies) was found in 17% of these tumors and high expression was seen in 19%. There was a striking coincidence between gene amplification and high expression. Tumors associated with many involved axillary lymph nodes or with Stage IV disease were more often HER-2/neu amplified or overexpressed. Furthermore, gene alteration was strongly correlated with the absence of steroid receptors and with larger tumor size. High expression without gene amplification was seen in a minor subset of tumors of less aggressive character. Neither amplification nor overexpression was correlated with disease outcome for patients with negative axillary lymph nodes. For node-positive patients, however, HER-2/neu amplification was a significant predictor of early relapse and death (median follow-up = 45 months), and a similar trend, although not significant, existed for high gene expression. Multivariate analyses indicated that HER-2/neu alterations were not independent predictors of patient outcome.
|
|
