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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Kardiologi) srt2:(1985-1989)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Kardiologi) > (1985-1989)

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1.
  • Sjöberg, Trygve, et al. (författare)
  • Antagonism of thromboxane receptor induced contractions in isolated human groin lymphatics
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Lymphology. - 0024-7766. ; 22:3, s. 135-140
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In vitro studies were performed on lymphatics obtained from the groin in 19 patients undergoing vascular surgery. The lymphatics were mounted in tissue baths, and isometric contractions were induced by increasing concentrations of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimetic U-46619. In comparison to K+ (124mM)-induced contraction, which were used as an internal standard, the response to U-46619 had an Emax of 105 +/- 5.9%. The pEC50-value was 8.14 +/- 0.09. The effects of two thromboxane receptor (TP-receptor) antagonists, L-636,499 and BM-13,505, were investigated. Both antagonists caused concentration-dependent right-ward shifts without depression of Emax of the U-46619 concentration-response curves. The slopes of the regression lines in a Schild plot for both antagonists did not differ from one, indicating competitive antagonism. The pA2-value of BM-13,505 (7.89) was 65 times higher than that of L-636,499 (6.08). The results suggest that the receptor involved in the prostanoid contraction in human groin lymphatics is of the TP-subtype.
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2.
  • Sjöberg, Trygve, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists noradrenaline, phenylephrine and clonidine in the human saphenous vein in vivo and in vitro
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 136:3, s. 463-471
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile effects of noradrenaline (alpha 1 + alpha 2), phenylephrine (alpha 1) and clonidine (alpha 2) on human saphenous veins were investigated in vivo and in vitro. By infusion (0.3 ml min-1) of the drugs (increasing concentrations in the infused solution) into distended (40 mmHg) saphenous veins in six healthy subjects, local vasoconstriction was induced, measured by a photo-electric device. The drugs induced dose-dependent contractions in all subjects, and dose-response curves were constructed. These were compared with concentration-response curves based on in-vitro results. Macroscopically normal saphenous veins, taken at saphenousectomies, were used, and the preparations were contracted isometrically in organ baths by the agonists. From the curves obtained in vivo and in vitro, the relative potencies of phenylephrine and clonidine (in relation to noradrenaline) were calculated and compared. The relative potencies of phenylephrine in vivo (76%) and in vitro (82%) did not differ significantly. However, the relative potency of clonidine was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in vivo (90%) than in vitro (99%). Thus, it is concluded that there are differences between the results obtained in vivo and in vitro, stressing the importance of comparative in vivo-in vitro studies.
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3.
  • Sjöberg, Trygve, et al. (författare)
  • Contractile response in isolated human groin lymphatics
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Lymphology. - 0024-7766. ; 20:3, s. 152-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lymphatics from the human superficial groin removed at operation in 21 patients (one with lymphedema) were examined in vitro. Histochemically no nerves were identified with either specific catecholamine fluorescence or immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase or dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Ring preparations of the lymphatics were mounted in tissue baths and isometric induced contractions were recorded after administration of K+ (124 mM), acetylcholine, selected amines and prostanoids. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline, dopamine, and acetylcholine had no or only weak contractile effects. In some segments, serotonin induced contractions. Prostaglandin E2 showed no contractile effect and prostaglandin F2 alpha induced contraction in most of the tested lymphatics. The prostaglandin-endoperoxide analogue U44069 uniformly elicited marked concentration-dependent contraction. In the lymphatic segment from the patient with lymphedema, a slightly greater contractile response to NA and serotonin was observed. The results overall suggest an absence of sympathetic innervation and contraction-mediating alpha adrenergic receptors in human superficial groin lymphatics, and support that certain prostanoids may be important regulators of human lymphatic contractility.
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4.
  • Sjöberg, Trygve, et al. (författare)
  • Contractility of human leg lymphatics during exercise before and after indomethacin
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Lymphology. - 0024-7766. ; 22:4, s. 186-193
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Subcutaneous lymphatics in the lower leg were catheterized in the retrograde direction in 6 healthy male subjects. The catheter was connected to a pressure transducer, and pressure was measured during three stages of exercise including standing, tip-toeing, and running in place. Before the third stage, indomethacin (50mg) was given i.v. Rhythmic pressure waves were registered in each subject. During the second stage, when the subjects were "warmed up," the frequency (min-1) was 2.4 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SEM). The corresponding values during tip-toeing and running were 5.8 +/- 0.7 (p less than 0.05) and 5.4 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.05), respectively. The amplitudes (mean values between 3.2-4.7mmHg while standing) were not consistently altered during tip-toeing or running in any of the three stages. During standing there was a negative correlation between frequency and amplitude. No such correlation was found during tip-toeing or running, or after injection of indomethacin. Indomethacin did not significantly alter any of the measured parameters, but in two subjects the frequencies and amplitudes were decreased (about 50%) during standing, tip-toeing, and running.
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5.
  • Wollmer, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Relation between lung function, exercise capacity, and exposure to asbestos cement
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Industrial Medicine. - 0007-1072. ; 44:8, s. 542-549
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A group of 137 male workers with known exposure (mean 20 fibre years per millilitre) to asbestos cement who had symptoms or signs of pulmonary disease was studied together with a reference group of 49 healthy industrial workers with no exposure to asbestos. Lung function measurements were made at rest and during exercise. Evidence of lung fibrosis was found as well as of obstructive airways disease in the exposed group compared with the reference group. Asbestos cement exposure was related to variables reflecting lung fibrosis but not to variables reflecting airflow obstruction. Smoking was related to variables reflecting obstructive lung disease. Exercise capacity was reduced in the exposed workers and was related to smoking and to lung function variables, reflecting obstructive airways disease. There was no significant correlation between exercise capacity and exposure to asbestos cement.
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6.
  • Sjöberg, Trygve, et al. (författare)
  • The strong contractile effect of the thromboxane receptor agonist U-46619 in isolated human pulmonary arteries and its competitive antagonism by BM-13.505
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 136:2, s. 161-165
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ring segments (I mm in diameter) of the pulmonary artery obtained from 16 patients undergoing thoracic surgery were mounted in tissue baths. Cumulative concentration-response curves of some prostanoids and amines were obtained, and Emax and pEC50 values calculated. Noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine and serotonin (5-HT) showed low intrinsic activities. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) induced strong contractions with an Emax of 126% of the preceding K+ (124 mM)-induced contraction, but its potency was low (pEC50 = 5.70). The thromboxane receptor agonists U-46619 and U-44069 induced strong contractions (Emax = 139% and 133% respectively) and were significantly more potent than the other drugs used (pEC50 = 8.43 and 8.30 respectively). The thromboxane receptor antagonist BM-13.505 (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) caused rightward parallel shifts of the U-46619 concentration-response curves without reduction of Emax, indicating competitive antagonism.
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7.
  • Solem, Jan Otto, et al. (författare)
  • Hemoconcentration by ultrafiltration during open-heart surgery
  • 1988
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5580. ; 22:3, s. 271-274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ultrafiltration was used during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with heart-lung machine in 17 critically ill cardiac patients. In ultrafiltration (hemofiltration), water and small molecules (e.g. urea, creatinine and electrolytes), are separated from the blood by hydrostatic pressure generated on the blood side of a semipermeable membrane. The patients had severe water overload for three reasons, viz. congestive heart failure (10), renal failure (6) or iatrogenic extreme hemodilution (1). On average 2090 (800-5700) ml water was filtered off, increasing the hematocrit from 25 to 33%. Three indications for ultrafiltration during ECC and two modes of such treatment are exemplified in three case reports. No negative effect of the treatment was observed. Ultrafiltration during ECC thus may help to improve the postoperative course in patients with severe water overload due to congestive heart failure, renal failure or iatrogenic extreme hemodilution.
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8.
  • Viitanen, Matti, 1950- (författare)
  • Long-term effects of stroke
  • 1987
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Stroke, which has an increasing incidence with age, causes an irreversible brain damage which may lead to impairment, disability and decreased life satisfaction or death.Risk factors for death, recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction, were analyzed in 409 stroke patients treated at the Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, between Jan. 1, 1978 and Dec. 31, 1982. The causes of death were related with the time of survival. In fully co-operable (n=62) 4-6 year stroke survivors, the occurrence of motor and perceptual impairments, of self-care (ADL) disability and of self-reported decreased life satisfaction due to stroke was determined.The probability of survival was 77% three months after stroke, 69% after one year, and 37% after five years. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that impairment of consciousness was the most important risk factor for death followed by age, previous cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, intracerebral hemorrhage and male sex. During the first week, cerebrovascular disease (90%) was the most dominant primary cause of death, from the second to the fourth week pulmonary embolism (30%), bronchopneumonia during the second and third months and cardiac disease (37%) later than three months after stroke. The risk of recurrence was 14% during the first year after stroke and the accumulated risk of stroke recurrence after 5 years was 37% after stroke. The estimated probability of myocardial infarction was 7% at one year and 19% at 5 years. High age and a history of cardiac failure increased the risk of recurrent stroke. The risk of myocardial infarction was associated with high age, angina pectoris and diabetes mellitus. The highest risk of epilepsy was found between 6 and 12 months after stroke. Motor impairment prevailed in 36% of the long-term survivors, perceptual impairments in up to 57% and decreased ADL-capacity in 32%. As regards ecological perception, perceptual function variables were distinctly grouped into low and high level perception which together with motor function explained 71% of the variance of self-care ADL. While levels of global and of domain specific variables of life satisfaction appeared stable in clinically healthy reference populations aged 60 and 80 years, the stroke had produced a decrease in one or more aspects of life satisfaction for 61% of the long-term survivors. Although significantly associated with motor impairments and ADL disability, these changes could not only be attributed to physical problems.
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9.
  • Arheden, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Force-velocity relation and rate of ATP hydrolysis in osmotically compressed skinned smooth muscle of the guinea pig
  • 1987
  • Ingår i: Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. - 0142-4319. ; 8:2, s. 151-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chemically skinned guinea pig taenia coli fibre bundles showed a concentration-dependent decrease in width when incubated in media containing Dextran T500 (0-0.2 g ml-1). The maximal reduction in width, observed at 0.2 g ml-1 dextran, was 32%. The effect was reversible upon removal of dextran. Isometric force was slightly increased (about 10%) at the lowest dextran concentration (0.025 g ml-1) but decreased at higher concentrations (40% decrease at 0.2 g/ml-1). The energetic tension cost (ATP turnover/force) was decreased by about 40% after dextran addition. Force development and relaxation were markedly slower in 0.1 g ml-1 and absent in 0.2 g ml-1 dextran. In isotonic quick-release experiments 0.025 g ml-1 dextran did not influence maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) and relative stiffness, whereas 0.1 g ml-1 markedly increased stiffness and decreased Vmax to about 27%. Vanadate induced relaxation in the activated muscle (pCa 4.5) both in the absence and presence (0.1 g ml-1) of dextran and increased the rate of relaxation (pCa 9) at 0.1 g ml-1 dextran. The isometric rate of crossbridge turnover, as reflected by the energetic tension cost and the rate of relaxation, was decreased at all degrees of osmotic compression. Crossbridge turnover rate during shortening (Vmax) was unaffected at an osmotic compression of 12% (width) but was decreased at higher compression (32%).
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10.
  • Hellstrand, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Mechanical transients in smooth muscle
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. - 0361-7742. ; 315, s. 347-357
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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