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- von Knorring, Anne-Liis, 1945-
(författare)
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Adoption studies on psychiatric illness : epidemiological, environmental and genetic aspects
- 1983
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of adoptions and to study the gene-environment influences on psychiatric illness as well as sick-leave patterns. The material consists of 2 966 adopted persons born between 1917 and 1949, their 5 932 adoptive parents and 5 438 identified biological parents.Adopted persons had a higher incidence of personality disorders and substance abuse than non-adopted controls. Adopted men also had an increased incidence of neuroses. Adopted women had an increased sick-leave because of somatic complaints, especially upper respiratory tract infections and abdominal complaints of short duration. Somatization i.e. more than 2 sick-leaves/year because of somatic complaint together with nervous complaints was more frequent among adopted women. Women with somatization could be separated into 2 types according to the pattern of sick-leave. Type 1 ("high frequency") had frequent sick-leaves for psychiatric, abdominal and back complaints. They also had a high frequency of alcohol abuse. Type 2 ("diversiform") had more diverse complaints and had fewer sick-leaves because of nervous complaints.High frequency somatizers had biological fathers with teenage onset of criminality and frequent registrations for alcohol abuse. Diversiform somatizers had the same genetic background as adopted men with petty criminality or male limited alcoholism.No specific genetic influences on treated depression or substance abuse were found in this study. However, a non-specific vulnerability of the biological mother influenced on the risk of depression and substance abuse among adopted women.There were some indications that placement in the adoptive home between 6 and 12 months of age was associated with reactive neurotic depression in adult life. Otherwise early negative experiences in term of unstable placements before adoption did not significantly influence on psychiatric illness in adulthood.Affective disorders in the adoptive father were associated with treatment for depressions or substance abuse in the adoptee. Low social status in the part of the adoptive father increased the risk of somatization of both types in the adoptee.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory brainstem responses in childhood psychosis.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 13:2, s. 181-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auditory brainstem responses were compared in 24 autistic children, 7 children with other childhood psychoses, and 31 normal children. One-third of the autistic children showed abnormal ABR indicative of brainstem dysfunction and correlating with muscular hypotonia and severe language impairment. The children with other psychoses and the normal children showed normal results.
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| 4. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950
(författare)
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Autistic children's hand preferences: results from an epidemiological study of infantile autism.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781. ; 10:1, s. 21-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-six autistic children, constituting a total population sample of children diagnosed in accordance with Rutter's criteria as suffering from infantile autism, were assessed with regard to handedness and certain associated factors. They were compared with 52 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched controls. Sixty-two percent of the autistic children were non-right-handed compared with 37% of the controls. Left-handedness in autism was associated with an abundance of delayed echolalia. Heredity for left-handedness in some cases, and assumed brain damage and immature patterns of lateralization in others, were considered the cause of non-right-handedness in the autistic children. Computed tomographic (CT) brain scans and other neurobiological examinations did not provide evidence indicating clear-cut unilateral left hemisphere dysfunction in autism. Rather, a slight trend in the opposite direction (i.e., an association with right hemisphere dysfunction) was seen in the left-handed autistic children. The result points toward the need for further studies of handedness in autism.
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| 5. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood psychosis and computed tomographic brain scan findings.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 13:1, s. 19-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-seven infantile autistic children, nine children with other kinds of childhood psychoses, 23 children with mental retardation, and 16 normal children were examined with computerized tomography of the brain. Gross abnormalities were seen in 26% of the autism cases. It was also estimated that about the same proportion of a total population of infantile autistic children show gross changes of CT brain scan. Abnormalities in the region of the frontal horns of the ventricular system tended to be more common in the psychosis groups than in the normal group. Clear-cut right occipital protuberation was rather common in the small group of other psychoses cases but was only marginally more common in the autism than in the normal group. Evans' ratio was significantly higher in all three abnormal groups than in the normal group.
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| 6. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood psychosis and monoamine metabolites in spinal fluid.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 13:4, s. 383-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of monoamine metabolites was accomplished in the spinal fluid of 22 psychotic children and in 22 sex- and almost-age-matched "normal" controls. Also, specimens from groups of mentally retarded children and children with progressive encephalopathy or meningitis were used for comparison. The psychotic children showed raised levels of homovanillic acid. Thirteen children diagnosed as autistic by Rutter's criteria showed isolated increase of this metabolite. In the group of 9 children with other psychoses, both the level of homovanillic acid and that of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid was raised. The comparison with the group of "simply" mentally retarded children and results within the psychotic group revealed that the increased concentration of monoamines was not attributable to mental retardation per se.
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| 7. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Children born to mentally retarded women: a 1-21 year follow-up study of 41 cases.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917. ; 13:4, s. 891-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifteen mentally retarded Swedish women, judged to be a representative sample, gave birth to 41 children. These children were followed up at the age of 1-21 years with regard to registrations in the Social Register, the Board for Provisions and Services to the Mentally Retarded and the files of the Child and Youth Psychiatric Departments. One child had died, and of the remaining 40 85% had or had exhibited severe psychosocial problems according to register data. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Epilepsy presenting as infantile autism? Two case studies.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 14:4, s. 206-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two cases diagnosed as suffering from infantile autism are described. Underlying epileptogenic changes in the EEG were not disclosed until relatively late in the course of the psychiatric disorder. Anticonvulsive pharmacological treatment led to complete disappearance of psychotic symptoms and to simultaneous disappearance of the pathological EEG changes. Alternative mechanisms are proposed to account for the clinical phenomena.
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| 10. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperkinetic disorders in seven-year-old children with perceptual, motor and attentional deficits.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630. ; 24:2, s. 233-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One hundred and forty-one seven-year-old Swedish children took part in an extensive neuropsychiatric study involving total population samples of children who had shown perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in pre-school, and blindly examined comparison children. The present paper reports on generalized hyperkinesis, i.e. hyperactivity in the child in all of three different assessment settings. About a third of children diagnosed according to strict criteria as suffering from 'Minimal Brain Dysfunction' showed generalized hyperkinesis. In children without perceptual-motor deficits, hyperkinesis was very much rarer. A total population frequency for generalized hyperkinesis in the range of 1-3% is reported as probable. Heredity for delayed maturation, non-optimal pre-, peri- and neonatal factors and adverse psychosocial factors were found to interact in the shaping of the disorder.
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